2001 Mars Odyssey (added May 2001) DEF Mars orbiter mission designed to make global observations of Mars to improve our understanding of the Martian climate and geologic history, including the search for liquid water and evidence of past life. The three primary instruments carried onboard are THEMIS (Thermal Emission Imaging System), GRS (Gamma Ray Spectrometer), and MARIE (Mars Radiation Environment Experiment). Launched April 2001. GS space missions . Mars missions . . 2001 Mars Odyssey RT gamma ray spectrometers Mars (planet) Mars exploration Mars surface Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission A stars GS celestial bodies . stars . . early stars . . . hot stars . . . . A stars RT blue stars peculiar stars Wolf-Rayet stars A-1 aircraft UF Skyraider aircraft GS attack aircraft . A-1 aircraft McDonnell Douglas aircraft . Douglas aircraft . . A-1 aircraft monoplanes . A-1 aircraft RT# aircraft A-2 aircraft UF Savage aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . A-2 aircraft jet aircraft . A-2 aircraft monoplanes . A-2 aircraft North American aircraft . A-2 aircraft RT# aircraft A2F aircraft USE A-6 aircraft A-3 aircraft UF A3D aircraft Skywarrior aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . A-3 aircraft jet aircraft . A-3 aircraft McDonnell Douglas aircraft . Douglas aircraft . . A-3 aircraft monoplanes . A-3 aircraft RT# aircraft A3D aircraft USE A-3 aircraft A3J aircraft USE A-5 aircraft A-4 aircraft UF A4D aircraft Skyhawk aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . A-4 aircraft jet aircraft . A-4 aircraft McDonnell Douglas aircraft . Douglas aircraft . . A-4 aircraft monoplanes . A-4 aircraft RT# aircraft J-65 engine A4D aircraft USE A-4 aircraft A-5 aircraft UF A3J aircraft Vigilante aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . A-5 aircraft jet aircraft . A-5 aircraft monoplanes . A-5 aircraft North American aircraft . A-5 aircraft supersonic aircraft . A-5 aircraft RT# aircraft A-6 aircraft UF A2F aircraft Intruder aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . A-6 aircraft Grumman aircraft . A-6 aircraft jet aircraft . A-6 aircraft monoplanes . A-6 aircraft RT# aircraft A-7 aircraft UF Corsair aircraft GS attack aircraft . A-7 aircraft jet aircraft . turbofan aircraft . . A-7 aircraft Ling-Temco-Vought aircraft . A-7 aircraft monoplanes . A-7 aircraft RT# aircraft A-9 aircraft GS attack aircraft . A-9 aircraft Northrop aircraft . A-9 aircraft reconnaissance aircraft . A-9 aircraft RT# aircraft A-10 aircraft GS attack aircraft . A-10 aircraft Republic aircraft . A-10 aircraft RT# aircraft A-11 satellite USE Echo 1 satellite A-12 satellite USE Echo 2 satellite A-37 aircraft GS attack aircraft . A-37 aircraft Cessna aircraft . A-37 aircraft monoplanes . A-37 aircraft RT# aircraft # military aircraft T-37 aircraft A-300 aircraft GS commercial aircraft . European Airbus . . A-300 aircraft jet aircraft . European Airbus . . A-300 aircraft passenger aircraft . European Airbus . . A-300 aircraft transport aircraft . European Airbus . . A-300 aircraft RT# aircraft international cooperation A-310 aircraft GS commercial aircraft . European Airbus . . A-310 aircraft jet aircraft . European Airbus . . A-310 aircraft passenger aircraft . European Airbus . . A-310 aircraft transport aircraft . European Airbus . . A-310 aircraft RT international cooperation A-320 aircraft GS commercial aircraft . European Airbus . . A-320 aircraft jet aircraft . European Airbus . . A-320 aircraft passenger aircraft . European Airbus . . A-320 aircraft transport aircraft . European Airbus . . A-320 aircraft RT international cooperation A-330 aircraft (added September 1994) GS commercial aircraft . European Airbus . . A-330 aircraft jet aircraft . European Airbus . . A-330 aircraft passenger aircraft . European Airbus . . A-330 aircraft transport aircraft . European Airbus . . A-330 aircraft RT# aircraft international cooperation A-340 aircraft (added September 1994) GS commercial aircraft . European Airbus . . A-340 aircraft jet aircraft . European Airbus . . A-340 aircraft passenger aircraft . European Airbus . . A-340 aircraft transport aircraft . European Airbus . . A-340 aircraft RT# aircraft international cooperation AABNCP USE E-4A aircraft AAP 1 mission RT Apollo applications program Apollo project Skylab program AAP 2 mission RT Apollo applications program Apollo project Skylab program AAP 3 mission RT Apollo applications program Apollo project Skylab program AAP 4 mission RT Apollo applications program Apollo project Skylab program abbreviations (added December 1994) UF acronyms initialisms RT alphabets coding dictionaries symbols terminology words (language) abdomen GS anatomy . abdomen RT digestive system gastrointestinal system intestines peritoneum stomach ventral sections viscera Abel function GS analysis (mathematics) . real variables . . Abel function functions (mathematics) . Abel function RT series (mathematics) aberration DEF In astronomy, the apparent angular displacement of the position of a celestial body in the direction of motion of the observer, caused by the combination of the velocity of the observer and the velocity of light. In optics, a specific deviation from perfect imagery, as, for example: spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, curvature of field, and distortion. RT abnormalities anisoplanatism asphericity blurring # coma crystal optics deviation distortion grazing incidence spatial filtering abilities UF proficiency skills GS abilities . aptitude RT effort human performance intelligence intelligence tests mental performance psychomotor performance transfer of training abiogenesis DEF The development of living organisms from lifeless matter. GS evolution (development) . biological evolution . . abiogenesis RT autocatalysis chemical evolution life sciences panspermia protobiology self assembly spermatogenesis ablated nosetips USE PANT program ablation DEF The removal of surface material from a body by vaporization, melting, chipping, or other erosive process; specifically, the intentional removal of material from a nose cone or spacecraft during high speed movement through a planetary atmosphere to provide thermal protection to the underlying structure. GS ablation . laser ablation RT ablative materials ablative nose cones aerodynamic heat transfer aerodynamic heating aerothermochemistry atmospheric entry burnthrough (failure) charring cooling decomposition erosion gas-metal interactions heat shielding impingement jet impingement mass transfer melting pyrolysis reentry reentry effects reentry physics reentry shielding sublimation temperature effects thermal absorption thermal decomposition vaporizing ablative materials DEF Materials, especially coating materials, designed to provide thermal protection to a body in a fluid stream through the loss of mass. RT ablation carbon-phenolic composites cooling heat shielding heat sinks # materials nose cones nozzle inserts pyrolytic materials refractory materials temperature thermal control coatings thermal protection ablative nose cones GS cones . nose cones . . ablative nose cones forebodies . noses (forebodies) . . nose cones . . . ablative nose cones RT ablation heat shielding reentry shielding reentry vehicles rocket nose cones shielding Ablestar launch vehicle GS launch vehicles . Ablestar launch vehicle rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Ablestar launch vehicle RT liquid propellant rocket engines ABM USE apogee boost motors abnormalities RT aberration deviation distortion eccentricity irregularities uniqueness aborigines RT anthropology human beings inhabitants abort apparatus UF flight termination systems GS safety devices . abort apparatus RT aborted missions aircraft safety arresting gear # barriers brakes (for arresting motion) drag devices ejection seats # equipment escape capsules escape rockets flying ejection seats abort trajectories GS trajectories . abort trajectories RT aborted missions MATTS (systems) aborted missions RT abort apparatus abort trajectories destruction engine failure escape capsules escape rockets failure malfunctions # missions abrasion DEF The surface loss of a material due to frictional forces. RT abrasives chipping cleaning cutting dry friction erosion files (tools) friction grinding (material removal) lesions metallography polishing scoring soil erosion tribology wear wear resistance abrasion resistance GS mechanical properties . wear resistance . . abrasion resistance RT hardness # resistance toughness abrasives DEF Rocks, minerals, or other substances that, owing to their superior hardness, toughness, consistency, or other properties, are suitable for grinding, cutting, polishing, scouring, or similar use. RT abrasion aluminum oxides Carborundum (trademark) ceramics diamonds grit paint removal pumice quartz silicon carbides Abrikosov theory RT crystal structure electromagnetic fields horseshoe vortices superconductivity superconductors (materials) # theories vortices absolute zero DEF Temperature of -273.16 deg. C or -459.69 deg. F or 0 deg. K at which molecular motion vanishes and a body has no heat energy. GS temperature . absolute zero RT cryogenic temperature cryogenics subzero temperature temperature effects temperature scales zero point energy absorbents UF molecular sieves GS sorbents . absorbents RT# absorbers absorbers (equipment) absorbers (materials) adsorbents air conditioning equipment desiccants low density materials material absorption # materials # absorbers SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT absorbents absorbers (equipment) absorbers (materials) attenuators cleaners oscillation dampers shock absorbers vibration isolators absorbers (equipment) SN (EXCLUDES EQUIPMENT FOR ABSORBING ENERGY) RT absorbents # absorbers absorbers (materials) air conditioning equipment cleaners columns (process engineering) condensers (liquefiers) cooling systems degassing drying apparatus # equipment material absorption refrigerating machinery shock absorbers absorbers (materials) SN (EXCLUDES ABSORBENTS--LIMITED TO MATERIALS FOR ABSORBING RADIATION RATHER THAN OTHER MATERIALS) GS absorbers (materials) . neutron absorbers . radar absorbers . . antiradar coatings . solar energy absorbers RT absorbents # absorbers absorbers (equipment) acoustic retrofitting attenuators cleaners electromagnetic absorption electromagnetic wave filters energy absorption # filters heat sinks insulation jackets low density materials # materials radiation shielding refrigerants shielding sinks stopping power suppressors absorptance DEF The ratio of the radiant flux absorbed by a body to that incident upon it. GS electromagnetic properties . optical properties . . absorptance RT albedo capture effect cosmic ray albedo density (mass/volume) Earth albedo electromagnetic absorption light transmission lunar albedo microwave absorption opacity reflectance surface properties transmission transmissivity transmittance transparence turbidity # absorption SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF The process by which radiant energy is absorbed and converted into other forms of energy. In general, the taking up or assimilation of one substance by another. In vacuum technology, gas entering the interior of a solid. RT absorption cooling absorption cross sections absorption spectra absorption spectroscopy absorptivity activated carbon adsorption atomic collisions attenuation auroral absorption beneficiation capture effect collision parameters cosmic ray albedo damping desorption diffusion drying electromagnetic absorption energy absorption energy absorption films gamma ray absorption infrared absorption infrared spectra material absorption materials recovery microwave absorption moderation (energy absorption) molecular absorption multiphoton absorption permeating photoabsorption planetary atmospheres polar cap absorption radiation absorption self absorption sorption sound transmission thermal absorption ultraviolet absorption visible spectrum x ray absorption absorption bands USE absorption spectra absorption coefficient USE absorptivity absorption cooling DEF Refrigeration in which cooling is effected by the expansion of liquid ammonia into gas and the absorption of the gas by water. The ammonia is reused after the water evaporates. GS cooling . absorption cooling RT# absorption ammonia magnetic cooling refrigerants absorption cross sections DEF In radar, cross sections characterized by the amount of power removed from a beam by absorption of radio energy by a target to the power in the beam incident upon the target. Used for capture cross sections. UF capture cross sections RT# absorption # cross sections ionization cross sections neutron cross sections radiation absorption scattering cross sections stopping power absorption spectra DEF The arrays of absorption lines and absorption bands which result from the passage of radiant energy from a continuous source through a selectively absorbing medium cooler than the source. Used for absorption bands and spectral absorption. UF absorption bands spectral absorption GS spectra . radiation spectra . . absorption spectra . . . Fraunhofer lines . . . Herzberg bands . . . telluric lines . spectral bands . . absorption spectra . . . Fraunhofer lines . . . Herzberg bands . . . telluric lines RT# absorption Balmer series # bands continuous radiation D lines differential absorption lidar electromagnetic absorption electromagnetic spectra electron spectroscopy electronic spectra emission spectra energy spectra Fraunhofer line discriminators galactic nuclei gamma ray absorptiometry H alpha line H beta line H gamma line H lines ionizing radiation K lines laser spectrometers line spectra microwave absorption microwave spectra molecular spectra molecular spectroscopy oscillator strengths paramagnetic resonance Paschen series photoacoustic spectroscopy photoluminescent bands photon absorptiometry Raman spectra rotational spectra Rydberg series Schumann-Runge bands self absorption solar spectra solar spectrometers spectrum analysis spin temperature stellar spectra symbiotic stars ultraviolet spectra visible spectrum absorption spectroscopy GS spectroscopy . absorption spectroscopy . . optogalvanic spectroscopy RT# absorption Fraunhofer lines infrared spectroscopy laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy optical equipment optical measuring instruments ultraviolet spectroscopy absorptive index USE absorptivity absorptivity DEF The capacity of a material to absorb incident radiant energy, measured as the absorptance of a specimen of material thick enough to be completely opaque, and having an optically smooth surface. Used for absorption coefficient and absorptive index. UF absorption coefficient absorptive index GS electromagnetic properties . optical properties . . absorptivity RT# absorption Beer law Bouguer law density (mass/volume) electromagnetic absorption Kirchhoff law of radiation microwave absorption opacity oscillator strengths photoacoustic spectroscopy scattering coefficients self absorption transmissivity transparence abstracts GS documents . abstracts summaries . abstracts RT annotations bibliographies indexes (documentation) information retrieval technical writing abundance DEF The mean concentration of an element in a geochemical reservoir, e.g., the abundance of Ni in meteorites or the crustal abundance of oxygen. Also used for the for relative average content, e.g., the order of abundance of elements in the Earth's crust is O, Si, AL, Fe, Ca, etc. Used for element abundance. UF element abundance RT availability energy policy geochemistry metallic stars metallicity reserves resources stellar composition AC (current) USE alternating current AC generators DEF Generators for the production of alternating-current power. Used for alternating current generators and alternators (generators). UF alternating current generators alternators (generators) GS electric generators . AC generators . . linear alternators . . static alternators RT compulsators free-piston engines # generators rotating generators turbogenerators AC-1 aircraft USE DHC 4 aircraft accelerated life tests DEF Methods designed to approximate, in a short time, the deteriorating effects under normal long-term service conditions. RT acceptability evaluation fatigue life life (durability) performance tests quality control service life # tests accelerating agents RT# accelerators admixtures # agents catalysts retardants # acceleration SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF The time rate of change of velocity. RT acceleration (physics) acceleration protection acceleration stresses (physiology) # accelerators angular acceleration catalysis electromagnetic acceleration electron acceleration gravimetry high acceleration high gravity environments human tolerances impact acceleration particle acceleration physiological acceleration plasma acceleration transverse acceleration acceleration (physics) DEF The rate of change of velocity. The act or process of accelerating or the state of being accelerated. Used for boost and G force. UF boost G force GS rates (per time) . acceleration (physics) . . angular acceleration . . deceleration . . . spin reduction . . electron acceleration . . high acceleration . . high gravity environments . . impact acceleration . . particle acceleration . . plasma acceleration . . transverse acceleration RT# acceleration acceleration measurement acceleration stresses (physiology) accelerometers body kinematics expulsion flight stress (biology) # force kinematics kinetics mechanical shock # motion physiological acceleration stress (physiology) thrust thrust-weight ratio velocity acceleration measurement (added April 1997) SN (LIMITED TO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETERMINING THE DIRECTION AND MAGNITUDE OF ACCELERATION; USE TERMS FROM THE "ACCELERATION (PHYSICS)" HIERARCHY TO INDICATE THE DATA OBTAINED FROM MEASUREMENT) RT acceleration (physics) accelerometers angular acceleration inertial navigation # measurement robot sensors transverse acceleration velocity measurement acceleration protection GS protection . acceleration protection RT# acceleration embedding supine position acceleration stresses (physiology) GS stress (biology) . acceleration stresses (physiology) . . centrifuging stress stress (physiology) . acceleration stresses (physiology) . . centrifuging stress RT# acceleration acceleration (physics) aerospace medicine artificial gravity body kinematics gravitational effects gravitational physiology head movement high acceleration lower body negative pressure motion sickness physiological acceleration transverse acceleration acceleration tolerance SN (LIMITED TO ABILITY OF ORGANISMS TO WITHSTAND ACCELERATION--FOR EFFECTS ON EQUIPMENT, USE SHOCK RESISTANCE AND MECHANICAL SHOCK) GS tolerances (physiology) . acceleration tolerance RT blackout (physiology) blackout prevention centrifuging stress gravitational effects high acceleration human centrifuges human tolerances # resistance # accelerators SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF Machines that ionize gases and electrically accelerate the ions onto targets. RT accelerating agents # acceleration coaxial plasma accelerators cyclic accelerators Cyclops plasma accelerator electron accelerators geocyclotrons Hall accelerators hypervelocity guns ion accelerators linear accelerators mass drivers Nimrod accelerator particle accelerator targets particle accelerators plasma accelerators racetracks (particle accelerators) railgun accelerators ram accelerators SEPAC (payload) storage rings (particle accelerators) synchrophasotrons Van de Graaff accelerators accelerometers DEF Transducers which measure acceleration or gravitational forces capable of imparting acceleration. GS measuring instruments . accelerometers . . strain gage accelerometers RT acceleration (physics) acceleration measurement gravimeters gravimetry gyroscopic pendulums mechanical measurement pendulums seismographs shock measuring instruments speed indicators thrust measurement velocity measurement vibration meters acceptability UF acceptance RT accelerated life tests compatibility evaluation examination figure of merit inspection performance tests proving quality control rejection reliability risk samples standards suitability # tests tolerances (mechanics) total quality management validity acceptance USE acceptability acceptor materials GS semiconductors (materials) . acceptor materials RT carrier density (solid state) electrons holes (electron deficiencies) # materials access control DEF Hardware or software features, operating procedures, or management procedures designed to permit authorized access to a computer system. RT communication networks computer information security # control data transmission multiple access multiplexing radio communication telecommunication access time GS time . access time RT data processing rates (per time) time constant # time response transmission rate (communications) accessories UF attachments RT# components extensions fittings inserts subassemblies accident investigation GS investigation . accident investigation . . aircraft accident investigation RT accidents automobile accidents wreckage accident prevention UF precautions GS prevention . accident prevention RT accidents aerospace safety air bag restraint devices automobile accidents avoidance fire prevention hazards protection safety safety devices safety management situational awareness warning warning systems accident proneness RT safety devices safety factors accidents GS accidents . aircraft accidents . . bird-aircraft collisions . automobile accidents . loss of coolant RT accident investigation accident prevention air bag restraint devices crash injuries crashes destruction disasters emergencies explosions fires first aid hazards industrial safety injuries sabotage safety safety devices traffic wreckage acclimatization DEF The adjustments of a human body or other organism to a new environment; the bodily changes which tend to increase efficiency and reduce energy loss. Used for deacclimatization. UF deacclimatization GS adaptation . acclimatization . . altitude acclimatization . . cold acclimatization . . heat acclimatization RT homeostasis liquid breathing stress (biology) stress (physiology) tolerances (physiology) accommodation RT adaptation correction eye (anatomy) focusing visual accommodation accommodation coefficient DEF The ratio of the average energy actually transferred between a surface and impinging gas molecules which are scattered by the surface to the average energy which would theoretically be transferred if the impinging molecules reached complete thermal equilibrium with the surface before leaving the surface. Used for thermal accommodation coefficients. UF thermal accommodation coefficients GS coefficients . accommodation coefficient RT heat transfer coefficients accounting DEF The practice and system of recording and summarizing business and financial transactions, and reporting as well as verifying and analyzing their results. RT budgeting costs finance accretion USE deposition accretion disks DEF Rotation disks of matter surrounding an astronomical object, such as a star, galactic nucleus, black hole, etc., which is accumulated gravitationally by the object. RT astrophysics binary stars black holes (astronomy) blazars cooling flows (astrophysics) disks (shapes) eclipsing binary stars galactic nuclei gravitational binding energy protoplanetary disks rotating disks stellar mass accretion superhumps (astronomy) x ray binaries accumulations RT acquisition agglomeration assemblies coagulation collection concentrating deposition filling growth increasing input nucleation settling stockpiling accumulators DEF Devices or apparatus that accumulate or store. Used for collectors. UF collectors GS accumulators . accumulators (computers) . dust collectors . solar collectors RT anodes concentrators entrapment fuel systems pressure vessels pressurizing accumulators (computers) DEF In computer technology, devices which store a number and upon receipt of another number add it to the number already stored and store the sum. GS accumulators . accumulators (computers) computer components . computer storage devices . . registers (computers) . . . accumulators (computers) RT adding circuits counters # equipment accuracy DEF The degree of agreement of the measurements with the true value of the magnitude of the quantity measured. Used for error band and fidelity. UF error band fidelity GS accuracy . geodetic accuracy . geometric accuracy RT angular resolution calibrating consistency correction definition drift (instrumentation) dynamic characteristics errors high resolution hysteresis linearity # measurement miss distance precision quality range errors reliability resolution sequential control standards surveys # tests tolerances (mechanics) validity virtual properties ACE satellite USE Advanced Composition Explorer ACEE program DEF A NASA program started in 1975 to reduce fuel consumption for transport aircraft through the study of structural and aerodynamic energy efficiency as well as engine energy efficiency consisting of engine component improvement, new energy efficient engines, and advanced turbopropellers. The acronym stands for aircraft energy efficiency. Used for Aircraft Energy Efficiency program and energy efficiency transport program. UF Aircraft Energy Efficiency program Energy Efficiency Transport program GS programs . NASA programs . . ACEE program RT aircraft engines combustion efficiency acetaldehyde GS aldehydes . acetaldehyde acetals GS ethers . acetals acetanilide UF phenacetin GS nitrogen compounds . amides . . acetanilide acetates GS acetates . cobalt acetates . lead acetates . sodium chlorodifluoroacetates . triacetin RT acetic acid acetylsalicylic acid esters ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids acetation USE acetylation acetazolamide GS nitrogen compounds . amides . . acetazolamide organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . azoles . . . . acetazolamide RT carbonic anhydrase diuretics acetic acid GS acids . carboxylic acids . . fatty acids . . . acetic acid . . . . ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids . . . . iodoacetic acid organic compounds . carboxylic acids . . fatty acids . . . acetic acid . . . . ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids . . . . iodoacetic acid RT acetates acetyl compounds triacetin acetone GS ketones . acetone RT acetylacetone pentanone acetonitrile UF ethane nitrile methyl cyanide GS cyanides . acetonitrile methyl compounds . acetonitrile nitriles . acetonitrile acetyl compounds GS organic compounds . acetyl compounds . . acetylacetone . . acetylsalicylic acid RT acetic acid acetylation aldehydes # chemical compounds esters acetylacetone GS ketones . acetylacetone organic compounds . acetyl compounds . . acetylacetone RT acetone pentanone acetylation DEF Substitution of an acetyl radical for an active hydrogen. Specifically, formation of cellulose acetate from cellulose. Used for acetation. UF acetation GS chemical reactions . acylation . . acetylation RT acetyl compounds acetylene GS organic compounds . hydrocarbons . . aliphatic hydrocarbons . . . alkynes . . . . acetylene RT cyanoacetylene hydrocarbon fuels oxyacetylene acetylsalicylic acid UF ASA GS acids . carboxylic acids . . fatty acids . . . acetylsalicylic acid organic compounds . acetyl compounds . . acetylsalicylic acid . carboxylic acids . . fatty acids . . . acetylsalicylic acid RT acetates salicylates achievement RT completeness goals learning achondrites GS celestial bodies . meteorites . . stony meteorites . . . achondrites . . . . Bondoc meteorite . . . . chassignites . . . . Kapoeta achondrite . . . . nakhlites . . . . Norton County achondrite . . . . shergottites . . . . SNC meteorites . . . . ureilites RT chondrites iron meteorites acid base equilibrium GS chemical equilibrium . acid base equilibrium RT# equilibrium homeostasis pH pH factor stabilization thermodynamic equilibrium acid rain DEF Low pH rainfall resulting from atmospheric reactions of aerosols containing chlorides and sulfates (or other negative ions). GS precipitation (meteorology) . rain . . acid rain RT air pollution atmospheric chemistry atmospheric moisture clouds (meteorology) dew meteorology pH rainstorms snow sulfur oxides acidity GS chemical properties . acidity RT hydrogen ions ion concentration pH titration acidosis DEF Reduction of alkali reserves due to an excess of acid metabolites. RT alkalosis hyperventilation pH pH factor toxicity acids GS acids . amino acids . . alanine . . . phenylalanine . . aspartic acid . . cysteine . . dopa . . folic acid . . glutamic acid . . glutamine . . glycine . . hippuric acid . . histidine . . leucine . . . norleucine . . lysine . . melanoidin . . methionine . . thyroxine . . tryptophan . . tyrosine . amobarbital . ascorbic acid . boric acids . butyric acid . carbonic acid . carboxylic acids . . acrylic acid . . alanine . . . phenylalanine . . aspartic acid . . citric acid . . dicarboxylic acids . . fatty acids . . . acetic acid . . . . ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids . . . iodoacetic acid . . . acetylsalicylic acid . . . benzilic acid . . . benzoic acid . . . lipoic acid . . . oleic acid . . . palmitic acid . . . propionic acid . . . sebacic acid . . . valeric acid . . folic acid . . formhydroxamic acid . . formic acid . . Hexogenes (trademark) . . lactic acid . . lysine . . nicotinic acid . . oxalic acid . . oxamic acids . . tryptophan . chromic acid . cyanuric acid . cytidylic acid . hydrazoic acid . hydrobromic acid . hydrochloric acid . hydrocyanic acid . hydrofluoric acid . nitric acid . nucleic acids . . deoxyribonucleic acid . . ribonucleic acids . oxidase . perchloric acid . phosphoric acid . sulfonic acid . sulfuric acid . thymidine . thymine . uric acid . uridylic acid . xanthic acids RT adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) anhydrides hydrogen compounds inorganic compounds # oxygen compounds acoustic attenuation GS attenuation . wave attenuation . . acoustic attenuation . . . shock wave attenuation RT acoustic coupling acoustics anechoic chambers atmospheric attenuation bioacoustics grazing flow noise reduction sound amplification wave propagation zero sound acoustic combustion USE combustion stability acoustic coupling (added September 1988) GS coupling . acoustic coupling RT acoustic attenuation acoustic excitation acoustics energy transfer sound waves wave interaction acoustic delay lines DEF Devices used in a communications link or a computer memory in which the signal is delayed by the propagation of sound waves. Used for sonic waveguides. UF sonic waveguides GS delay lines . acoustic delay lines RT computer storage devices delay circuits surface acoustic wave devices transmission lines acoustic detection USE sound detecting and ranging acoustic ducts GS ducts . acoustic ducts RT grazing flow noise reduction spatial marching acoustic emission DEF The stress and pressure waves generated during dynamic processes in materials and used in assessing structural integrity in machined parts. GS emission . acoustic emission RT acoustic measurement crack propagation failure analysis fatigue testing machines nondestructive tests stress waves acoustic excitation DEF The process of inducing vibration in a structure by exposure to sound waves. GS excitation . wave excitation . . acoustic excitation RT acoustic coupling acoustic resonance acoustics sound amplification surface noise interactions thermoacoustic effects acoustic fatigue UF sonic fatigue GS fatigue (materials) . acoustic fatigue RT acoustics acoustic frequencies UF sound frequencies GS frequencies . acoustic frequencies . . audio frequencies . . . quefrencies . . screech tones RT acoustic measurement acoustic properties acoustic resonance acoustics frequency ranges noise spectra pressure oscillations resonant frequencies sound waves subaudible frequencies ultrasonic radiation whispering gallery modes acoustic generators USE sound generators acoustic imaging (added February 1993) GS imaging techniques . acoustic imaging . . acoustical holography RT acoustic measurement acoustic scattering nondestructive tests ultrasonic flaw detection acoustic impedance GS acoustic properties . acoustic impedance impedance . acoustic impedance RT acoustics evanescent waves grazing flow acoustic instability GS acoustic properties . acoustic instability stability . acoustic instability RT signal fading thermoacoustic effects acoustic levitation DEF Method by which molten materials in space are suspended during processing experiments in the low gravity environment. Also, the use of very intense sound waves to keep a body suspended, thereby eliminating any container contact. GS levitation . acoustic levitation RT buoyancy space processing acoustic measurement SN (MEASUREMENT OF PROPERTIES, QUANTITIES OR CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ELASTIC WAVES) DEF Measurement of properties, quantities, or conditions of acoustical, i.e., mechanical waves. Used for sound measurement. UF sound measurement GS acoustic measurement . noise measurement RT acoustic emission acoustic frequencies acoustic imaging ambience anechoic chambers audio frequencies audiometry cepstral analysis effective perceived noise levels frequency measurement grazing flow # measurement mechanical measurement noise meters reverberation chambers seismographs sound pressure sound waves ultrasonic tests acoustic microscopes DEF Instruments which use acoustic radiation at microwave frequencies to allow visualization of microscopic detail exhibited in elastic properties of objects. Used for scanning laser acoustic microscope (SLAM). UF scanning laser acoustic microscope (SLAM) GS microscopes . acoustic microscopes RT acoustic propagation imaging techniques microwave frequencies optical equipment photoacoustic microscopy wave propagation acoustic nozzles RT# nozzles sonic nozzles sound generators acoustic propagation GS transmission . wave propagation . . acoustic propagation . . . sound propagation RT acoustic microscopes acoustical holography acoustics elastic waves # propagation whispering gallery modes acoustic properties GS acoustic properties . acoustic impedance . acoustic instability . acoustic scattering . . reverberation . acoustic velocity . sound intensity . . zero sound RT acoustic frequencies field strength grazing flow Lamb waves mechanical properties # physical properties # properties # resistance sound waves wave dispersion acoustic radiation USE sound waves acoustic resonance (added June 1997) GS resonance . acoustic resonance RT acoustic excitation acoustic frequencies acoustics resonant frequencies resonant vibration acoustic retrofitting DEF Modification, especially of aircraft, to effect noise reduction; specifically, the introduction of absorber materials and jet noise silencers. GS retrofitting . acoustic retrofitting RT absorbers (materials) aerodynamic noise aircraft design aircraft noise jet aircraft noise mufflers noise reduction propeller noise vibration isolators acoustic scattering GS acoustic properties . acoustic scattering . . reverberation scattering . wave scattering . . acoustic scattering . . . reverberation RT acoustic imaging acoustic sounding acoustics deep scattering layers reciprocity theorem sodar sound detecting and ranging surface noise interactions underwater acoustics acoustic simulation GS simulation . environment simulation . . acoustic simulation RT elastic waves flight simulation reverberation chambers acoustic sounding GS sounding . acoustic sounding RT acoustic scattering acoustics Earth atmosphere meteorology rocket sounding rocket vehicles sounding rockets ultrasonic tests underground acoustics upper atmosphere acoustic stability USE frequency stability acoustic streaming DEF Unidirectional flow currents in a fluid that are due to the presence of sound waves. RT fluid flow fluid switching elements fragmentation sound waves streamlining acoustic velocity DEF The speed of propagation of sound waves. Used for sonic speed, sound barrier, and sound velocity. UF sonic speed sound barrier sound velocity GS acoustic properties . acoustic velocity rates (per time) . acoustic velocity velocity . acoustic velocity RT# barriers exhaust velocity Gutenberg zone Mach cones Mach number sonic booms sound pressure subsonic speed supersonic speed transonic speed acoustic vibrations USE sound waves acoustical holography UF sonoholography sound holography GS imagery . photography . . holography . . . acoustical holography imaging techniques . acoustic imaging . . acoustical holography RT acoustic propagation imaging techniques sound waves wave front reconstruction acoustics DEF The study of sound, including its production, transmission, and effects. Those qualities of an enclosure that together determine its character with respect to distinct hearing. Used for sound. UF sound GS acoustics . aeroacoustics . bioacoustics . electroacoustics . geometrical acoustics . magnetoacoustics . microsonics . psychoacoustics . underwater acoustics RT acoustic attenuation acoustic coupling acoustic excitation acoustic fatigue acoustic frequencies acoustic impedance acoustic propagation acoustic resonance acoustic scattering acoustic sounding anechoic chambers architecture audio tapes auditory perception auditory stimuli auditory tasks comfort earphones echoes effective perceived noise levels elastic waves harmonic excitation harmonic generations harmonic oscillation harmonics hum infrasonic frequencies Lamb waves Lame wave equations loudness noise (sound) noise pollution noise propagation noise reduction octaves opacity phonetics power spectra # science simple harmonic motion sonic anemometers sound amplification sound fields sound propagation sound transmission sound waves speech stereophonics thermoacoustic effects ultrasonic cleaning ultrasonic scanners ultrasonics verbal communication vibration vibration damping voice communication zero sound acousto-optics RT Bragg cells crystal optics electro-optics geometrical optics imagery light modulators magneto-optics optical properties optical switching # optics photoacoustic microscopy photoacoustic spectroscopy thermoacoustic effects tunable filters ACPL (Spacelab) USE Atmospheric Cloud Physics Lab (Spacelab) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (added August 1991) DEF A condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacking the human body's T-cells, thereby rendering an infected individual defenseless against diseases. UF AIDS (disease) GS diseases . infectious diseases . . viral diseases . . . acquired immunodeficiency syndrome signs and symptoms . acquired immunodeficiency syndrome RT antibodies hepatitis human immunodeficiency virus immune systems immunology interferon meningitis physiological defenses pneumonia vaccines acquisition GS acquisition . data acquisition . target acquisition RT accumulations collection detection documentation # receiving recognition acriflavine GS organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . acriflavine RT antiseptics dyes acrobatics (aircraft) USE aerobatics acroleins GS aldehydes . acroleins RT toxicity and safety hazard acronyms USE abbreviations ACRV USE Assured Crew Return Vehicle acrylates GS esters . acrylates RT resins acrylic acid GS acids . carboxylic acids . . acrylic acid organic compounds . carboxylic acids . . acrylic acid acrylic resins UF methacrylate resins polyacrylates GS plastics . synthetic resins . . addition resins . . . acrylic resins resins . synthetic resins . . addition resins . . . acrylic resins RT latex polyacrylonitrile thermoplastic resins acrylonitriles UF vinyl cyanide GS nitriles . acrylonitriles . . polyacrylonitrile RT plastics ACTH USE adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) actinide series DEF The series of elements beginning with actium, Element No. 89, and continuing through lawrencium, Element No. 103. GS chemical elements . actinide series . . actinium . . radium . . . radium isotopes . . . . radium 226 . . thorium . . . thorium isotopes . . transuranium elements . . . americium . . . . americium isotopes . . . . . americium 241 . . . berkelium . . . californium . . . . californium isotopes . . . curium . . . . curium isotopes . . . . . curium 242 . . . . . curium 244 . . . einsteinium . . . fermium . . . lawrencium . . . mendelevium . . . neptunium . . . . neptunium isotopes . . . nobelium . . . plutonium . . . . plutonium isotopes . . . . . plutonium 238 . . . . . plutonium 239 . . . . . plutonium 240 . . . . . plutonium 241 . . . . . plutonium 244 . . . sergenium . . uranium . . . uranium isotopes . . . . uranium 232 . . . . uranium 233 . . . . uranium 234 . . . . uranium 235 . . . . uranium 238 metals . actinide series . . actinium . . radium . . . radium isotopes . . . radium 226 . . thorium . . . thorium isotopes . . transuranium elements . . . americium . . . . americium isotopes . . . . americium 241 . . . berkelium . . . californium . . . . californium isotopes . . . curium . . . curium isotopes . . . . . curium 242 . . . . . curium 244 . . . einsteinium . . . fermium . . . lawrencium . . . mendelevium . . . neptunium . . . . neptunium isotopes . . . nobelium . . . plutonium . . . . plutonium isotopes . . . . . plutonium 238 . . . . . plutonium 239 . . . . . plutonium 240 . . . . . plutonium 241 . . . . . plutonium 244 . . . sergenium . . uranium . . . uranium isotopes . . . . uranium 232 . . . . uranium 233 . . . . uranium 234 . . . . uranium 235 . . . . uranium 238 RT radioactive isotopes radioactive materials transition metals actinide series compounds GS actinide series compounds . californium compounds . curium compounds . einsteinium compounds . neptunium compounds . plutonium compounds . . plutonium fluorides . . plutonium oxides . thorium compounds . . thorium fluorides . . thorium oxides . uranium compounds . . uranium carbides . . uranium fluorides . . uranium oxides RT# chemical compounds # Group 3B compounds actinium GS chemical elements . actinide series . . actinium metals . actinide series . . actinium actinographs USE actinometers actinometers DEF The general name for instruments used to measure the intensity of radiant energy, particularly that of the sun. Used for actinographs and emissographs. UF actinographs emissographs GS measuring instruments . radiation measuring instruments . . actinometers . . . infrared spectrometers . . . . filter wheel infrared spectrometers . . . pyranometers . . . radiometers . . . . Dicke radiometers . . . . infrared detectors . . . . FLIR detectors . . . . . infrared radiometers . . . . . . Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer . . . . . infrared scanners . . . . . . visible infrared spin scan radiometer . . . . microwave radiometers . . . . . Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit . . . . passive L-band radiometers . . . pressure modulator radiometers . . . . spectroradiometers . . . solar spectrometers . . . spectroheliographs . . . spectrophotometers . . . . infrared spectrophotometers . . . . ultraviolet spectrophotometers . . . ultraviolet detectors . . . . ultraviolet spectrometers . . . . . high dispersion spectrographs . . . . . Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer . . . . ultraviolet spectrophotometers . . . x ray detectors RT dosimeters Fabry-Perot spectrometers field intensity meters spectrometers actinomycetes GS microorganisms . bacteria . . actinomycetes actinomycin GS drugs . antibiotics . . actinomycin activated carbon GS charcoal . activated carbon RT# absorption carbon filtration hemoperfusion water treatment activated sludge DEF A semiliquid mass removed from the liquid flow of sewage and subjected to aeration and aerobic microbial action. The end product is dark to golden brown, partially decomposed, granular and flocculent, and has an earthy odor when fresh. GS sludge . activated sludge RT biodegradation human wastes metabolic wastes sewage wastes activation RT actuation catalysis deactivation electromagnetic absorption excitation flotation initiation ionization potentials irradiation microwave absorption sensitizing starting stimulation activation (biology) RT activation energy # biology # cells enzymes stimulation activation analysis DEF A method of chemical analysis, especially for small traces of materials, based on the detection of characteristic radiations following a nuclear bombardment. GS activation analysis . neutron activation analysis RT# analyzing activation energy RT activation (biology) binding energy Damkohler number electron energy # energy heat nuclear binding energy nuclear capture proton energy rotons surface energy active control DEF The automatic activation of various control surface functions in aircraft. GS automatic control . adaptive control . . active control RT aeroservoelasticity aircraft control # control interactive control piezoelectric actuators self adaptive control systems self alignment servomechanisms smart structures active galactic nuclei GS galactic nuclei . active galactic nuclei RT active galaxies blazars galactic radiation # nuclei quasars radio galaxies Seyfert galaxies active galaxies GS celestial bodies . galaxies . . active galaxies . . . Markarian galaxies . . . radio galaxies . . . Seyfert galaxies RT active galactic nuclei blazars galactic nuclei galactic radiation quasars active glaciers USE glaciers Active Magneto Particle Tracer Explorers USE AMPTE (satellites) active satellites DEF Satellites which transmit a signal, in contrast to passive satellites. GS artificial satellites . active satellites . . SYNCOM satellites . . . Early Bird satellites . . . SYNCOM 1 satellite . . . SYNCOM 2 satellite . . . SYNCOM 3 satellite . . . SYNCOM 4 satellite RT Advent Project Explorer 29 satellite Explorer 36 satellite geodetic satellites GEOS 1 satellite GEOS 2 satellite GEOS 3 satellite navigation satellites NAVSTAR satellites passive satellites synchronous satellites active volcanoes USE volcanoes # activity SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT activity (biology) extravehicular activity faculae intravehicular activity radioactivity solar activity activity (biology) UF biological activity RT# activity biological effects # biology catalytic activity activity cycles (biology) GS cycles . activity cycles (biology) RT# biology circadian rhythms phenology rhythm (biology) zeitgebers ACTS SN (ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE) UF Advanced Communications Technology Sat GS artificial satellites . communication satellites . . ACTS RT extremely high frequencies microwave transmission satellite communication actuation RT activation actuators excitation initiation nutation sensitizing starting stimulation actuator disks GS disks (shapes) . actuator disks RT# disks # fans propellers actuators DEF Mechanisms to activate process control equipment, e.g., valves. Used for cartridge actuated devices, hydraulic actuators, and triggers. UF cartridge actuated devices hydraulic actuators triggers GS actuators . piezoelectric actuators RT actuation aeroservoelasticity aircraft hydraulic systems automatic control valves cams control valves controllers # effectors electroactive polymers explosive devices # instruments missile control propellant actuated instruments regulators servomechanisms servomotors shape control smart materials solenoids starters stepping motors torque motors acuity DEF The keeness of ability to detect and discriminate. GS acuity . visual acuity . . hyperopia RT adaptation discrimination frequency response perception sensitivity thresholds (perception) acylation GS chemical reactions . acylation . . acetylation RT Friedel-Craft reaction AD/I B USE Explorer 25 satellite AD/I satellite USE Explorer 24 satellite Ada (programming language) DEF A programming language based on PASCAL, originally developed on behalf of the US Department of Defense for use in embedded computer systems. It is named Ada in honor of Augusta Ada Byron, countess of Lovelace, primarily due to the fact that she was the assistant and patron of Charles Babbage and is considered the world's first programmer. GS languages . programming languages . . high level languages . . . Ada (programming language) RT computer programming embedded computer systems object-oriented programming AD-A satellite USE Explorer 19 satellite adaptation DEF The adjustment, alteration or modification of an organism to fit it more perfectly for existence in its environment. GS adaptation . acclimatization . . altitude acclimatization . . cold acclimatization . . heat acclimatization . desert adaptation . retinal adaptation . . dark adaptation . . light adaptation RT accommodation acuity correction fitting hibernation homeostasis perception reaction time retraining sensitivity thresholds (perception) vision adapters DEF Devices or contrivances used or designed primarily to fit or adjust one thing to another. Devices, appliances or the like used to alter something so as to make it suitable for a use for which it was not originally designed. GS adapters . multiple docking adapters RT connectors extensions fittings joints (junctions) adaptive control UF adaptive control systems GS automatic control . adaptive control . . active control . . model reference adaptive control . . self adaptive control systems RT automata theory autonomy # control control theory cybernetics dynamic control feedback control feedforward control machine learning mission adaptive wings optimal control robot control sampled data systems self alignment smart structures adaptive control systems USE adaptive control adaptive filters RT bandpass filters bandstop filters electric filters electromagnetic wave filters # filters linear filters optical filters tracking filters tunable filters adaptive optics DEF Real-time optical correction for atmospheric perturbations and other system error sources. RT anisoplanatism atmospheric optics computer techniques deformable mirrors feedback control honeycomb mirrors imaging techniques instrument compensation laser guide stars optical correction procedure optical transfer function # optics segmented mirrors self adaptive control systems adders (circuits) USE adding circuits adding circuits UF adders (circuits) binary summators GS circuits . adding circuits computer components . adding circuits RT accumulators (computers) binary integration logic circuits addition RT addition theorem amount arithmetic computation number theory restoration addition resins SN (CARBON CHAIN POLYMERS--FOR HETEROATOM CHAIN POLYMERS, USE POLYETHER RESINS) GS plastics . synthetic resins . . addition resins . . . acrylic resins . . . vinyl copolymers resins . synthetic resins . . addition resins . . . acrylic resins . . . vinyl copolymers RT crosslinking polybutadiene polyethylene terephthalate polyethylenes polyisobutylene polypropylene polystyrene polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl chloride synthesis (chemistry) synthetic fibers vulcanized elastomers addition theorem GS number theory . addition theorem theorems . addition theorem RT addition additives DEF Materials or substances added to something else for a specific purpose. Used for doping (additives). UF doping (additives) GS additives . admixtures . antifreezes . antiicing additives . antiknock additives . antioxidants . oil additives . opacifiers . plasticizers . propellant additives . . propellant binders . . . solid rocket binders RT# agents alloying antimisting fuels binders (materials) carrier injection catalysts coatings diluents dopes fillers high energy fuels inhibitors interstitials lubricants majority carriers minority carriers modulation doping neutralizers pigments preservatives retardants solvents stabilizers (agents) suppressors tetrahydrofuran thickeners (materials) traveling solvent method vinyl copolymers addressing RT coding computer programming adducts DEF Chemical compounds with weak bonds, e.g., occlusive or Van der Waal bonds. RT# chemical compounds Aden USE Southern Yemen adenines GS bases (chemical) . adenines organic compounds . carbohydrates . . glucosides . . . nucleosides . . . . adenines . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . purines . . . . adenines . nucleotides . . adenines phosphorus compounds . phosphates . . adenines RT ribonucleic acids adenosine diphosphate UF ADP GS organic compounds . coenzymes . . adenosine diphosphate . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . adenosines . . . . adenosine diphosphate . nucleotides . . adenosines . . . adenosine diphosphate phosphorus compounds . phosphates . . diphosphates . . . adenosine diphosphate adenosine triphosphate UF ATP GS organic compounds . coenzymes . . adenosine triphosphate . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . adenosines . . . . adenosine triphosphate . nucleotides . . adenosines . . . adenosine triphosphate phosphorus compounds . phosphates . . adenosine triphosphate RT amino acids adenosines GS organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . adenosines . . . . adenosine diphosphate . . . . adenosine triphosphate . . . . cyclic AMP . nucleotides . . adenosines . . . adenosine diphosphate . . . adenosine triphosphate . . . cyclic AMP adenoviruses GS microorganisms . viruses . . adenoviruses adequacy RT quality validity adherometers USE adhesion tests adhesion GS surface properties . adhesion RT adhesion tests adhesive bonding agglutination bonding cold welding fusion (melting) interfacial energy internal pressure # joining metal bonding peeling sealing spreading tackiness traction wettability adhesion tests UF adherometers Fokker bond testers RT adhesion bonding nondestructive tests # tests wettability adhesive bonding GS bonding . adhesive bonding RT adhesion agglutination bonded joints cementation fiber pullout # joining metal bonding metal-metal bonding resin bonding sealing adhesives UF binders (adhesives) GS adhesives . glues . pastes . tetraethyl orthosilicate RT agglutination alkyd resins binders (materials) cements epoxy resins fasteners furan resins joints (junctions) metal-metal bonding phenolic epoxy resins plastic tapes sealers seams (joints) # tapes ADI methods USE alternating direction implicit methods adiabatic conditions GS conditions . adiabatic conditions RT Carnot cycle compressing enthalpy environments expansion isentrope isoenergetic processes isothermal processes polytropic processes temperature thermal environments thermodynamic cycles thermodynamic equilibrium adiabatic demagnetization cooling DEF Use of paramagnetic salts cooled to the boiling point of helium in a strong magnetic field, then thermally isolated and removed from the field to demagnetize the salts and attain temperatures of 10(-3) K. RT magnetic cooling adiabatic equations RT# equations equations of state heat transmission nonadiabatic theory shock waves adiabatic flow GS fluid flow . adiabatic flow RT stagnation temperature adipose tissues GS tissues (biology) . connective tissue . . adipose tissues RT fats Adiprene (trademark) GS elastomers . rubber . . synthetic rubbers . . . Adiprene (trademark) Adirondack Mountains (NY) GS landforms . mountains . . Adirondack Mountains (NY) RT New York adjoints GS algebra . vector spaces . . matrices (mathematics) . . . adjoints RT data processing numerical analysis adjusting UF adjustment readjustment RT alignment clearances collimation correction fitting focusing leveling matching optical correction procedure positioning revisions # setting smoothing adjustment USE adjusting administration USE management admittance USE electrical impedance admixtures GS additives . admixtures mixtures . admixtures RT accelerating agents catalysts # combination concretes formulations ingredients mixers mortars (material) surfactants adobe flats USE flats (landforms) ADP USE adenosine diphosphate Adrastea (added January 1996) DEF A natural satellite of Jupiter orbiting at a mean distance of 129,980 kilometers. GS celestial bodies . natural satellites . . Jupiter satellites . . . Adrastea RT Jupiter (planet) adrenal gland GS anatomy . glands (anatomy) . . endocrine glands . . . adrenal gland RT adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) epinephrine glucocorticoids adrenal metabolism GS metabolism . adrenal metabolism RT aldosterone corticosteroids cortisone hydroxycorticosteroid adrenaline USE epinephrine adrenergics UF sympathomimetics GS drugs . adrenergics RT antiadrenergics anticoagulants cyclic AMP adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) UF ACTH GS secretions . endocrine secretions . . hormones . . . pituitary hormones . . . . adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) RT acids adrenal gland amino acids proteins Adriatic Sea GS seas . Mediterranean Sea . . Adriatic Sea RT Italy Yugoslavia adsorbents DEF Materials which take up gases by adsorption. GS sorbents . adsorbents RT absorbents adsorption air conditioning equipment charcoal desiccants hemoperfusion adsorption DEF The adhesion of a thin film of liquid or gas to the surface of a solid substance. The solid does not combine chemically with the adsorbed substance. GS sorption . adsorption . . chemisorption RT# absorption adsorbents adsorptivity beneficiation bioavailability chromatography concentrating desorption diffusion electrostatic precipitators elution gas chromatography gas-metal interactions Gibbs adsorption equation hydrophobicity # separation water treatment adsorptivity GS surface properties . adsorptivity RT adsorption chemical properties chemisorption # physical properties Advanced Airborne Command Post USE E-4A aircraft Advanced Communications Technology Sat USE ACTS Advanced Composition Explorer (added December 1999) DEF Explorer spacecraft (launched August 25, 1997) carrying six high-resolution sensors and three monitoring instruments for sampling low-energy particles of solar origin and high-energy galactic particles. From a vantage point approximately 1/100 of the distance from the Earth to the Sun, the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) can perform measurements over a wide range of energy and nuclear mass, under all solar wind flow conditions and during both large and small particle events including solar flares. When reporting space weather ACE can provide an advance warning of geomagnetic storms. UF ACE satellite Explorer 71 satellite GS artificial satellites . scientific satellites . . Explorer satellites . . . Advanced Composition Explorer RT energetic particles galactic cosmic rays interplanetary medium solar corpuscular radiation solar cosmic rays solar wind space weather Advanced EVA Protection Systems USE AEPS Advanced Launch System (STS) (added October 1989) UF ALS (launch system) GS transportation . space transportation . . space transportation system . . . Advanced Launch System (STS) RT heavy lift launch vehicles launch vehicle configurations launch vehicles NASA programs NASA space programs payload delivery (STS) reusable launch vehicles Shuttle Derived Vehicles space shuttles spacecraft design Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (added July 1997) DEF A line-scan instrument on the Advanced TIROS-N (ATN) NOAA K-N series of operational meteorological satellites. The AMSU consists of two functionally independent units, AMSU-A and AMSU-B. The AMSU-A is designed to measure scene radiance in 15 channels, ranging from 23.8 to 89 GHz, to derive atmospheric temperature profiles from the Earth surface to about 3 millibar pressure height. The AMSU-B is designed to measure scene radiance in five channels, ranging from 89 GHz to 183 GHz for the computation of atmospheric water vapor profiles. UF AMSU (radiometer) GS measuring instruments . microwave sensors . . Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit . radiation measuring instruments . . actinometers . . . radiometers . . . . microwave radiometers . . . . . Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit . satellite-borne instruments . . Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit microwave equipment . microwave radiometers . . Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit RT atmospheric moisture atmospheric sounding atmospheric temperature Earth Observing System (EOS) microwave sounding NOAA satellites remote sensors satellite sounding TIROS N series satellites Advanced Orbiting Solar Observatory USE AOSO Advanced Range Instrumentation Aircraft DEF An EC-135 aircraft configured for reception recording and real-time relay of telemetry data. RT airborne equipment # aircraft Apollo project C-135 aircraft data acquisition telemetry Advanced Range Instrumentation Ship UF ARIS instrumentation ship GS water vehicles . ships . . Advanced Range Instrumentation Ship RT# instruments manned space flight network spacecraft tracking tracking networks Advanced Reconn Electric Spacecraft UF ARES (spacecraft) GS interplanetary spacecraft . Mars probes . . Advanced Reconn Electric Spacecraft unmanned spacecraft . space probes . . Mars probes . . . Advanced Reconn Electric Spacecraft RT# spacecraft advanced sodium cooled reactor UF ASCR reactor GS nuclear reactors . liquid cooled reactors . . liquid metal cooled reactors . . . advanced sodium cooled reactor Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (STS) (added October 1989) UF ASRM (STS) GS engines . rocket engines . . booster rocket engines . . . Space Shuttle Boosters . . . . Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (STS) . . solid propellant rocket engines . . . Space Shuttle Boosters . . . . Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (STS) RT Space Shuttle Ascent Stage space transportation system advanced tactical fighter USE F-22 aircraft Advanced Technology Laboratory DEF An all-pallet payload utilizing the Space Shuttle and the European Spacelab and designed to accommodate 8 to 15 experiments per mission. GS laboratories . space laboratories . . Advanced Technology Laboratory payloads . Space Shuttle payloads . . Advanced Technology Laboratory RT Spacelab Advanced Technology Light Twin aircraft USE ATLIT project advanced test reactors UF ATR reactor GS nuclear reactors . nuclear research and test reactors . . advanced test reactors Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (added July 1988) DEF A five channel scanning instrument that quantitatively measures electromagnetic radiation. UF AVHRR GS measuring instruments . radiation measuring instruments . . actinometers . . . radiometers . . . . infrared detectors . . . . . infrared radiometers . . . . . Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer . . infrared instruments . . . infrared detectors . . . . infrared radiometers . . . . Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer . satellite-borne instruments . . Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer RT infrared instruments NOAA 6 satellite NOAA 7 satellite NOAA 8 satellite NOAA 11 satellite NOAA 12 satellite remote sensors TIROS N series satellites Advanced Vidicon Camera System (AVCS) UF AVCS GS communication equipment . Advanced Vidicon Camera System (AVCS) television systems . Advanced Vidicon Camera SystemCS) RT# systems video equipment vidicons Advanced X Ray Astrophysics Facility USE X Ray Astrophysics Facility advancing glaciers USE glaciers advancing shorelines USE beaches advection DEF The process of transport of an atmospheric property solely by the mass motion of the atmosphere; also, the rate of change of the value of the advected property at a given point. RT atmospheric circulation convection heat transfer mixing layers (fluids) Peclet number Advent Project GS programs . projects . . Advent Project RT active satellites communication satellites Courier satellite Relay satellites AE-A satellite USE Explorer 17 satellite AE-B satellite USE Explorer 32 satellite AE-C satellite USE Explorer 51 satellite AE-D satellite USE Explorer 54 satellite AE-E satellite USE Explorer 55 satellite aeolian tones RT elastic waves frequencies Karman vortex street noise (sound) sound waves wind (meteorology) aeolotropism GS tropism . aeolotropism RT anisotropy AEPS UF Advanced EVA Protection Systems GS support systems . life support systems . . emergency life sustaining systems . . . AEPS . . portable life support systems . . . AEPS RT Columbus space station extravehicular activity lunar bases Mars landing oxygen supply equipment space shuttles space stations survival equipment aeration RT agitation beneficiation blowing bubbles corrosion prevention degassing dissolved gases dissolving entrainment mixers mixing oxygenation purification # separation spraying stirring suspending (mixing) water treatment aerial acrobatics USE aerobatics aerial explosions SN (LIMITED TO EXPLOSIONS OCCURRING AT HEIGHTS LESS THAN 50 KM) UF air blasts GS explosions . aerial explosions RT blast loads chemical explosions nuclear explosions thermonuclear explosions aerial imagery USE aerial photography aerial photography UF aerial imagery GS imagery . photography . . aerial photography RT astronomical photography change detection cloud photographs cloud photography color photography Earth observations (from space) Earth Resources Survey aircraft forest fire detection geographic information systems gray scale ground truth ice mapping image motion compensation infrared photography orthophotography photogeology photogrammetry photointerpretation photomapping photomaps pixels plant stress rocket-borne photography satellite-borne photography sea truth spaceborne photography stereophotography timber inventory ultraviolet photography aerial reconnaissance GS reconnaissance . aerial reconnaissance . . Airborne Integrated Reconnaissance System RT aeromagnetism change detection Earth Resources Survey aircraft ground truth HS-801 aircraft infrared radiometers meteorological flight photoreconnaissance reconnaissance aircraft reconnaissance spacecraft thermal mapping aerial rudders GS airfoils . aerial rudders control surfaces . rudders . . aerial rudders RT fins horizontal tail surfaces marine rudders stabilizers (fluid dynamics) tabs (control surfaces) tail assemblies aeroacoustics GS acoustics . aeroacoustics RT aerodynamics # aeronautics aircraft noise flow noise grazing flow noise prediction (aircraft) propeller noise # science screech tones surface noise interactions aeroassist DEF Changing orbit size by utilizing aerobraking, aerocapture, or aeromaneuvering. RT aerobraking aerocapture aeromaneuvering atmospheric entry interplanetary transfer orbits transfer orbits aerobatics UF acrobatics (aircraft) aerial acrobatics stunt flying RT flight control formation flying maneuvers Aerobee rocket vehicle GS rocket vehicles . sounding rockets . . Aerobee rocket vehicle aerobes RT anaerobes bacteria microorganisms sewage treatment aerobiology DEF The study of the distribution of living organisms freely suspended in the atmosphere. RT air pollution airborne infection # biology environment pollution pollen aerobraking DEF Changing orbit size by using the upper atmosphere to create drag. RT aeroassist aerocapture aeromaneuvering interplanetary transfer orbits transfer orbits aerocapture DEF Making use of the atmosphere of a planet or planetary satellite by capturing the object and reducing the orbit size so that it remains in orbit or lands on the body. RT aeroassist aerobraking aeromaneuvering atmospheric entry interplanetary transfer orbits transfer orbits aerodontalgia USE tooth diseases aerodynamic axis USE aerodynamic balance aerodynamic balance UF aerodynamic axis aerodynamic center drag balance trim (balance) GS aerodynamic characteristics . aerodynamic balance balance . aerodynamic balance RT aircraft stability dynamic characteristics horizontal flight lift drag ratio mass distribution spacecraft motion spacecraft stability static aerodynamic characteristics turning flight aerodynamic brakes GS brakes (for arresting motion) . aerodynamic brakes . . ballutes . . drag chutes . . split flaps . . wing flaps . . . leading edge flaps . . . leading edge slats . . . trailing edge flaps . . . vortex flaps drag devices . aerodynamic brakes . . ballutes . . drag chutes . . split flaps . . wing flaps . . . leading edge flaps . . . leading edge slats . . . trailing edge flaps . . . vortex flaps RT aircraft brakes control surfaces flaperons flaps (control surfaces) parachutes parafoils retractable equipment spoilers aerodynamic buzz USE flutter aerodynamic center USE aerodynamic balance aerodynamic characteristics GS aerodynamic characteristics . aerodynamic balance . aerodynamic drag . . supersonic drag . aerodynamic stability . interference drag . lift . . interference lift . . jet lift . . rotor lift . . zero lift . static aerodynamic characteristics RT aerodynamic noise angle of attack aspect ratio # characteristics cross flow dynamic characteristics engine airframe integration flight envelopes induced drag rotor body interactions under surface blowing unsteady aerodynamics upper surface blowing wind tunnel tests aerodynamic chords USE airfoil profiles chords (geometry) aerodynamic coefficients DEF Any nondimensional coefficients relating to aerodynamic forces or moments, such as a coefficient of drag, a coefficient of lift, etc. Used for lift coefficients. UF lift coefficients GS coefficients . aerodynamic coefficients RT# drag coefficients flow coefficients flow distortion force distribution lift lift drag ratio pitching moments pressure distribution rolling moments yawing moments aerodynamic configurations SN (LIMITED TO AERODYNAMIC VEHICLE SHAPES--FOR LIFTING OR THRUSTING SURFACES USE AIRFOILS) GS aerodynamic configurations . body-wing and tail configurations . body-wing configurations . . blended-wing-body configurations . aeroshells . canard configurations . drooped airfoils . waveriders . wing nacelle configurations RT aircraft configurations aircraft design airfoils blunt bodies bodies of revolution channel wings cones # configurations control surfaces # design disks (shapes) drag engine airframe integration fairings finned bodies half cones # hemispheres intake systems launch vehicle configurations lift lifting bodies missile configurations monoplanes nacelles nose tips oblique wings propulsion system configurations protuberances pylon mounting Reynolds equation ring structures rotor body interactions satellite configurations scale models semispan models slender bodies slender cones spacecraft configurations spheres strakes streamlined bodies three dimensional bodies wedges wind tunnel models wing roots aerodynamic drag GS aerodynamic characteristics . aerodynamic drag . . supersonic drag aerodynamic forces . aerodynamic drag . . supersonic drag dynamic characteristics . drag . . friction drag . . . aerodynamic drag . . . supersonic drag friction . flow resistance . . friction drag . . . aerodynamic drag . . . supersonic drag . skin friction . . friction drag . . . aerodynamic drag . . . supersonic drag RT ballistics base pressure # drag coefficients drag measurement drag reduction ground effect (aerodynamics) hypersonic forces induced drag lift lift drag ratio orbit decay pressure drag # resistance satellite drag turbulence vortex flaps aerodynamic forces DEF The force exerted by a moving gaseous fluid upon a body completely immersed in it. Used for Glauert coefficient. UF Glauert coefficient GS aerodynamic forces . aerodynamic drag . . supersonic drag . aerodynamic interference . aerodynamic loads . . blast loads . . gust loads . hypersonic forces . lift . . interference lift . . jet lift . . rotor lift . . zero lift . wing loading RT# force leading edge thrust thrust distribution unsteady aerodynamics aerodynamic heat transfer GS transmission . heat transmission . . heat transfer . . . aerodynamic heat transfer . . . . hypersonic heat transfer . . . . supersonic heat transfer RT ablation aerothermodynamics turbulent heat transfer aerodynamic heating DEF The heating of a body produced by the passage of air or other gases over its surface. GS heating . kinetic heating . . aerodynamic heating . . . shock heating RT ablation aerodynamics aerothermochemistry aerothermodynamics atmospheric entry boundary layer plasmas compressible fluids convective heat transfer hypersonic reentry reentry reentry effects reentry shielding skin friction skin temperature (non-biological) transient heating uncontrolled reentry (spacecraft) aerodynamic interference GS aerodynamic forces . aerodynamic interference RT aerodynamics air flow aircraft configurations aircraft structures airfoil profiles control surfaces # interference protuberances rotor stator interactions turbulent flow wing profiles aerodynamic lift USE lift aerodynamic loads GS aerodynamic forces . aerodynamic loads . . blast loads . . gust loads loads (forces) . dynamic loads . . aerodynamic loads . . . blast loads . . . gust loads RT axial compression loads axial loads compression loads critical loading edge loading force distribution loading moments pressure distribution shock loads static loads structural design criteria thrust loads transient loads vibratory loads wing loading aerodynamic moments USE stability derivatives aerodynamic noise UF boundary layer noise GS elastic waves . sound waves . . noise (sound) . . . flow noise . . . . aerodynamic noise . . . . . blade slap noise . . . . . propeller noise . . . . . screech tones RT acoustic retrofitting aerodynamic characteristics aeroelasticity aircraft noise flutter jet aircraft noise noise measurement noise reduction panel flutter shock waves sonic booms surface noise interactions aerodynamic stability UF flying platform stability GS aerodynamic characteristics . aerodynamic stability dynamic characteristics . dynamic stability . . motion stability . . . aerodynamic stability stability . dynamic stability . . motion stability . . . aerodynamic stability RT aeroelasticity aircraft stability airfoil oscillations attitude stability ballast (mass) boundary layer stability buffeting directional stability dynamic tests flight envelopes flight stability tests flow stability flutter ground resonance helicopter performance hovering lateral stability liquid sloshing longitudinal stability low speed stability mass distribution pilot induced oscillation pressure distribution reentry Richardson number spacecraft motion spacecraft stability stability augmentation static aerodynamic characteristics turbulence effects unsteady aerodynamics vortex avoidance wind tunnel stability tests wing oscillations wing rock yaw aerodynamic stalling RT aircraft performance aircraft spin airspeed angle of attack boundary layer separation lift drag ratio low speed stability rotating stalls # stalling sweep angle zero lift aerodynamic vehicles USE aircraft aerodynamics DEF The science that deals with the motion of air and other gaseous fluids, and the forces acting on bodies when the bodies move through such fluids, or when such fluids move against or around the bodies. Used for hydroaeromechanics. UF hydroaeromechanics GS fluid mechanics . fluid dynamics . . gas dynamics . . . aerodynamics . . . . aerothermodynamics . . . . hypersonics . . . . rotor aerodynamics . . . . supersonics . . . . unsteady aerodynamics RT aeroacoustics aerodynamic heating aerodynamic interference aeroelasticity aeronautical engineering # aeronautics # aerospace sciences # aircraft airfoils blunt bodies bodies of revolution boundary layer control compressible flow control surfaces drag # dynamics # flight flight characteristics flight mechanics # flow flow theory free wing aircraft ground effect (aerodynamics) hypersonic flight hypersonic flow incompressible flow inviscid flow laminar flow lift Mach number Mach-Zehnder interferometers reentry # science slender bodies subsonic flow supersonic flow thermodynamics transonic flow turbulent flow uniform flow unsteady flow viscous flow wind measurement wind tunnels aeroelastic research wings DEF Wings that are designed with less than normal stiffness to test devices that suppress flutter. GS airfoils . wings . . aeroelastic research wings RT aircraft design flutter flutter analysis structural design wing oscillations aeroelasticity DEF The study of the response of structurally elastic bodies to aerodynamic loads. GS mechanical properties . elastic properties . . aeroelasticity . . . aeroservoelasticity . . . aerothermoelasticity RT aerodynamic noise aerodynamic stability aerodynamics aerothermodynamics aircraft structures airfoil oscillations DAST program flutter influence coefficient panel flutter rigid wings thermoelasticity unsteady aerodynamics wing loading aeroembolism DEF The formation or liberation of gases in the blood vessels of the body, as brought on by a too-rapid change from a high, or relatively high, atmospheric pressure to a lower one. GS embolisms . aeroembolism RT altitude sickness decompression sickness fat embolisms stress (physiology) aerogels (added June 1990) RT foams gels porous materials silica gel xerogels aerogyro helicopters USE XH-51 helicopter aerology DEF The study of the free atmosphere throughout its vertical extent, as distinguished from studies confined to the layer of the atmosphere adjacent to the Earth's surface. GS meteorology . aerology RT Atmospheric & Oceanographic Inform Sys Global Atmospheric Research Program meteorological parameters polar meteorology sea breeze wind (meteorology) aeromagnetism RT aerial reconnaissance geomagnetism magnetic anomalies magnetic surveys magnetic variations remote sensing aeromagneto flutter USE flutter aeromaneuvering DEF Changing orbit size or plane or both by entering the upper atmosphere to create drag or lift or both. RT aeroassist aerobraking aerocapture aeroshells atmospheric entry interplanetary transfer orbits transfer orbits Aeromaneuvering Orbit to Orbit Shuttle DEF Proposed reusable upper stage for the Space Shuttle superseded by the orbit transfer vehicle. Used for AMOOS. UF AMOOS GS orbit transfer vehicles . Aeromaneuvering Orbit to Orbit Shuttle RT Orbit Maneuvering Engine (Space Shuttle) orbital mechanics reusable launch vehicles space shuttles aeronautical engineering GS aerospace engineering . aeronautical engineering RT aerodynamics # aeronautics # aircraft aircraft design aircraft industry auxiliary propulsion compound helicopters # engineering functional design specifications mechanical engineering propulsion structural engineering aeronautical satellites GS artificial satellites . communication satellites . . aeronautical satellites . . . Aerosat satellites RT# aeronautics air traffic control aircraft approach spacing aircraft communication ground-air-ground communication rescue operations satellite networks # aeronautics SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) UF aviation RT aeroacoustics aerodynamics aeronautical engineering aeronautical satellites aerospace engineering # aerospace sciences air law # aircraft airports avionics civil aviation # flight general aviation aircraft human factors engineering # military aviation # science TACT program aeronomy DEF The study of the upper regions of the atmosphere where ionization, dissociation, and chemical reactions take place. RT airglow Alpine meteorology atmospheric composition atmospheric physics auroras DIAL satellite field aligned currents flux transfer events geophysics magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling mesometeorology meteorology Nozomi Mars Orbiter polar cusps upper atmosphere aerophysics USE atmospheric physics aeroquatic vehicles RT aircraft design attack aircraft # military vehicles underwater propulsion underwater vehicles AEROS satellite GS artificial satellites . meteorological satellites . . AEROS satellite . synchronous satellites . . AEROS satellite Aerosat satellites GS artificial satellites . communication satellites . . aeronautical satellites . . . Aerosat satellites . ESA satellites . . Aerosat satellites . navigation satellites . . Aerosat satellites . synchronous satellites . . Aerosat satellites ESA spacecraft . ESA satellites . . Aerosat satellites RT European space programs satellite networks aeroservoelasticity (added September 1993) UF ASE (aerodynamics) GS mechanical properties . elastic properties . . aeroelasticity . . . aeroservoelasticity RT active control actuators airfoil oscillations dynamic control dynamic response dynamic structural analysis flutter servocontrol unsteady aerodynamics aeroshells (added May 1999) DEF Aerodynamic structural shells that attach to, or comprise a portion of, the exterior of an aerospace vehicle or space probe; especially such structures that support atmospheric entry, aerobraking, aeroassist, or hypersonic flight. GS aerodynamic configurations . aeroshells RT aeromaneuvering nose cones reentry vehicles spacecraft design spacecraft shielding spacecraft structures aerosinusitis GS diseases . respiratory diseases . . aerosinusitis RT aerospace medicine altitude sickness aerosols DEF Dispersions of solid or liquid particles in gaseous media. GS mixtures . dispersions . . colloids . . . aerosols . . . . fog . . liquid-gas mixtures . . . aerosols . . . . fog particles . aerosols . . fog RT air pollution Aitken nuclei atmospheric effects atomizing condensation nuclei crop dusting dust entrainment environment pollution environmental surveys exhaust clouds fog dispersal fumes gas atomization mist mixers particulates photophoresis pollution transport SAGE satellite smoke smoke abatement spraying thermophoresis aerospace engineering UF space systems engineering GS aerospace engineering . aeronautical engineering RT# aeronautics # aerospace sciences # aircraft # engineering mechanical engineering missile design structural engineering aerospace environments SN (EXCLUDES SPACECRAFT INTRAVEHICULAR ENVIRONMENTS) UF space environment GS environments . aerospace environments . . cislunar space . . deep space . . . interplanetary space . . . interstellar space . . Earth orbital environments RT# aerospace sciences argon-oxygen atmospheres # astronautics bioastronautics bioprocessing biosatellites cosmic rays Earth atmosphere electromagnetic radiation exobiology extraterrestrial environments extraterrestrial life extraterrestrial radiation extravehicular activity geophysical fluid flow cells hazardous material disposal (in space) helium-oxygen atmospheres Jupiter atmosphere life support systems lunar environment manned space flight Mars atmosphere Neptune atmosphere panspermia planetary environments radiation belts solar radiation space exploration space flight space habitats space manufacturing space weather space weathering spaceborne experiments spacecraft cabin simulators thermal environments Uranus atmosphere vacuum Venus atmosphere aerospace industry GS industries . aerospace industry . . aircraft industry RT# aircraft commercial spacecraft space commercialization aerospace medicine DEF That branch of medicine dealing with the effects of flight through the atmosphere or in space upon the human body and with the prevention or cure of physiological or psychological malfunctions arising from these effects. UF space medicine GS medical science . aerospace medicine . . aviation psychology . . space psychology RT acceleration stresses (physiology) aerosinusitis # aerospace sciences altitude sickness bioastronautics biofeedback # biology biomedical data Chlorella closed ecological systems electrolyte metabolism fasting flight fatigue gravitational physiology head down tilt head movement head up tilt hindlimb suspension # medicine mobile quarantine facility motion sickness radiology # science space adaptation syndrome spacecraft environments sports medicine telemedicine weightlessness aerospace planes GS aerospace vehicles . aerospace planes . . HOPE aerospace plane . . HOTOL launch vehicle . . VentureStar launch vehicle . . X-30 vehicle . . X-37 vehicle . . X-40A vehicle maneuverable spacecraft . aerospace planes . . HOPE aerospace plane . . HOTOL launch vehicle . . VentureStar launch vehicle . . X-30 vehicle . . X-37 vehicle . . X-40A vehicle reentry vehicles . recoverable spacecraft . . reusable spacecraft . . . aerospace planes . . . . HOPE aerospace plane . . . . HOTOL launch vehicle . . . . VentureStar launch vehicle . . . . X-30 vehicle . . . . X-37 vehicle . . . . X-40A vehicle soft landing spacecraft . aerospace planes . . HOPE aerospace plane . . HOTOL launch vehicle . . VentureStar launch vehicle . . X-30 vehicle . . X-37 vehicle . . X-40A vehicle RT# aircraft Astro vehicle boostglide vehicles Buran space shuttle Delta Clipper gliders hypersonic aircraft hypersonic gliders launch vehicles lifting reentry vehicles liquid air cycle engines military spacecraft National Aerospace Plane Program research aircraft rocket planes Saenger space transportation system transatmospheric vehicles X-20 aircraft aerospace safety DEF The engineering assessment and analysis of systems, subsystems, and functions of spacecraft, missiles, advanced aircraft and ground support in order to identify hazards associated with such systems and to design procedures that eliminate those hazards or determine tolerable safety levels. GS safety . aerospace safety RT accident prevention aircraft safety flight safety range safety safety factors safety management space weather # aerospace sciences SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) UF space sciences RT aerodynamics # aeronautics aerospace engineering aerospace environments aerospace medicine aerospace systems astronomy Committee on Space Research environmental engineering extraterrestrial radiation International Space Year space laboratories aerospace systems RT# aerospace sciences control systems design missile systems # systems systems engineering aerospace technology transfer DEF Technology transfer germane to aircraft and space vehicles, their propulsion, guidance, etc. GS technology transfer . aerospace technology transfer RT Canadian space program information flow reports technological forecasting technology utilization aerospace vehicles DEF Vehicles capable of flight within and outside the sensible atmosphere. GS aerospace vehicles . aerospace planes . . HOPE aerospace plane . . HOTOL launch vehicle . . VentureStar launch vehicle . . X-30 vehicle . . X-37 vehicle . . X-40A vehicle . flexible spacecraft . X-43 vehicle RT# aircraft commercial spacecraft # spacecraft transatmospheric vehicles aerospike engines (added July 1997) DEF Rocket engines incorporating a radial in-flow (aerospike) nozzle for altitude compensation. Since the nozzle is open to the ambient atmosphere, the plume compensates for decreasing atmospheric pressure as the vehicle ascends. GS engines . rocket engines . . aerospike engines RT nozzle design plug nozzles propulsion system configurations rocket engine design rocket exhaust rocket nozzles spike nozzles VentureStar launch vehicle aerostatics GS statics . aerostatics RT buoyancy # dynamics # equilibrium fluid mechanics hydrostatics aerostats USE airships aerothermochemistry GS environmental chemistry . aerothermochemistry thermochemistry . aerothermochemistry RT ablation aerodynamic heating aerothermodynamics atmospheric chemistry chemical engineering # chemistry nozzle flow physical chemistry pyrometallurgy reentry physics reentry shielding reentry vehicles aerothermodynamics DEF The study of aerodynamic phenomena at sufficiently high gas velocities that thermodynamic properties of the gas are important. GS fluid mechanics . fluid dynamics . . gas dynamics . . . aerodynamics . . . . aerothermodynamics thermodynamics . aerothermodynamics RT aerodynamic heat transfer aerodynamic heating aeroelasticity aerothermochemistry ASSET project boundary layer plasmas # chemistry combustion physics # dynamics hypersonic heat transfer hypersonic reentry hypersonics Rankine-Hugoniot relation reentry reentry physics # science skin temperature (non-biological) supersonics thermoelasticity aerothermoelasticity DEF The study of the response of elastic structures to the combined effects of aerodynamic heating and loading. GS mechanical properties . elastic properties . . aeroelasticity . . . aerothermoelasticity . . thermoelasticity . . . aerothermoelasticity aerozine DEF A rocket fuel consisting of a mixture of hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH). GS propellants . rocket propellants . . liquid rocket propellants . . . aerozine RT dimethylhydrazines hydrazines AFC (control) USE automatic frequency control AFCS (control system) USE automatic flight control affects USE effects afferent nervous systems GS anatomy . nervous system . . afferent nervous systems RT sensorimotor performance # systems affinity GS affinity . electron affinity . negative electron affinity RT attraction chemical compatibility compatibility Afghanistan GS nations . Afghanistan RT Asia AFM (microscopy) USE atomic force microscopy Africa GS continents . Africa RT African rift system Algeria Angola Arcomsat Benin Botswana Burkina Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville) Cote d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of Congo Djibouti Egypt Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Kalahari Basin (Africa) Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Libyan desert Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Middle East Morocco Mozambique Namibia nations Niger Nigeria Red Sea Republic of South Africa Rwanda Sahara Desert (Africa) Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Spanish Sahara Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe African rift system GS geological faults . African rift system RT Africa # systems afterbodies DEF Companion bodies that trail satellites. Sections or pieces of rockets or spacecraft that enter the atmosphere unprotected behind nose cones or other bodies that are protected for entry. Afterparts of vehicles. Used for cylindrical afterbodies and sterns. UF cylindrical afterbodies sterns RT aircraft structures base heating boattails # bodies centerbodies conical bodies cylindrical bodies flared bodies forebodies skirts swing tail assemblies tail assemblies afterburners USE afterburning afterburning DEF Irregular burning of fuel left in the firing chamber of a rocket after cutoff. The function of an afterburner, a device for augmenting the thrust of a jet engine by burning additional fuel in the uncombined oxygen in the gases from the turbine. Used for afterburners. UF afterburners GS combustion . afterburning RT burners exhaust systems infrared suppression internal combustion engines J-57 engine jet engines thrust augmentation afterglows DEF Broad, high arches of radiance or glow seen occasionally in the western sky above the highest clouds in deepening twilight, caused by the scattering effect of very fine particles of dust suspended in the upper atmosphere. Also, the transient decay of a plasma after the power has been turned off. GS afterglows . helium afterglow . oxygen afterglow RT atmospheric ionization gas discharges gas ionization light scattering luminescence phosphorescence plasma decay afterimages GS images . afterimages RT critical flicker fusion illusions psychological effects sensory perception visual perception AGB stars USE asymptotic giant branch stars AGC (control) USE automatic gain control age determination USE chronology age factor RT aging (biology) gerontology life span age hardening USE precipitation hardening Agena A rocket vehicle GS rocket vehicles . single stage rocket vehicles . . Agena rocket vehicles . . . Agena A rocket vehicle RT Discoverer satellites Thor Agena launch vehicle Agena B Ranger Program GS programs . NASA programs . . NASA space programs . . . Ranger project . . . . Agena B Ranger Program . projects . . Ranger project . . . Agena B Ranger Program . space programs . . NASA space programs . . . Ranger project . . . . Agena B Ranger Program RT Thor Agena launch vehicle Agena B rocket vehicle GS rocket vehicles . single stage rocket vehicles . . Agena rocket vehicles . . . Agena B rocket vehicle RT Discoverer satellites Echo satellites EGO Gemini project Mariner program OAO POGO Ranger project Agena C rocket vehicle GS rocket vehicles . single stage rocket vehicles . . Agena rocket vehicles . . . Agena C rocket vehicle Agena D rocket vehicle GS rocket vehicles . single stage rocket vehicles . . Agena rocket vehicles . . . Agena D rocket vehicle Agena rocket vehicles GS rocket vehicles . single stage rocket vehicles . . Agena rocket vehicles . . . Agena A rocket vehicle . . . Agena B rocket vehicle . . . Agena C rocket vehicle . . . Agena D rocket vehicle RT Atlas Agena B launch vehicle Atlas Agena launch vehicles Discoverer satellites Echo satellites Gemini project Mariner program Ranger project Thor Agena launch vehicle # agents SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT accelerating agents additives anticoagulants antifouling antioxidants diluents neutralizers opacifiers oxidizers penetrants preservatives stabilizers (agents) surfactants agglomeration RT accumulations atomic clusters cementation clumps coagulation coalescing compacting concentrating crystallization densification flocculating galactic clusters lumping metal clusters micelles molecular clusters plugging precipitation (chemistry) # separation settling sintering Virgo galactic cluster agglutination GS bonding . agglutination RT adhesion adhesive bonding adhesives cementation chemical bonds cohesion aggregates RT concrete structures concretes # construction materials dolomite (mineral) gravels lava limestone micelles rocks sands slags # aging SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT aging (biology) aging (materials) aging (metallurgy) radioactive age determination aging (biology) RT age factor # aging # biology geriatrics gerontology life sciences life span mortality physiology aging (materials) GS aging (materials) . aging (metallurgy) RT# aging hardening (materials) # materials mechanical properties microstructure strain hardening aging (metallurgy) GS aging (materials) . aging (metallurgy) RT# aging hardening (materials) heat treatment microstructure solid solutions strain hardening supercooling time temperature parameter agitation GS agitation . ultrasonic agitation RT aeration blowing chemical reaction control coalescing colloiding dispersing disposal homogenizing mixers mixing # separation settling shaking sizing screens splashing suspending (mixing) swirling turbulent mixing vortices water treatment agreements RT contracts conventions insurance (contracts) subcontracts agricultural aircraft DEF Light aircraft specially equipped for agricultural applications such as crop dusting. UF Snow aerial applicator aircraft S-2B Snow S-2 aircraft GS general aviation aircraft . agricultural aircraft RT agriculture # aircraft AN-2 aircraft crop dusting light aircraft swath width agriculture GS agriculture . aquiculture . silviculture RT agricultural aircraft AgRISTARS project agroclimatology agrometeorology agrophysical units alfalfa barley # biology botany citrus trees conservation corn crop dusting crop growth crop identification crop inventories crop vigor # crops farm crops farmlands fruits grasslands Great Plains Corridor (North America) halophiles hay hydrocarbon fuel production hydroponics irrigation Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment leguminous plants oats orchards plant diseases plant stress planting plants (botany) plowing plows rural areas rural land use soil science sorghum sugar beets sugar cane sunflowers tomatoes tractors vegetation growth vineyards AgRISTARS project DEF A multiagency program utilizing Landsat remote sensing data to predict crop yields, land use, and detect pollution. Used for Crop Inventories by Remote Sensing. UF Crop Inventories by Remote Sensing GS programs . projects . . AgRISTARS project RT agriculture agrophysical units crop inventories farm crops fresh water land use Landsat satellites meteorological satellites NASA programs remote sensors vegetative index agroclimatology GS climatology . agroclimatology RT agriculture agrometeorology hydroclimatology meteorological parameters meteorology microclimatology agrometeorology GS meteorology . agrometeorology RT agriculture agroclimatology hydrometeorology micrometeorology thermal resources tropical meteorology agrophysical units DEF Geographic areas defined for statistical purposes by AgRISTARS personnel whose boundaries are based on natural rather than political lines for the purpose of comparing similar agricultural regions. RT agriculture AgRISTARS project farmlands Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment AGT USE automated guideway transit vehicles AH-1G helicopter DEF US Army designation for the Bell Model 209 Hueycobra attack helicopter powered by a single Avco Lycoming T53-L-13 turboshaft engine. GS attack aircraft . AH-1G helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . military helicopters . . . . AH-1G helicopter RT# military aircraft AH-1S helicopter (added April 1997) GS attack aircraft . AH-1S helicopter Bell aircraft . AH-1S helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . military helicopters . . . . AH-1S helicopter RT# aircraft # military aircraft AH-1W helicopter (added April 1997) UF SuperCobra GS attack aircraft . AH-1W helicopter Bell aircraft . AH-1W helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . military helicopters . . . . AH-1W helicopter RT# aircraft # military aircraft AH-63 helicopter GS attack aircraft . AH-63 helicopter Bell aircraft . AH-63 helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . military helicopters . . . . AH-63 helicopter RT# military aircraft AH-64 helicopter GS attack aircraft . AH-64 helicopter Hughes aircraft . AH-64 helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . military helicopters . . . . AH-64 helicopter RT# military aircraft # aids SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT landing aids navigation aids visual aids AIDS (disease) USE acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ailerons GS airfoils . ailerons . . flaperons . . spoiler slot ailerons control surfaces . ailerons . . flaperons . . spoiler slot ailerons RT elevators (control surfaces) elevons lateral control tabs (control surfaces) AIMP-1 USE Explorer 33 satellite AIMP-2 USE Explorer 35 satellite AIMP-D USE Explorer 33 satellite AIMP-E USE Explorer 35 satellite air DEF The mixture of gases comprising the Earth's atmosphere. GS gases . gas mixtures . . air . . . alveolar air . . . compressed air . . . expired air . . . high temperature air . . . liquid air mixtures . solutions . . gas mixtures . . . air . . . alveolar air . . . compressed air . . . . expired air . . . . high temperature air . . . liquid air RT air data systems # atmospheres atmospheric composition Earth atmosphere environments middle atmosphere air bag restraint devices GS bags . air bag restraint devices expandable structures . inflatable structures . . air bag restraint devices safety devices . air bag restraint devices RT accident prevention accidents automobiles collisions crashes # devices highways pneumatic equipment safety air bearings USE gas bearings air blasts USE aerial explosions air breathing boosters DEF Boosters which are possible substitutes for rocket engines and which have inlets for oxygen sources for their engines rather than carrying their own oxygen as in a conventional rocket. RT air breathing engines booster rocket engines # boosters rocket-based combined-cycle engines air breathing engines GS engines . air breathing engines . . gas turbine engines . . . hydrogen engines . . . jet engines . . . . ramjet engines . . . . integral rocket ramjets . . . . . low volume ramjet engines . . . . . pulsejet engines . . . . . supersonic combustion ramjet engines . . . . . turboramjet engines . . . . turbojet engines . . . . . Bristol-Siddeley Olympus 593 engine . . . . . Bristol-Siddeley Viper engine . . . . ducted fan engines . . . . J-33 engine . . . . J-34 engine . . . . J-47 engine . . . . J-52 engine . . . . J-57 engine . . . . . J-58 engine . . . . . J-65 engine . . . . . J-69-T-25 engine . . . . . J-71 engine . . . . . J-73 engine . . . . . J-75 engine . . . . . J-79 engine . . . . . J-85 engine . . . . . J-93 engine . . . . . RA-28 engine . . . . . turbofan engines . . . . . . Bristol-Siddeley BS 53 engine . . . . . . CF-700 engine . . . . . . convertible fan-shaft engines . . . . . J-97 engine . . . . . . TF-30 engine . . . . . . TF-34 engine . . . . . . TF-41 engine . . . . . turboprop engines . . . . . . T-34 engine . . . . . . T-38 engine . . . . . . T-53 engine . . . . . . T-55 engine . . . . . . T-56 engine . . . . . . T-63 engine . . . . . . T-64 engine . . . . . . T-74 engine . . . . . . T-76 engine . . . . . . T-78 engine . . . . . turboramjet engines . . . T-58 engine RT air breathing boosters pulse detonation engines rocket-based combined-cycle engines air cargo UF air freight GS cargo . air cargo . . air mail RT airdrops airfield surface movements airline operations baggage cargo aircraft ground handling heavy lift helicopters air conditioning DEF The simultaneous control of all, or at least three, of those factors affecting both the physical and chemical conditions of the atmosphere within any structure. These factors include temperature, humidity, motion, distribution, dust, bacteria, odor, and toxic gases. RT blowers comfort condensers (liquefiers) controlled atmospheres coolants coolers cooling cooling systems # diffusers exhaust systems freon heat pumps heating heating equipment humidity infiltration life support systems Modular Integrated Utility System refrigerants refrigerating refrigerating machinery space heating (buildings) temperature temperature control temperature distribution thermal insulation # treatment ventilation air conditioning equipment RT absorbents absorbers (equipment) adsorbents blowers compressors condensers (liquefiers) coolers cooling systems # diffusers # equipment evaporators # fans heat pumps heating equipment oxygen supply equipment refrigerating machinery air conductivity RT atmospheric conductivity electrical resistivity thermal conductivity air cooling SN (COOLING WITH AIR) GS cooling . air cooling RT coolants coolers cooling systems liquid cooling refrigerating ventilation air currents GS fluid flow . gas flow . . air flow . . . air currents . . . . jet streams (meteorology) . . . . meridional flow . . . . vertical air currents RT atmospheric circulation barotropic flow boundary layer flow boundary layer transition Brunt-Vaisala frequency convection clouds convection currents # currents ground wind lee waves sea breeze upstream wind (meteorology) windpower utilization zonal flow (meteorology) air cushion landing systems DEF Landing systems based on the ground effect principle whereby a stratum of air is utilized as the aircraft ground contacting medium (in place of landing gear). RT aircraft landing cushions ground effect (aerodynamics) skid landings # systems air cushion vehicles USE ground effect machines air data systems SN (LIMITED TO FLIGHT DATA SYSTEMS) DEF Sets of aerodynamic and thermodynamic sensors, and a computer which provide flight characteristics such as airspeed, static pressure, air temperature and Mach number. GS data systems . air data systems RT air # aircraft # spacecraft tables (data) wind tunnel tests air defense GS air defense . antimissile defense . SAGE air defense system RT antiradiation missiles Ballistic Missile Early Warning System camouflage civil defense deception # defense defense program DMSP satellites early warning systems electronic warfare jammers optical countermeasures sabotage space surveillance (ground based) space surveillance (spaceborne) weapons delivery Air Density Explorer A USE Explorer 19 satellite Air Density/Injun Explorer B USE Explorer 25 satellite air drop operations RT bailout ballutes cargo delivery free fall # operations parachutes parawings air ducts GS ducts . air ducts RT annular ducts blowers exhaust nozzles # fans gas flow ventilators air filters GS cleaners . air filters separators . fluid filters . . air filters RT cooling systems dust collectors # filters precipitators ventilation air flow GS fluid flow . gas flow . . air flow . . . air currents . . . . jet streams (meteorology) . . . . meridional flow . . . . vertical air currents RT aerodynamic interference atmospheric boundary layer barotropic flow Brunt-Vaisala frequency compressible flow # currents duct geometry ducted flow streamlining streams ventilation air freight USE air cargo air inlets USE air intakes air intakes UF air inlets GS intake systems . air intakes . . engine inlets . . hypersonic inlets . . inlet airframe configurations . . supersonic inlets RT bypass ratio conical inlets cowlings inlet nozzles inlet temperature internal compression inlets manifolds nacelles nose inlets plenum chambers scoops side inlets superchargers supersonic diffusers ventilation ventilators # water intakes air jets GS fluid flow . jet flow . . air jets fluid jets . air jets RT gas flow gas jets jet streams (meteorology) # jets vapor jets air land interactions RT atmospheric boundary layer atmospheric circulation Earth cryosphere gas-solid interactions # interactions land surface temperature meteorology air launching GS launching . air launching RT multistage rocket vehicles Pegasus air-launched booster piggyback systems X-34 reusable launch vehicle air law DEF The body of domestic and/or international laws dealing with regulations and liabilities in civil or military aviation. GS law (jurisprudence) . international law . . air law RT# aeronautics airspace civil aviation conventions insurance (contracts) legal liability liabilities # military aviation National Airspace Utilization System penalties politics public law regulations space law air locks DEF A stoppage or diminution of flow in a fuel system, hydraulic system, or the like, caused by pockets of air or vapor. Also chambers capable of being hermetically sealed that provide for passage between two places of different pressure as between an altitude chamber and the outside atmosphere. GS compartments . air locks . . airlock modules RT doors egress enclosures hatches ingress (spacecraft passageway) # locks pressure chambers seals (stoppers) air mail GS cargo . air cargo . . air mail air masses DEF Large widespread volumes of air having particular characteristics of temperature and moisture content that were acquired at its source region and are modified as they move away from their source. RT anticyclones atmospheric circulation Brunt-Vaisala frequency cold fronts fronts (meteorology) meteorology synoptic meteorology warm fronts weather forecasting windpower utilization air navigation DEF The art, science, or action of plotting and directing the course of an aircraft through the air from one place to another. GS navigation . air navigation . . all-weather air navigation . . area navigation . . nap-of-the-earth navigation . . . terrain following RT astronavigation boresight error celestial navigation celestial reference systems collision avoidance # control dead reckoning digital navigation Doppler navigation flight instruments flight management systems flight paths flight plans flight rules formation flying guidance (motion) hyperbolic navigation inertial navigation instrument flight rules loran loran C loran D National Airspace Utilization System navigation aids Omega Navigation System polar navigation radar navigation radio navigation Shoran solar compasses space navigation Tacan VHF omnirange navigation visual flight air piracy UF hijacking GS crime . air piracy RT aircraft safety airport security flight hazards flight safety operational hazards terrorism air pollution DEF The presence of unwanted material in the air. The term "unwanted material" here refers to material in sufficient concentrations, present for a sufficient time, and under circumstances to interfere significantly with comfort, health, or welfare of persons, or with the full use and enjoyment of property. Used for atmospheric impurities. UF atmospheric impurities GS pollution . environment pollution . . air pollution . . . global air pollution . . . indoor air pollution RT acid rain aerobiology aerosols ashes atmospheric chemistry atmospheric composition atmospheric density atmospheric effects biomass burning chlorofluorocarbons chlorofluoromethane clean energy climate change combustion products contamination diffusion drops (liquids) dust Earth atmosphere Earth environment effluents environment effects environment protection environmental chemistry environmental quality environmental surveys environments exhaust gases exhaust systems fallout flue gases fly ash forest fires Global Air Sampling Program haze human wastes metabolic wastes middle atmosphere mixing height mutagens nitrous acid odors organic peroxides oxidizers ozone depletion particles particulates photochemical oxidants pollen pollution monitoring pollution transport polynuclear organic compounds smog smoke smoke abatement soot temperature inversions volatile organic compounds waste disposal wastes wind (meteorology) air purification GS purification . air purification RT carbon dioxide concentration carbon dioxide removal decontamination electrostatic precipitators Hopcalite (trademark) rebreathing sterilization ventilation air quality GS quality . environmental quality . . air quality RT Earth atmosphere environments indoor air pollution particulates pollution control pollution monitoring volatile organic compounds air sampling GS sampling . air sampling RT electrostatic precipitators environment pollution gas analysis Global Air Sampling Program indoor air pollution particulates smog air sea ice interactions GS gas-liquid interactions . air water interactions . . air sea ice interactions RT# interactions polynyas sea ice air sea interactions USE air water interactions air showers USE cosmic ray showers air sickness USE motion sickness air slew missiles DEF Solid propellant rockets utilizing thrust vector control. GS missiles . air slew missiles RT maneuverability # rockets solid propellant rocket engines thrust vector control air start UF engine relight (in-flight) in-flight starting GS starting . air start RT aircraft control aircraft engines engine control flight tests air to air missiles UF air to air rockets GS missiles . air to air missiles . . Falcon missile . . Matra missile . . Sidewinder missiles . . Sparrow missiles . . . Sparrow 2 missile . . . Sparrow 3 missile RT antiaircraft missiles ramjet missiles SIAM missiles space weapons surface to air missiles air to air refueling GS refueling . air to air refueling RT tanker aircraft air to air rockets USE air to air missiles air to surface missiles GS missiles . air to surface missiles . . Bullpup missiles . . Condor missile . . Harpoon missile . . Hound Dog missile . . Maverick missiles . . quail missile . . Shrike missile RT miss distance ordnance surface to air missiles surface to surface missiles # surfaces weapon systems air traffic GS traffic . air traffic RT aircraft hazards airline operations airspace collision avoidance flight hazards flight paths flight plans National Airspace Utilization System National Aviation System air traffic control DEF A service operated by approriate authority to promote the safe, orderly and expedious flow of air traffic. GS ground based control . air traffic control . . automated en route ATC . . radar approach control traffic control . air traffic control . . automated en route ATC . . radar approach control RT aeronautical satellites airborne radar approach aircraft approach spacing aircraft communication aircraft guidance aircraft safety airport surface detection equipment airport towers airports airspace approach approach control approach indicators attitude control automated pilot advisory system automated radar terminal system Beacon Collision Avoidance System collision avoidance collisions # control discrete address beacon system flight altitude flight control flight management systems flight paths flight plans flight rules flight safety flight time ground support equipment ground-air-ground communication heliports instrument flight rules instrument landing systems landing landing aids landing instruments landing radar LOCATES system microwave landing systems midair collisions military air facilities National Airspace System National Airspace Utilization System National Aviation System navigation aids # operations radar navigation radio navigation routes situational awareness solar compasses surveillance radar takeoff taxiing towers tracking (position) transponders vortex advisory system vortex avoidance air traffic controllers (personnel) GS personnel . air traffic controllers (personnel) RT airport towers ground based control landing aids traffic control air transportation DEF The conveyance of cargo and passengers by means of airplanes, helicopters, and other airborne vehicles. GS transportation . air transportation RT airline operations commercial aircraft commuter aircraft compound helicopters general aviation aircraft marine transportation National Aviation System passenger aircraft rapid transit systems short haul aircraft transport aircraft air water interactions UF air sea interactions GS gas-liquid interactions . air water interactions . . air sea ice interactions RT Atmospheric & Oceanographic Inform Sys Earth cryosphere el Nino gyres hydrological cycle # interactions liquid-gas mixtures liquid-vapor interfaces Madden-Julian Oscillation ocean dynamics ocean models sea surface temperature water tunnel tests airborne equipment GS onboard equipment . airborne equipment . . airborne/spaceborne computers . . Light Airborne Multipurpose System . . TERCOM RT Advanced Range Instrumentation Aircraft airborne radar aircraft communication aircraft equipment Astroplane automatic landing control avionics balloon-borne instruments cockpit weather information systems # electric equipment # equipment flight instruments hydraulic equipment Kuiper Airborne Observatory map matching guidance MATTS (systems) radar equipment radio equipment SOFIA (airborne observatory) vacuum arc switches airborne infection GS diseases . infectious diseases . . airborne infection RT aerobiology parasitic diseases Airborne Integrated Reconnaissance System DEF Aerial reconnaissance system incorporating various modes of detection. Used for AIRS (reconnaissance sys). UF AIRS (reconnaissance sys) GS reconnaissance . aerial reconnaissance . . Airborne Integrated Reconnaissance System RT ground truth photoreconnaissance # systems targets airborne lasers GS onboard equipment . airborne lasers stimulated emission devices . lasers . . airborne lasers RT laser applications laser ranger/tracker remote sensors spaceborne lasers airborne radar (added August 1992) GS radar . airborne radar . . airborne surveillance radar RT airborne equipment clutter digital radar systems Doppler radar radar echoes radar equipment radar imagery radar maps radar receivers radar targets remote sensing remote sensors side-looking radar space based radar synthetic aperture radar airborne radar approach DEF The use of airborne radar for helicopter approach control -- the radar cursor technique. GS approach . airborne radar approach RT air traffic control aircraft approach spacing helicopter control helicopters landing aids radar approach control airborne range and orbit determination UF AROD (range-orbit determination) GS orbit determination . airborne range and orbit determination rangefinding . airborne range and orbit determination RT# measurement orbits airborne surveillance radar GS radar . airborne radar . . airborne surveillance radar . surveillance radar . . airborne surveillance radar RT aircraft instruments display devices onboard equipment Airborne Warning and Control System USE AWACS aircraft airborne/spaceborne computers UF flight computers onboard computers spacecraft computers GS data processing equipment . computers . . embedded computer systems . . . airborne/spaceborne computers onboard equipment . airborne equipment . . airborne/spaceborne computers RT data processing flight management systems highly maneuverable aircraft minicomputers onboard data processing spacecraft components spacecraft electronic equipment systems integration Airbus USE European Airbus # aircraft SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) UF aerodynamic vehicles RT A-1 aircraft A-2 aircraft A-3 aircraft A-4 aircraft A-5 aircraft A-6 aircraft A-7 aircraft A-9 aircraft A-10 aircraft A-37 aircraft A-300 aircraft A-330 aircraft A-340 aircraft Advanced Range Instrumentation Aircraft aerodynamics aeronautical engineering # aeronautics aerospace engineering aerospace industry aerospace planes aerospace vehicles agricultural aircraft AH-1S helicopter AH-1W helicopter air data systems aircraft accident investigation aircraft accidents aircraft antennas aircraft approach spacing aircraft brakes aircraft carriers aircraft communication aircraft compartments aircraft configurations aircraft construction materials aircraft control aircraft design aircraft detection aircraft engines aircraft equipment aircraft fuel systems aircraft fuels aircraft guidance aircraft hazards aircraft hydraulic systems aircraft industry aircraft instruments aircraft landing aircraft lights aircraft maintenance aircraft maneuvers aircraft noise aircraft parts aircraft performance aircraft pilots aircraft production aircraft production costs aircraft reliability aircraft runup aircraft safety aircraft specifications aircraft spin aircraft stability aircraft structures aircraft survivability aircraft tires aircraft wakes airships Aladin 2 aircraft Alouette helicopters Alpha jet aircraft amphibious aircraft AN-2 aircraft AN-22 aircraft AN-24 aircraft antisubmarine warfare aircraft Antonov aircraft Argosy MK-1 aircraft ASSET gliders ATLIT project ATR-72 aircraft attack aircraft AVRO 707 aircraft AWACS aircraft B-1 aircraft B-2 aircraft B-26 aircraft B-47 aircraft B-50 aircraft B-52 aircraft B-57 aircraft B-58 aircraft B-66 aircraft B-70 aircraft BAC 111 aircraft BAC aircraft balloons Beagle aircraft Beech 99 aircraft Beechcraft 18 aircraft Beechcraft aircraft Bell 214A helicopter Bell aircraft biplanes bird-aircraft collisions Boeing 707 aircraft Boeing 717 aircraft Boeing 720 aircraft Boeing 727 aircraft Boeing 733 aircraft Boeing 737 aircraft Boeing 747 aircraft Boeing 757 aircraft Boeing 767 aircraft Boeing 777 aircraft Boeing 2707 aircraft Boeing aircraft Bolkow aircraft bomber aircraft boostglide vehicles Breguet 940 aircraft Breguet 941 aircraft Breguet 1150 aircraft Breguet aircraft Buccaneer aircraft C-1A aircraft C-2 aircraft C-5 aircraft C-8A augmentor wing aircraft C-9 aircraft C-15 aircraft C-17 aircraft C-33 aircraft C-35 aircraft C-46 aircraft C-47 aircraft C-54 aircraft C-118 aircraft C-119 aircraft C-121 aircraft C-123 aircraft C-124 aircraft C-130 aircraft C-131 aircraft C-133 aircraft C-135 aircraft C-140 aircraft C-141 aircraft C-160 aircraft Canadair aircraft Canberra aircraft cargo aircraft ceiling (aircraft capability) Cessna 172 aircraft Cessna 205 aircraft Cessna 402B aircraft Cessna aircraft Cessna L-19 aircraft Chance-Vought aircraft Chinese aircraft CL-41 aircraft CL-44 aircraft CL-84 aircraft CL-600 challenger aircraft CL-823 aircraft COIN aircraft Comet 4 aircraft commercial aircraft commuter aircraft compound helicopters Concorde aircraft Curtiss-Wright aircraft CV-340 aircraft CV-440 aircraft CV-880 aircraft CV-990 aircraft D-558 aircraft Dassault aircraft DC 3 aircraft DC 7 aircraft DC 8 aircraft DC 9 aircraft DC 10 aircraft de Havilland aircraft DH 112 aircraft DH 115 aircraft DH 121 aircraft DH 125 aircraft DHC 2 aircraft DHC 4 aircraft DHC 5 aircraft DO-27 aircraft DO-28 aircraft DO-31 aircraft DO-328 aircraft Dornier aircraft Douglas aircraft drone aircraft E-2 aircraft E-3A aircraft E-4A aircraft Earth Resources Survey aircraft EH-101 helicopter Electra aircraft electronic aircraft European Airbus F-2 aircraft F-4 aircraft F-5 aircraft F-8 aircraft F-9 aircraft F-14 aircraft F-15 aircraft F-16 aircraft F-17 aircraft F-18 aircraft F-22 aircraft F-27 aircraft F-28 transport aircraft F-84 aircraft F-86 aircraft F-89 aircraft F-94 aircraft F-100 aircraft F-101 aircraft F-102 aircraft F-104 aircraft F-105 aircraft F-106 aircraft F-111 aircraft F-117A aircraft Fairchild-Hiller aircraft Fairey aircraft fan in wing aircraft FD 2 aircraft Fiat aircraft fighter aircraft Firebee 2 target drone aircraft flight test vehicles flying platforms Fokker aircraft Folding Fin aircraft rocket vehicle free wing aircraft FV-12A aircraft G-1 aircraft G-91 aircraft G-95/4 aircraft G-222 aircraft GA-5 aircraft general aviation aircraft General Dynamics aircraft GETOL aircraft gliders ground effect machines Grumman aircraft Gyrodyne aircraft H-17 helicopter H-19 helicopter H-43 helicopter H-53 helicopter H-54 helicopter H-56 helicopter H-60 Helicopter H-126 aircraft Hamburger aircraft Handley Page aircraft hang gliders Harrier aircraft Hawker Siddeley aircraft heavy lift helicopters Heinkel aircraft helicopters Helio aircraft HFB-320 aircraft HH-65 helicopter highly maneuverable aircraft Hiller aircraft hovercraft ground effect machines HP-115 aircraft HS-748 aircraft HS-801 aircraft Hughes aircraft hypersonic aircraft hypersonic gliders IL-14 aircraft IL-62 aircraft IL-76 aircraft IL-86 aircraft IL-96 aircraft Ilyushin aircraft inflatable gliders Jaguar aircraft JAS-39 aircraft jet aircraft jet aircraft noise jet provost aircraft Jetstream aircraft Jindivik target aircraft Kaman aircraft Kawasaki aircraft L-1011 aircraft L-2000 aircraft Lear jet aircraft lifting reentry vehicles light aircraft light helicopters light intratheater transport light transport aircraft Ling-Temco-Vought aircraft Lockheed aircraft Lockheed model 18 aircraft # low wing aircraft man powered aircraft Martin aircraft Mcdonnell aircraft McDonnell Douglas aircraft MD 11 aircraft MD 80 aircraft Mercure aircraft meteorological research aircraft MH-262 aircraft MiG aircraft Mil aircraft military air facilities # military aircraft military helicopters monoplanes MRCA aircraft multiengine vehicles Mystere 50 aircraft Navion aircraft night flights (aircraft) Nihon aircraft noise prediction (aircraft) Nord 1500 aircraft Nord aircraft North American aircraft Northrop aircraft nuclear propelled aircraft observation aircraft onboard equipment OV-1 aircraft OV-10 aircraft P-3 aircraft P-51 aircraft P-160 aircraft P-166 aircraft P-308 aircraft P-1127 aircraft P-1154 aircraft PA-34 Seneca aircraft passenger aircraft PD-808 aircraft Piaggio aircraft Piasecki aircraft pilotless aircraft Piper aircraft Potez aircraft powered lift aircraft propulsion Questol aircraft reconnaissance aircraft remotely piloted vehicles Republic aircraft research aircraft rigid rotor helicopters rocket planes rotary wing aircraft rotor systems research aircraft Ryan aircraft S-2 aircraft S-3 aircraft S-61 helicopter S-67 helicopter SA-321 helicopter SA-330 helicopter Saab 37 aircraft Saab 105 aircraft Saab aircraft SC-1 aircraft SC-5 aircraft SC-7 aircraft Schleicher aircraft Scimitar aircraft SE-210 aircraft short haul aircraft short takeoff aircraft Siebel aircraft Sikorsky aircraft Sikorsky Whirlwind helicopter single engine aircraft solar powered aircraft spanloader aircraft SR-71 aircraft submersible aircraft # subsonic aircraft Sud Aviation aircraft Sukhoi aircraft supersonic aircraft supersonic cruise aircraft research T-2 aircraft T-28 aircraft T-33 aircraft T-37 aircraft T-38 aircraft T-39 aircraft TACT program tailless aircraft tandem rotor helicopters tandem wing aircraft tanker aircraft target drone aircraft test vehicles tilt rotor aircraft Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft Program tilt wing aircraft training aircraft transatmospheric vehicles transport aircraft TS-11 aircraft TSR-2 aircraft TU-104 aircraft TU-124 aircraft TU-134 aircraft TU-144 aircraft TU-154 aircraft TU-204 aircraft Tupolev aircraft turbofan aircraft turboprop aircraft U-2 aircraft U-10 aircraft ultralight aircraft unidentified flying objects utility aircraft V-22 aircraft V/STOL aircraft Valiant aircraft Vampire MK 35 aircraft VATOL aircraft VC-10 aircraft vertical takeoff aircraft Victor MK-1 aircraft Viscount aircraft VJ-101 aircraft Vulcan aircraft VZ-2 aircraft VZ-8 aircraft water takeoff and landing aircraft weapons delivery weather reconnaissance aircraft Weser aircraft Westland aircraft Westland ground effect machines Westland Whirlwind helicopter wing nacelle configurations # winged vehicles X-1 aircraft X-2 aircraft X-3 aircraft X-5 aircraft X-13 aircraft X-14 aircraft X-15 aircraft X-19 aircraft X-20 aircraft X-21 aircraft X-21A aircraft X-22 aircraft X-22A aircraft X-24 aircraft X-29 aircraft X-31 aircraft X-36 aircraft XC-142 aircraft XV-3 aircraft XV-4 aircraft XV-5 aircraft XV-8A aircraft XV-9A aircraft XV-11A aircraft XV-15 aircraft Yak 40 aircraft Yakovlev aircraft YC-14 aircraft YF-12 aircraft aircraft accident investigation GS investigation . accident investigation . . aircraft accident investigation RT# aircraft aviation meteorology insurance (contracts) aircraft accidents GS accidents . aircraft accidents . . bird-aircraft collisions RT# aircraft aircraft safety aviation meteorology collisions crash landing crashes crashworthiness ditching (landing) flight hazards flight safety human factors engineering insurance (contracts) malfunctions midair collisions pilot error weather aircraft antennas GS antennas . aircraft antennas RT# aircraft loop antennas microwave antennas missile antennas protuberances radar antennas radio antennas aircraft approach spacing GS spacing . aircraft approach spacing RT aeronautical satellites air traffic control airborne radar approach # aircraft aircraft safety airspace approach approach control collision avoidance flight safety glide paths ground based control instrument approach National Airspace Utilization System National Aviation System vortex advisory system vortex avoidance aircraft bases USE military air facilities aircraft brakes GS brakes (for arresting motion) . aircraft brakes . . split flaps . . wing flaps . . . leading edge flaps . . . leading edge slats . . . trailing edge flaps . . . vortex flaps RT aerodynamic brakes # aircraft antiskid devices ballutes drag chutes drag devices thrust reversal towed bodies wheel brakes aircraft cabins USE aircraft compartments aircraft carriers GS surface vehicles . aircraft carriers water vehicles . ships . . aircraft carriers RT# aircraft arresting gear # carriers military air facilities # military aircraft # military vehicles navy nuclear powered ships aircraft communication DEF The conveyance of information to or from aircraft by radio or other signals. GS communicating . aircraft communication telecommunication . aircraft communication RT aeronautical satellites air traffic control airborne equipment # aircraft approach control avionics ground-air-ground communication radar beacons radio communication wireless communication aircraft compartments UF aircraft cabins aircraft interiors GS compartments . aircraft compartments RT# aircraft bays (structural units) cabin atmospheres # cabins cockpits gondolas pressurized cabins windshields aircraft configurations UF fixed-wing aircraft GS aircraft configurations . drooped airfoils RT aerodynamic configurations aerodynamic interference # aircraft blended-wing-body configurations compound helicopters # configurations control configured vehicles flared bodies # flight vehicles joined wings # low wing aircraft missile configurations propulsion system configurations spacecraft configurations under surface blowing upper surface blowing wing roots aircraft construction USE aircraft structures aircraft construction materials DEF A general term designating the materials used in manufacturing an aircraft. GS aircraft construction materials . airframe materials RT# aircraft airframes aluminum-lithium alloys ceramic matrix composites composite materials # construction materials functionally gradient materials fuselages lithium alloys # materials materials selection plastic aircraft structures skin (structural member) structural members wings aircraft control DEF To direct the movements of an aircraft with particular reference to changes in attitude and speed. UF flap control GS aircraft control . helicopter control RT active control air start # aircraft attitude control automatic control automatic flight control # control control equipment control simulation control stability control sticks controllability DAST program directional control engine control flight control flight envelopes flight instruments fly by light control fly by tube control fly by wire control ground based control in-flight simulation lateral control longitudinal control maneuverability manual control minor circle turning flight pilot induced oscillation radio control remote control stability augmentation turbojet engine control visual control aircraft design DEF The act of conceiving and planning the structure, systems, and performance characteristics of an aircraft vehicle or any other apparatus, machine or contrivance intended to be borne up either by dynamic action of the air upon the object's surfaces, or by the object's own buoyancy. GS aircraft design . helicopter design RT acoustic retrofitting aerodynamic configurations aeroelastic research wings aeronautical engineering aeroquatic vehicles # aircraft airfoils blended-wing-body configurations channel wings compound helicopters computer aided design control configured vehicles DAST program # design design optimization engine airframe integration engine design flight tests free wing aircraft induced drag lofting missile design multidisciplinary design optimization product development rotor systems research aircraft shape optimization short haul aircraft streamlining structural design systems engineering Terminal Configured Vehicle Program transatmospheric vehicles vortex sheets weight reduction YF-12 aircraft aircraft detection GS detection . aircraft detection RT# aircraft # detectors F-117A aircraft IFF systems (identification) infrared suppression tracking (position) Aircraft Energy Efficiency program USE ACEE program aircraft engines UF aircraft power sources GS engines . aircraft engines . . convertible fan-shaft engines . . helicopter engines . . J-52 engine . . J-58 engine . . J-97 engine . . T-34 engine . . T-38 engine . . T-55 engine . . T-63 engine . . T-76 engine . . T-78 engine . . TF-30 engine . . TF-34 engine . . TF-41 engine . . variable cycle engines . . variable stream control engines RT ACEE program air start # aircraft engine airframe integration gas turbine engines hydrogen engines infrared suppression internal combustion engines jet engines jet propulsion laser propulsion nuclear propulsion piston engines # power supplies quiet engine program rocket engines rotary engines T-58 engine topping cycle engines turbine engines Wankel engines aircraft equipment GS onboard equipment . aircraft equipment . . bombing equipment . . ejection seats . . . flying ejection seats . . TERCOM RT airborne equipment # aircraft aircraft hydraulic systems aircraft lights aircraft power supplies aircraft tires automatic landing control automatic pilots avionics commonality display devices # equipment flight instruments landing aids landing instruments Light Airborne Multipurpose System navigation aids navigation instruments radio direction finders aircraft fuel systems GS fuel systems . aircraft fuel systems RT# aircraft fuel pumps fuel tank pressurization fuel tanks fuel valves # systems aircraft fuels GS fuels . aircraft fuels RT# aircraft antimisting fuels automobile fuels hydrocarbon fuels jet engine fuels liquid fuels liquid rocket propellants monopropellants slurry propellants solid propellants tanker aircraft aircraft guidance GS guidance (motion) . aircraft guidance RT air traffic control # aircraft approach control automated en route ATC collision avoidance # indicators instrument landing systems radar approach control radar navigation radarscopes radio navigation aircraft hangars USE hangars aircraft hazards GS hazards . aircraft hazards RT air traffic # aircraft aircraft icing aviation meteorology bird-aircraft collisions birds collisions crash landing crashes flight hazards flight safety foreign bodies human factors engineering malfunctions midair collisions noise (sound) operational hazards refueling threat evaluation toxic hazards weather aircraft hydraulic systems GS hydraulic equipment . aircraft hydraulic systems RT actuators # aircraft aircraft equipment servocontrol servomechanisms # systems aircraft icing (added August 1991) DEF Accumulation of ice on aircraft external surfaces, propellers and engine inlets from freezing rain or flight through inclement weather. UF wing icing GS ice formation . aircraft icing RT aircraft hazards aircraft safety aviation meteorology deicers deicing flight conditions flight hazards flight safety ice prevention aircraft industry GS industries . aerospace industry . . aircraft industry RT aeronautical engineering # aircraft aircraft production costs aircraft instruments DEF Any electronic or mechanically-based instrument or instrument system designed for detecting, measuring, displaying, recording, telemetering, processing, or analyzing different values or quantities encountered in the flight of an aircraft; often supporting the general control of the aircraft. GS aircraft instruments . approach indicators . automatic pilots . flight recorders . . flight load recorders . rate of climb indicators RT airborne surveillance radar # aircraft altimeters anemometers attitude indicators automatic flight control avionics compasses display devices flight control flight instruments flight paths flight test instruments I2S cameras indicating instruments instrument approach instrument landing systems # instruments landing aids landing instruments laser altimeters light emitting diodes # measurement measuring instruments monitors navigation aids navigation instruments position indicators radar radio altimeters recording instruments speed indicators tachometers aircraft interiors USE aircraft compartments aircraft landing GS landing . aircraft landing . . crash landing . . . ditching (landing) . . skid landings RT air cushion landing systems # aircraft all-weather landing systems blind landing ceilings (meteorology) controllability crashworthiness enhanced vision glide landings hard landing instrument landing systems landing aids landing mats landing radar low visibility microwave landing systems runway alignment soft landing spacecraft landing takeoff touchdown vertical landing vortex avoidance water landing aircraft launching devices UF takeoff systems GS launchers . aircraft launching devices . . JATO engines RT catapults aircraft lights GS lighting equipment . luminaires . . aircraft lights RT# aircraft aircraft equipment beacons aircraft maintenance GS maintenance . aircraft maintenance RT# aircraft checkout flight operations ground support equipment logistics preventive maintenance aircraft maneuvers GS maneuvers . aircraft maneuvers RT# aircraft approach control flight characteristics flight envelopes flight paths formation flying highly maneuverable aircraft maneuverability obstacle avoidance trajectory optimization transition flight turning flight X-31 aircraft aircraft models GS models . aircraft models RT dynamic models mathematical models powered models scale models semispan models spacecraft models wind tunnel models aircraft noise GS elastic waves . sound waves . . noise (sound) . . . aircraft noise . . . blade slap noise . . . jet aircraft noise . . . . propeller noise . . . . sonic booms RT acoustic retrofitting aeroacoustics aerodynamic noise # aircraft coaxial nozzles engine noise footprints jet aircraft mufflers noise intensity noise measurement noise prediction (aircraft) noise reduction synchrophasing aircraft noise prediction USE noise prediction (aircraft) aircraft parts RT# aircraft airfoils airframes channel wings control surfaces fuselages landing gear oblique wings protuberances swing tail assemblies swing wings tail assemblies wings aircraft performance DEF The manner or effectiveness with which an aircraft vehicle or any airborne structure, machine, or contrivance functions while in operation. GS aircraft performance . helicopter performance RT aerodynamic stalling # aircraft aircraft spin airspeed controllability Cooper-Harper ratings distance flight characteristics flight envelopes maneuverability minimum drag payloads # performance pilot performance pilot ratings specifications takeoff runs aircraft pilots UF aviators copilots jet pilots GS personnel . flying personnel . . pilots (personnel) . . . aircraft pilots . . . . test pilots . operators (personnel) . . pilots (personnel) . . . aircraft pilots . . . . test pilots RT# aircraft aviation psychology flight crews # pilots aircraft power sources USE aircraft engines aircraft power supplies DEF Electric power sources for the normal operation of aircraft. GS electric power supplies . aircraft power supplies RT aircraft equipment auxiliary power sources electric generators # power supplies aircraft production UF fuselage mounting RT# aircraft costs equipment specifications product development # production production engineering aircraft production costs GS costs . production costs . . aircraft production costs RT# aircraft aircraft industry cost estimates efficiency # engineering financial management industries manufacturing production engineering production management productivity aircraft reliability UF airworthiness airworthiness requirements GS reliability . aircraft reliability RT# aircraft certification circuit reliability component reliability helicopter performance quality control structural reliability total quality management vulnerability aircraft runup DEF Final engine check prior to takeoff. GS preflight operations . aircraft runup RT# aircraft engine noise engine tests ground tests jet aircraft noise aircraft safety DEF Techniques used to prevent aircraft failures or accidents; the degree to which an aircraft is free of the risk of malfunction or accidents. GS safety . aircraft safety RT abort apparatus aerospace safety air piracy air traffic control # aircraft aircraft accidents aircraft approach spacing aircraft icing aircraft spin all-weather landing systems arresting gear Beacon Collision Avoidance System collision avoidance collisions crash landing crashes crashworthiness ejection seats flight hazards flight safety flying ejection seats landing aids landing radar microwave landing systems midair collisions National Airspace System navigation aids safety devices solar compasses terrorism threat evaluation weather wheel brakes aircraft specifications GS specifications . aircraft specifications RT# aircraft airspeed ceiling (aircraft capability) controllability distance flight characteristics payloads aircraft spin DEF A prolonged stall in fixed-wing aircraft characterized by a sustained spiral descent, usually with the nose down. RT aerodynamic stalling # aircraft aircraft performance aircraft safety control stability controllability crash landing flight hazards flight safety hazards maneuvers spin dynamics aircraft stability DEF The property of an aircraft to maintain its attitude or to resist displacement, and if displaced, to develop forces and moments tending to restore the original condition. GS dynamic characteristics . dynamic stability . . motion stability . . . aircraft stability . . . . hovering stability stability . dynamic stability . . motion stability . . . aircraft stability . . . . hovering stability RT aerodynamic balance aerodynamic stability # aircraft attitude stability buffeting control stability controllability counterbalances directional stability flight envelopes horizontal flight lateral stability liquid sloshing longitudinal stability low speed stability pilot induced oscillation static stability structural stability turning flight upper surface blown flaps wind tunnel stability tests wing rock aircraft structures UF aircraft construction GS aircraft structures . airframes . fuselages . plastic aircraft structures RT aerodynamic interference aeroelasticity afterbodies # aircraft airfoils boron-epoxy composites canard configurations canopies centerbodies channel wings control surfaces fairings forebodies hulls (structures) interference fit leading edge flaps noses (forebodies) oblique wings pylon mounting shells (structural forms) spacecraft structures streamlining # structures swing tail assemblies swing wings tail assemblies wings aircraft survivability RT# aircraft combat # construction materials durability flight control helicopters life (durability) # military aircraft plastic aircraft structures reinforced plastics reliability spacecraft survivability survival survival equipment vulnerability aircraft tires GS tires . aircraft tires RT# aircraft aircraft equipment landing gear vehicle wheels aircraft wakes GS wakes . aircraft wakes . . helicopter wakes . . slipstreams . . . propeller slipstreams RT# aircraft hypersonic wakes laminar wakes supersonic wakes turbulent wakes vortex advisory system vortex alleviation aircrews USE flight crews airdrops RT air cargo cargo delivery drag chutes parachutes parafoils airfield surface movements RT air cargo airports hangars materials handling mobile lounges runways # surfaces taxiing airfields USE airports airfoil characteristics USE airfoils airfoil fences GS airfoils . airfoil fences RT boundary layer control # fences vortex generators wings airfoil oscillations DEF Periodic motions experienced by airfoils in aerodynamic conditions. GS oscillations . airfoil oscillations . . wing oscillations . . . wing rock RT aerodynamic stability aeroelasticity aeroservoelasticity flapping flutter flutter analysis rotary stability structural vibration undamped oscillations vibration vibration mode airfoil profiles UF aerodynamic chords airfoil sections airfoil thickness Clark Y airfoil GS airfoil profiles . wing profiles . . wing span RT aerodynamic interference airfoils blade tips # cross sections Joukowski transformation Kutta-Joukowski condition Lighthill method nose tips # profiles shape optimization streamlining supercritical airfoils Theodorsen transformation thickness thickness ratio thin airfoils thin wings tips wedges wing tips airfoil sections USE airfoil profiles airfoil thickness USE airfoil profiles airfoils DEF Structures, pieces, or bodies, originally likened to foils or leaves in being wide and thin, designed to obtain a useful reaction on themselves in their motion through the air. Used for airfoil characteristics. UF airfoil characteristics GS airfoils . aerial rudders . ailerons . . flaperons . . spoiler slot ailerons . airfoil fences . circulation control airfoils . . circulation control rotors . drooped airfoils . elevators (control surfaces) . elevons . flaps (control surfaces) . . externally blown flaps . . . upper surface blown flaps . . flaperons . . jet flaps . . split flaps . . wing flaps . . . leading edge flaps . . . leading edge slats . . . trailing edge flaps . . . vortex flaps . horizontal tail surfaces . laminar flow airfoils . propeller blades . spoilers . supercritical airfoils . . supercritical wings . supersonic airfoils . tabs (control surfaces) . thin airfoils . . thin wings . . . infinite span wings . wings . . aeroelastic research wings . . cambered wings . . caret wings . . channel wings . . cruciform wings . . fixed wings . . flexible wings . . . parawings . . GAW-1 airfoil . . GAW-2 airfoil . . joined wings . . low aspect ratio wings . . . delta wings . . . trapezoidal wings . . mission adaptive wings . . oblique wings . . rigid wings . . rotary wings . . . circulation control rotors . . . lifting rotors . . . . bearingless rotors . . . rigid rotors . . . tilting rotors . . . tip driven rotors . . . x wing rotors . . slender wings . . . infinite span wings . . supercritical wings . . swept wings . . . swept forward wings . . . . trapezoidal wings . . . sweptback wings . . . . arrow wings . . . delta wings . . . . trapezoidal wings . . swing wings . . thin wings . . . infinite span wings . . twisted wings . . uncambered wings . . . ring wings . . unswept wings . . . infinite span wings . . . rectangular wings . . . ring wings . . variable sweep wings RT aerodynamic configurations aerodynamics aircraft design aircraft parts aircraft structures airfoil profiles aspect ratio # blades blade-vortex interaction blunt leading edges blunt trailing edges body-wing configurations camber control surfaces deicers deicing fins # foils foils (materials) guide vanes hydrofoils interactional aerodynamics jet vanes leading edge thrust leading edges lift lifting bodies Lighthill method monoplanes rotor blades (turbomachinery) rotors rudders sharp leading edges stabilizers (fluid dynamics) streamlined bodies streamlining tail assemblies thickness ratio trailing edges turbomachine blades vanes waveriders wedges airframe materials GS aircraft construction materials . airframe materials RT airframes aluminum-lithium alloys composite materials # construction materials functionally gradient materials glass fiber reinforced plastics # materials materials selection structural design structural members airframes DEF The assembled structural and aerodynamic components of an aircraft or rocket vehicle that support the different systems and subsystems integral to the vehicle. GS aircraft structures . airframes frames . airframes RT aircraft construction materials aircraft parts airframe materials bays (structural units) canopies control surfaces engine airframe integration fins fuselages landing gear missile bodies missile structures nacelles protuberances tail assemblies wing nacelle configurations wings Airgeep aircraft USE VZ-8 aircraft airglow DEF The quasi-steady radiant emission from the upper atmosphere as distinguished from the sporadic emission of the auroras. Used for atmospheric emission. UF atmospheric emission GS atmospheric radiation . sky radiation . . airglow . . . geocoronal emissions . . . nightglow . . . twilight glow electromagnetic radiation . light (visible radiation) . . sky radiation . . . airglow . . . . geocoronal emissions . . . . nightglow . . . . twilight glow RT aeronomy atmospheric ionization auroras chemiluminescence Earth atmosphere emission Fabry-Perot spectrometers light emission night sky oxygen spectra radiative recombination Rayleigh scattering sky brightness airline operations RT air cargo air traffic air transportation civil aviation commercial aircraft operating costs operational problems # operations passengers short haul aircraft airlock modules DEF Modular chambers capable of being hermetically sealed that provide for passage between two places of different pressure as between an altitude chamber and the outside atmosphere. GS compartments . air locks . . airlock modules modules . airlock modules RT Apollo applications program multiple docking adapters Saturn 1 workshop Saturn 5 workshop Saturn workshops Skylab 1 Skylab 2 Skylab 3 Skylab 4 Skylab program space station modules spacecraft docking modules airport beacons GS landing aids . airport beacons . . discrete address beacon system navigation aids . beacons . . airport beacons . . . discrete address beacon system RT radio beacons solar compasses airport lights GS landing aids . airport lights . . runway lights lighting equipment . luminaires . . airport lights . . . runway lights RT searchlights airport planning GS planning . airport planning RT ground support equipment heliports land use sites airport security DEF Organization of trained security personnel, surveillance and screening devices, and procedures used for the protection of airport and airline property, aircraft, passengers, employees, and visitors from injury, air piracy, and other unauthorized acts. GS security . airport security RT air piracy airports explosives detection ion mobility spectroscopy protection terrorism vulnerability airport surface detection equipment UF ASDE RT air traffic control # equipment ground based control radar equipment search radar # surfaces surveillance radar airport towers GS towers . airport towers RT air traffic control air traffic controllers (personnel) airports ground based control heliports landing aids traffic control airports DEF An area of land or water that is used, or intended to be used, for the landing and takoff of aircraft, including buildings and facilities, if any. UF airfields GS airports . heliports RT# aeronautics air traffic control airfield surface movements airport security airport towers # facilities hangars instrument landing systems landing aids landing mats military air facilities mobile lounges mooring National Airspace System navigation aids # ports runways site selection # strip AIRS (reconnaissance sys) USE Airborne Integrated Reconnaissance System airships DEF Propelled and steerable dirigibles dependent on gases for flotation. Used for aerostats and dirigibles. UF aerostats dirigibles GS airships . heavy lift airships RT# aircraft balloons gondolas inflatable structures # military aircraft airspace DEF The atmosphere above a particular portion of the earth, usually defined by the boundaries of an area on the surface projected perpendicularly upward. RT air law air traffic air traffic control aircraft approach spacing boundaries collision avoidance flight paths National Airspace System National Airspace Utilization System airspeed GS rates (per time) . airspeed velocity . airspeed RT aerodynamic stalling aircraft performance aircraft specifications boundary layer separation flight characteristics ground speed high speed low speed Mach number wind velocity airworthiness USE aircraft reliability airworthiness requirements USE aircraft reliability Airy function GS analysis (mathematics) . complex variables . . Airy function functions (mathematics) . Airy function RT cylindrical bodies differential equations elastic properties harmonic functions Poisson ratio stress analysis Aitken nuclei DEF Microscopic particles in the atmosphere which serve as condensation nuclei for droplet growth during the rapid adiabatic expansion produced by an Aitken dust counter. GS condensation nuclei . Aitken nuclei RT aerosols atmospheric chemistry atmospheric composition cloud physics coagulation condensates crystal growth dust ice nuclei nucleation # nuclei supercooling AJ-10 engine GS engines . rocket engines . . booster rocket engines . . . AJ-10 engine . . liquid propellant rocket engines . . . AJ-10 engine RT tartar missile AJ-1000 engine USE M-1 engine Akebono satellite USE EXOS-D satellite akermanite DEF A mineral of the melilite group. It is isomorphous with gehlenite. GS calcium compounds . calcium carbonates . . akermanite . calcium oxides . . akermanite carbon compounds . carbonates . . calcium carbonates . . . akermanite chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . alkaline earth oxides . . . . calcium oxides . . . . . akermanite . . . . magnesium oxides . . . . . akermanite magnesium compounds . magnesium oxides . . akermanite minerals . akermanite RT silicates silicon compounds silicon oxides Alabama GS nations . United States . . Alabama RT Gulf of Mexico Tennessee Valley (AL-KY-TN) Aladin 2 aircraft GS transport aircraft . Aladin 2 aircraft V/STOL aircraft . short takeoff aircraft . . Aladin 2 aircraft RT# aircraft Alais meteorite GS celestial bodies . meteorites . . stony meteorites . . . carbonaceous meteorites . . . . carbonaceous chondrites . . . . Alais meteorite . . . chondrites . . . . carbonaceous chondrites . . . . Alais meteorite alanine GS acids . amino acids . . alanine . . . phenylalanine . carboxylic acids . . alanine . . . phenylalanine organic compounds . amino acids . . alanine . . . phenylalanine . carboxylic acids . . alanine . . . phenylalanine RT proteins alarms USE warning systems Alaska GS nations . United States . . Alaska RT Aleutian Islands (US) Beaufort Sea (North America) Chena River Basin (AK) Cook Inlet (AK) Gulf of Alaska Prince William Sound (AK) Wrangell Mountains (AK) Albania GS nations . Albania RT Europe albedo DEF The ratio of the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected by a body to the amount incident upon it. It is often expressed as a percentage, as, the albedo of the Earth is 34 percent. GS albedo . cosmic ray albedo . Earth albedo . lunar albedo RT absorptance cosmic rays Earth radiation budget experiment optical properties planetary radiation reflectance solar radiation surface properties Alberta GS nations . Canada . . Alberta albinism GS diseases . albinism RT pigments skin (anatomy) albumins GS biopolymers . proteins . . albumins organic compounds . proteins . . albumins RT elastin alcoholates USE alkoxides alcohols GS hydroxyl compounds . alcohols . . ethyl alcohol . . glycols . . isopropyl alcohol . . methyl alcohol . . phenols . . . bisphenols . . . cresols . . . phloroglucinol . . . thymol . . polyvinyl alcohol . . triols . . . cyanuric acid RT alkoxides carbohydrates gasohol (fuel) glycerols hydroxyl radicals methoxy systems organic compounds thiols aldehydes DEF Carbonyl groups to which a hydrogen atom is attached; the first stage of an alcohol; CHO. GS aldehydes . acetaldehyde . acroleins . chloral . formaldehyde RT acetyl compounds furfuryl alcohol organic compounds retinene aldolase GS biopolymers . proteins . . enzymes . . . aldolase organic compounds . proteins . . enzymes . . . aldolase RT muscles aldosterone GS organic compounds . lipids . . steroids . . . corticosteroids . . . . aldosterone secretions . endocrine secretions . . hormones . . . corticosteroids . . . . aldosterone RT adrenal metabolism electrolyte metabolism alertness RT arousal attention situational awareness wakefulness Aleutian Islands (US) GS landforms . islands . . Aleutian Islands (US) RT Alaska archipelagoes island arcs United States alexandrite (added November 1992) DEF A transparent variety of chrysoberl that has a grass-green or emerald green color in daylight and wine-red to brownish-red color by transmitted or incandescent artificial light. GS aluminum compounds . aluminum oxides . . alexandrite . beryl . . alexandrite beryllium compounds . beryl . . alexandrite . beryllium oxides . . alexandrite chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . alkaline earth oxides . . . . beryllium oxides . . . . . alexandrite . . . aluminum oxides . . . . alexandrite minerals . beryl . . alexandrite silicon compounds . silicates . . beryl . . . alexandrite RT laser materials alfalfa GS farm crops . alfalfa plants (botany) . alfalfa RT agriculture blight botany crop growth crop vigor # crops curing Earth resources # food grasses irrigation seeds Alfven waves USE magnetohydrodynamic waves AlGaAs USE aluminum gallium arsenides algae DEF Any plants of a group of unicellular and multicellular primitive organisms that include the Chlorella, Scenedesmus, and other genera. Used for algal bloom. UF algal bloom diatoms (unicellular plants) GS plants (botany) . algae . . blue green algae . . . anabaena . . . Microcystis . . . Nostoc . . Chlorella . . Dunaliella . . porphyra . . scenedesmus RT biochemical oxygen demand bioconversion chlorophylls Euglena lichens marine biology microorganisms photosynthesis phytoplankton plankton thermophiles thermophilic plants water pollution algal bloom USE algae algebra GS algebra . binomial theorem . current algebra . determinants . group theory . . homomorphisms . . . automorphisms . . . monoids . . . subgroups . lie groups . . spinor groups . linear equations . . linear evolution equations . . Riccati equation . linear transformations . nonlinear equations . . cubic equations . . Duffing differential equation . . Monge-Ampere equation . . nonlinear evolution equations . . quadratic equations . . quartic equations . polynomials . . binomials . . dyadics . . Hermitian polynomial . tensors . . stress tensors . vector spaces . . Banach space . . . Hilbert space . . . Sobolev space . . matrices (mathematics) . . . adjoints . . . canonical forms . . . eigenvalues . . . eigenvectors . . . Hessian matrices . . . Jordan form . . . stiffness matrix . . Stokes theorem (vector calculus) . . U spin space . . vectors (mathematics) . . . eigenvectors . . . state vectors . . . vorticity RT analysis (mathematics) # analyzing Boolean algebra coordinates functions (mathematics) homotropy # mathematics Schwartz inequality # science semiempirical equations # space sums uniqueness theorem Algeria GS nations . Algeria RT Africa ALGOL UF algorithmic oriented language GS languages . programming languages . . ALGOL RT computer programming machine oriented languages Algol engine GS engines . rocket engines . . booster rocket engines . . . Algol engine . . solid propellant rocket engines . . . Algol engine RT Blue Scout rocket vehicle Little Joe 2 launch vehicle Scout launch vehicle algorithmic oriented language USE ALGOL algorithms DEF Special mathematical procedures for solving a particular type of problem. GS mathematical logic . algorithms . . backpropagation (artificial intelligence) . . genetic algorithms . . greedy algorithms . . parsing algorithms . . simplex method . . sorting algorithms RT computer programming computer programs computer systems programs computerized simulation conjugate gradient method data conversion routines differential analyzers factorization fuzzy sets fuzzy systems Hessian matrices mean square values numerical analysis numerical differentiation parameterization robustness (mathematics) state estimation systolic arrays alignment GS alignment . self alignment RT adjusting bearing (direction) clearances collimation correction directivity fitting horizontal orientation instrument orientation look angles (electronics) # orientation ply orientation polarization (spin alignment) positioning vertical orientation # aliphatic compounds SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT aliphatic hydrocarbons amines fatty acids molecular chains organic compounds aliphatic hydrocarbons GS organic compounds . hydrocarbons . . aliphatic hydrocarbons . . . alkanes . . . . butanes . . . . cetane . . . . ethane . . . . heptanes . . . . methane . . . . nitropropane . . . . nonanes . . . . octanes . . . . paraffins . . . . . ceresin . . . . pentanes . . . . . neopentane . . . . propane . . . alkenes . . . . butenes . . . . ethylene . . . . . vinylidene . . . . hexenes . . . . propylene . . . . trienes . . . alkynes . . . . acetylene . . . . oxyacetylene . . . dienes . . . . butadiene . . . . heptadiene . . . . hexadiene . . . . polybutadiene RT# aliphatic compounds terpenes alkali halides GS halogen compounds . halides . . metal halides . . . alkali halides . . . . cesium halides . . . . . cesium bromides . . . . . cesium fluorides . . . . . cesium iodides . . . . potassium iodides . . . . sodium bromides . . . . sodium chlorides . . . . sodium fluorides . . . . sodium iodides # alkali metal compounds SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) UF Group 1A compounds RT cesium compounds # chemical compounds fullerides lithium compounds # metal compounds potassium compounds rubidium compounds sodium compounds alkali metals DEF Metals in group IA of the periodic system; namely, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. GS chemical elements . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 133 . . . . cesium 134 . . . . cesium 137 . . . . cesium 144 . . cesium vapor . . francium . . lithium . . . liquid lithium . . . lithium isotopes . . potassium . . . liquid potassium . . . potassium isotopes . . . potassium 38 . . . potassium 39 . . . potassium 40 . . rubidium . . . rubidium isotopes . . . . rubidium 86 . . sodium . . . liquid sodium . . . sodium isotopes . . . . sodium 22 . . . . sodium 24 . . . sodium vapor metals . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 133 . . . . cesium 134 . . . . cesium 137 . . . . cesium 144 . . cesium vapor . . francium . . lithium . . . liquid lithium . . . lithium isotopes . . potassium . . . liquid potassium . . . potassium isotopes . . . potassium 38 . . . potassium 39 . . . potassium 40 . . rubidium . . . rubidium isotopes . . . . rubidium 86 . . sodium . . . liquid sodium . . . sodium isotopes . . . . sodium 22 . . . . sodium 24 . . . sodium vapor RT cesium alloys metal vapors alkali vapor lamps DEF Lamps in which light is produced by an electric discharge between electrodes in an alkali vapor at low or high pressures. GS lighting equipment . luminaires . . flash lamps . . . alkali vapor lamps RT lasers luminescence metal vapors rare earth elements alkalies UF caustics GS bases (chemical) . alkalies . . lithium hydroxides . . potassium hydroxides . . sodium hydroxides RT alkalinity carbonates hydroxides alkaline batteries GS electric generators . direct power generators . . primary batteries . . . alkaline batteries electrochemical cells . electric batteries . . primary batteries . . . alkaline batteries RT storage batteries thermal batteries # alkaline earth compounds SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) UF Group 2A compounds RT alkaline earth metals alkaline earth oxides barium compounds beryllium compounds calcium compounds # chemical compounds magnesium compounds strontium compounds strontium oxides alkaline earth metals GS chemical elements . alkaline earth metals . . barium isotopes metals . alkaline earth metals . . barium isotopes RT# alkaline earth compounds alkaline earth oxides GS chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . alkaline earth oxides . . . . barium oxides . . . . beryllium oxides . . . . . alexandrite . . . . calcium oxides . . . . . akermanite . . . . magnesium oxides . . . . . akermanite . . . . . periclase RT# alkaline earth compounds alkalinity DEF The state of being alkaline. RT alkalies bases (chemical) chemical analysis chemical composition pH salinity soil sampling water pollution water quality alkaloids GS bases (chemical) . alkaloids . . atropine . . betaines . . caffeine . . colchicine . . ergotamine . . hyoscine . . lysergine . . morphine . . nicotinamide . . nicotine . . pilocarpine . . reserpine . . strychnine . . tropyl compounds nitrogen compounds . alkaloids . . atropine . . betaines . . caffeine . . colchicine . . ergotamine . . hyoscine . . lysergine . . morphine . . nicotinamide . . nicotine . . pilocarpine . . reserpine . . strychnine . . tropyl compounds organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . alkaloids . . . . atropine . . . . betaines . . . . caffeine . . . . colchicine . . . . ergotamine . . . . hyoscine . . . . lysergine . . . . morphine . . . . nicotinamide . . . . nicotine . . . . pilocarpine . . . . reserpine . . . . strychnine . . . . tropyl compounds RT curare drugs marijuana quinoline alkalosis RT acidosis hyperventilation pH pH factor toxicity alkanes UF saturated hydrocarbons GS organic compounds . hydrocarbons . . aliphatic hydrocarbons . . . alkanes . . . butanes . . . . cetane . . . ethane . . . heptanes . . . . methane . . . . nitropropane . . . nonanes . . . . octanes . . . . paraffins . . . . . ceresin . . . pentanes . . . . . neopentane . . . propane RT hydrocarbon fuels waxes alkenes UF olefins GS organic compounds . hydrocarbons . . aliphatic hydrocarbons . . . alkenes . . . butenes . . . ethylene . . . . vinylidene . . . . hexenes . . . . propylene . . . . trienes RT alkynes oxetane polymers terpenes alkoxides (added January 1995) UF alcoholates GS chalcogenides . oxides . . alkoxides RT alcohols organometallic compounds sol-gel processes alkyd resins GS resins . alkyd resins RT adhesives protective coatings alkyl compounds GS alkyl compounds . alkylidene . cetyl compounds . dibutyl compounds . hexyl compounds . isopropyl nitrate . methyl nitrate . propyl nitrate . tetrabutyls . triethyl compounds . trimethyl compounds RT# chemical compounds organic compounds alkylates GS esters . alkylates RT alkylation alkylation UF oxyalkylation GS chemical reactions . alkylation RT alkylates Friedel-Craft reaction methylation refining alkylferrocene GS iron compounds . ferrocenes . . alkylferrocene organometallic compounds . ferrocenes . . alkylferrocene alkylidene GS alkyl compounds . alkylidene alkynes GS organic compounds . hydrocarbons . . aliphatic hydrocarbons . . . alkynes . . . . acetylene . . . . oxyacetylene RT alkenes cyclic AMP cyclic hydrocarbons all sky photography GS imagery . photography . . all sky photography RT black and white photography cloud photographs cloud photography wide angle lenses Allegheny Plateau (US) GS land . Allegheny Plateau (US) landforms . terraces (landforms) . . plateaus . . . Allegheny Plateau (US) RT Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Allende meteorite GS celestial bodies . meteorites . . stony meteorites . . . carbonaceous meteorites . . . . carbonaceous chondrites . . . . . Allende meteorite . . . chondrites . . . . carbonaceous chondrites . . . . . Allende meteorite allergic diseases RT anaphylaxis contact dermatitis immunology allocations UF assignment GS allocations . resource allocation RT allowances budgeting commercial energy cost effectiveness distributing # distribution domestic energy economic analysis economic factors engineering management estimates federal budgets financial management industrial energy matrix management procurement management project planning research management revenue transportation energy allotropy RT austenite crystal structure polymorphism allowances RT allocations clearances # compensation precision productivity regulations reliability sampling tolerances (mechanics) alloxan GS organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . pyrimidines . . . . alloxan RT thymidine thymine uracil uric acid alloying RT additives alloys aluminum-lithium alloys bimetals binary alloys eutectic alloys eutectics intermetallics # metallurgy mischmetal powder metallurgy pyrometallurgy quaternary alloys solid solutions ternary alloys alloys DEF Substances having metallic properties and being composed of two or more chemical elements of which at least one is an elemental metal. GS alloys . antimony alloys . . babbitt metal . arsenic alloys . barium alloys . bearing alloys . binary alloys . bismuth alloys . boron alloys . cadmium alloys . cast alloys . cesium alloys . chromium alloys . . Astroloy (trademark) . . chromium steels . . Rene 41 . . Rene 63 . . Rene 77 . . Rene 95 . cobalt alloys . . Astroloy (trademark) . . Rene 41 . . Rene 63 . . Rene 77 . . Rene 95 . constantan . copper alloys . . babbitt metal . . brasses . . bronzes . . Manganin (trademark) . eutectic alloys . gallium alloys . germanium alloys . gold alloys . hafnium alloys . heat resistant alloys . . nimonic alloys . . refractory metal alloys . . . molybdenum alloys . . . . Rene 41 . . . . Rene 63 . . . . Rene 77 . . . . Rene 95 . . . niobium alloys . . . osmium alloys . . . rhenium alloys . . . tantalum alloys . . . tungsten alloys . . Udimet alloys . . Waspaloy . high strength alloys . . Astroloy (trademark) . . high strength steels . . . maraging steels . indium alloys . iridium alloys . iron alloys . . steels . . . bainitic steel . . . carbon steels . . . . low carbon steels . . . chromium steels . . . Croloy . . . high strength steels . . . . maraging steels . . . nickel steels . . . stainless steels . . . . austenitic stainless steels . . . ferritic stainless steels . . . . martensitic stainless steels . Kovar (trademark) . lead alloys . light alloys . . aluminum alloys . . . aluminum-lithium alloys . . beryllium alloys . . magnesium alloys . liquid alloys . lithium alloys . . aluminum-lithium alloys . manganese alloys . . Manganin (trademark) . mercury alloys . . mercury amalgams . monotectic alloys . mulberry (alloy) . nickel alloys . . Astroloy (trademark) . . Hastelloy (trademark) . . Inconel (trademark) . . kamacite . . Monel (trademark) . . Nichrome (trademark) . . nitinol alloys . . Rene 41 . . Rene 63 . . Rene 77 . . Rene 95 . . Udimet alloys . . Waspaloy . palladium alloys . Permalloys (trademark) . platinum alloys . plutonium alloys . potassium alloys . quaternary alloys . rare earth alloys . . erbium alloys . . gadolinium alloys . . lanthanum alloys . . mischmetal . . neodymium alloys . rhodium alloys . ruthenium alloys . selenium alloys . shape memory alloys . . nitinol alloys . silicon alloys . silver alloys . sodium alloys . solders . syntectic alloys . tellurium alloys . ternary alloys . . Astroloy (trademark) . thallium alloys . thorium alloys . tin alloys . . babbitt metal . titanium alloys . . nitinol alloys . uranium alloys . vanadium alloys . wrought alloys . yttrium alloys . zinc alloys . zirconium alloys . . Zircaloys (trademark) . . . Zircaloy 2 (trademark) RT alloying bimetals binary systems (materials) dispersion strengthening embedded atom method eutectic composites eutectics ferrous metals hardeners heat treatment intermetallics Kondo effect Laves phases liquid phases metallography metalloids # metallurgy metals mixtures oxide dispersion strengthening phase diagrams powder metallurgy precipitates rheocasting solid solutions stress relieving ternary systems alluvium DEF Soil, the constituents of which have been transported in suspension by flowing water and subsequently deposited by sedimentation. GS soils . alluvium RT clays deltas fans (landforms) floods gravels hydrology mud rivers sands sedimentary rocks sediments streams water flow all-weather air navigation GS navigation . air navigation . . all-weather air navigation RT Doppler navigation inertial navigation navigation aids radar navigation radio navigation solar compasses Tacan all-weather landing systems GS landing aids . instrument landing systems . . all-weather landing systems RT aircraft landing aircraft safety flight safety low visibility # systems allyl compounds RT# chemical compounds diallyl compounds almucantar USE elevation angle Aloha system DEF A multiple random access communications scheme in which there is a nonfixed allocation of channel capacity, so that the channel is available to any terminal whenever it has a packet ready for transmission. GS networks . communication networks . . Aloha system telecommunication . multiple access . . Aloha system . packet transmission . . Aloha system transmission . signal transmission . . data transmission . . . multiple access . . . . Aloha system . . . packet transmission . . . . Aloha system RT channel capacity channel noise code division multiple access computer networks frequency division multiple access packets (communication) random access satellite transmission # systems time division multiple access transmission efficiency VSAT (network) Alouette 1 satellite UF S-27 satellite GS artificial satellites . Alouette satellites . . Alouette 1 satellite Canadian spacecraft . Alouette satellites . . Alouette 1 satellite RT ionospheric sounding Alouette 2 satellite GS artificial satellites . Alouette satellites . . Alouette 2 satellite . ISIS satellites . . Alouette 2 satellite Canadian spacecraft . Alouette satellites . . Alouette 2 satellite RT ionospheric sounding Alouette 3 helicopter USE SE-3160 helicopter Alouette B satellite GS artificial satellites . Alouette satellites . . Alouette B satellite Canadian spacecraft . Alouette satellites . . Alouette B satellite RT ISIS-X Alouette helicopters GS Sud Aviation aircraft . Alouette helicopters . . SA-330 helicopter . . SE-3160 helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . Alouette helicopters . . . . SA-330 helicopter . . . . SE-3160 helicopter RT# aircraft Alouette project GS programs . projects . . Alouette project . space programs . . Canadian space program . . . Alouette project RT cosmic noise data acquisition ionospheric sounding ISIS-A Alouette satellites GS artificial satellites . Alouette satellites . . Alouette 1 satellite . . Alouette 2 satellite . . Alouette B satellite Canadian spacecraft . Alouette satellites . . Alouette 1 satellite . . Alouette 2 satellite . . Alouette B satellite RT ISIS satellites alpha decay DEF The radioactive transformation of a nuclide by alpha-particle emission. GS decay . radioactive decay . . alpha decay nuclear reactions . radioactive decay . . alpha decay RT fine structure selection rules (nuclear physics) Alpha jet aircraft GS attack aircraft . fighter aircraft . . Alpha jet aircraft jet aircraft . Alpha jet aircraft training aircraft . Alpha jet aircraft RT# aircraft # military aircraft Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (added June 1998) UF AMS (spectrometer) GS measuring instruments . spectrometers . . Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer RT antimatter Cerenkov counters cosmic rays dark matter International Space Station interstellar matter magnetic spectroscopy space station payloads spaceborne astronomy alpha particles SN (EMITTED BY NUCLEI) DEF Positively charged particles emitted from the nuclei of certain atoms during radioactive disintegration. Used for alpha radiation. UF alpha radiation GS ionizing radiation . alpha particles particles . charged particles . . energetic particles . . . nuclei (nuclear physics) . . . . alpha particles . corpuscular radiation . . energetic particles . . . nuclei (nuclear physics) . . . . alpha particles . elementary particles . . bosons . . . alpha particles . nuclear particles . . bosons . . . alpha particles RT alphatrons corpuscular radiation cosmic rays deuteron irradiation deuterons flux density helium helium ions ions nuclear radiation nucleons protons # radiation radioactivity solar wind velocity tritons alpha plasma devices GS plasma accelerators . alpha plasma devices RT# devices Hall accelerators magnetohydrodynamics plasma physics plasmas (physics) alpha radiation USE alpha particles alphabets RT abbreviations alphanumeric characters coding languages symbols alphanumeric characters DEF Characters in a set that contain both letters and digits, but they usually also contain other characters such as punctuation symbols. GS symbols . alphanumeric characters . . digits . . . binary digits RT alphabets instruction sets (computers) light emitting diodes # numbers alphatrons GS measuring instruments . pressure gages . . vacuum gages . . . ionization gages . . . . alphatrons vacuum apparatus . vacuum gages . . ionization gages . . . alphatrons RT alpha particles Alpine meteorology DEF Wind, precipitation, atmospheric physics, and other climatological phenomena peculiar to the Alps and/or other similar mountainous areas. GS meteorology . Alpine meteorology RT aeronomy clouds (meteorology) nephanalysis precipitation (meteorology) storms (meteorology) weather wind (meteorology) Alps Mountains (Europe) GS landforms . mountains . . Alps Mountains (Europe) RT Austria Europe Italy Switzerland West Germany ALS (launch system) USE Advanced Launch System (STS) ALSEP USE Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package Altair engine USE X-248 engine alteration USE revisions alternating current UF AC (current) GS electric current . alternating current electricity . alternating current RT current converters (AC to DC) direct current induction motors inverted converters (DC to AC) voltage converters (AC to AC) alternating current generators USE AC generators alternating direction implicit methods UF ADI methods GS problem solving . alternating direction implicit methods RT differential equations numerical analysis partial differential equations alternations GS variations . periodic variations . . alternations RT cycles intervals rhythm (biology) alternatives RT options substitutes variations alternators (generators) USE AC generators altimeters DEF Instruments for measuring height above a reference datum. GS measuring instruments . distance measuring equipment . . altimeters . . . laser altimeters . . . radio altimeters RT aircraft instruments altimetry altitude approach indicators astrolabes barometers flight instruments hypsometers landing instruments navigation aids navigation instruments position indicators range finders rate of climb indicators satellite altimetry altimetry GS altimetry . satellite altimetry RT altimeters altitude elevation geodesy geoids radar measurement topography altitude DEF In astronomy, angular displacement above the horizon. Also height, especially radial distance as measured above a given datum, as average sea level. GS altitude . flight altitude . high altitude . low altitude . midaltitude . sea level RT altimeters altimetry apexes azimuth distance elevation elevation angle height position (location) altitude acclimatization DEF A physiological adaptation to reduced atmospheric and oxygen pressure. GS adaptation . acclimatization . . altitude acclimatization RT mountain inhabitants altitude control RT# control laser altimeters lateral control longitudinal control spacing altitude sickness DEF In general, any sickness brought on by exposure to reduced oxygen tension and barometric pressure. GS sicknesses . altitude sickness RT aeroembolism aerosinusitis aerospace medicine decompression sickness altitude simulation UF simulated altitude GS simulation . environment simulation . . altitude simulation RT computerized simulation flight simulation high altitude environments hypobaric atmospheres landing simulation space environment simulation thermal simulation training devices vacuum chambers altitude tests GS altitude tests . high altitude tests RT engine tests flight tests full scale tests high altitude environments test vehicles # tests altitude tolerance GS tolerances (physiology) . altitude tolerance RT high altitude breathing high altitude environments high altitude pressure hypobaric atmospheres low pressure ALU (computer components) USE arithmetic and logic units alum GS aluminum compounds . alum potassium compounds . alum sulfur compounds . sulfates . . alum alumina USE aluminum oxides aluminates GS aluminum compounds . aluminates RT aluminum oxides # oxygen compounds spinel aluminides DEF Intermetallic compounds of aluminum and a transition metal. GS aluminum compounds . aluminides . . iron aluminides . . nickel aluminides . . titanium aluminides RT aluminum alloys aluminum coatings heat resistant alloys intermetallics nickel alloys protective coatings titanium alloys aluminizing USE aluminum coatings aluminum GS chemical elements . aluminum . . aluminum isotopes . . . aluminum 26 . . . aluminum 27 metals . aluminum . . aluminum isotopes . . . aluminum 26 . . . aluminum 27 RT aluminum alloys Boral Borsic (tradename) cryolite dawsonite powdered aluminum reaction bonding sialon sintered aluminum powder aluminum 26 GS chemical elements . aluminum . . aluminum isotopes . . . aluminum 26 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . aluminum isotopes . . . . aluminum 26 metals . aluminum . . aluminum isotopes . . . aluminum 26 aluminum 27 GS chemical elements . aluminum . . aluminum isotopes . . . aluminum 27 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . aluminum isotopes . . . . aluminum 27 metals . aluminum . . aluminum isotopes . . . aluminum 27 aluminum alloys GS alloys . light alloys . . aluminum alloys . . . aluminum-lithium alloys RT aluminides aluminum bearing alloys gallium alloys indium alloys iron aluminides lamella (metallurgy) lithium alloys mischmetal silicon alloys vanadium alloys aluminum antimonides GS aluminum compounds . aluminum antimonides antimony compounds . antimonides . . aluminum antimonides aluminum arsenides DEF Binary compounds of aluminum with negative, trivalent arsenic. GS aluminum compounds . aluminum arsenides . . aluminum gallium arsenides . . indium aluminum arsenides arsenic compounds . arsenides . . aluminum arsenides . . . aluminum gallium arsenides . . . indium aluminum arsenides RT semiconductors (materials) aluminum borohydrides GS aluminum compounds . aluminum hydrides . . aluminum borohydrides boron compounds . borohydrides . . aluminum borohydrides . boron hydrides . . aluminum borohydrides hydrogen compounds . hydrides . . borohydrides . . . aluminum borohydrides . . boron hydrides . . . aluminum borohydrides . . metal hydrides . . . aluminum hydrides . . . . aluminum borohydrides aluminum boron composites DEF Structural materials composed of aluminum alloys reinforced with boron fibers (filaments). GS composite materials . boron reinforced materials . . aluminum boron composites . metal matrix composites . . aluminum boron composites RT boron fibers fiber composites aluminum carbides GS aluminum compounds . aluminum carbides carbon compounds . carbides . . aluminum carbides aluminum chlorides GS aluminum compounds . aluminum chlorides halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorides . . . aluminum chlorides . halides . . chlorides . . . aluminum chlorides . . metal halides . . . aluminum chlorides aluminum coatings UF aluminizing GS coatings . metal coatings . . aluminum coatings RT aluminides aluminum compounds GS aluminum compounds . alum . aluminates . aluminides . . iron aluminides . . nickel aluminides . . titanium aluminides . aluminum antimonides . aluminum arsenides . . aluminum gallium arsenides . . indium aluminum arsenides . aluminum carbides . aluminum chlorides . aluminum fluorides . aluminum hydrides . . aluminum borohydrides . aluminum nitrides . aluminum oxides . . alexandrite . . sapphire . aluminum perchlorates . aluminum silicates . . andesite . . gehlenite . . kaolinite . . montmorillonite . . pyrophyllite . beryl . . alexandrite . cordierite . cryolite . feldspars . lithium aluminum hydrides . muscovite . nepheline . nephelite . organic aluminum compounds . spodumene . tourmaline RT# chemical compounds # Group 3A compounds # metal compounds metal fuels metal propellants aluminum fluorides GS aluminum compounds . aluminum fluorides halogen compounds . fluorine compounds . . fluorides . . . metal fluorides . . . . aluminum fluorides . halides . . fluorides . . . metal fluorides . . . . aluminum fluorides . . metal halides . . . metal fluorides . . . . aluminum fluorides aluminum gallium arsenide lasers (added November 1991) GS electronic equipment . solid state devices . . semiconductor devices . . . semiconductor lasers . . . . aluminum gallium arsenide lasers . . solid state lasers . . . aluminum gallium arsenide lasers stimulated emission devices . lasers . . semiconductor lasers . . . aluminum gallium arsenide lasers . . solid state lasers . . . aluminum gallium arsenide lasers RT gallium arsenide lasers injection lasers waveguide lasers aluminum gallium arsenides DEF Compounds exhibiting characteristics suitable for use in laser devices, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, etc. Used for AlGaAs. UF AlGaAs GS aluminum compounds . aluminum arsenides . . aluminum gallium arsenides arsenic compounds . arsenides . . aluminum arsenides . . . aluminum gallium arsenides . . gallium arsenides . . . aluminum gallium arsenides gallium compounds . gallium arsenides . . aluminum gallium arsenides RT MODFETS negative resistance devices aluminum graphite composites DEF Structural materials composed of aluminum alloys reinforced with graphite. GS composite materials . metal matrix composites . . aluminum graphite composites RT fiber composites graphite aluminum hydrides GS aluminum compounds . aluminum hydrides . . aluminum borohydrides hydrogen compounds . hydrides . . metal hydrides . . . aluminum hydrides . . . . aluminum borohydrides aluminum isotopes GS chemical elements . aluminum . . aluminum isotopes . . . aluminum 26 . . . aluminum 27 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . aluminum isotopes . . . . aluminum 26 . . . . aluminum 27 metals . aluminum . . aluminum isotopes . . . aluminum 26 . . . aluminum 27 aluminum nitrides GS aluminum compounds . aluminum nitrides nitrogen compounds . nitrides . . metal nitrides . . . aluminum nitrides aluminum oxides UF alumina corundum GS aluminum compounds . aluminum oxides . . alexandrite . . sapphire chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . aluminum oxides . . . . alexandrite . . . sapphire RT abrasives aluminates bauxite energy absorption films gehlenite kaolinite nanocomposites pyrophyllite ruby thermites aluminum perchlorates GS aluminum compounds . aluminum perchlorates halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . perchlorates . . . aluminum perchlorates aluminum silicates GS aluminum compounds . aluminum silicates . . andesite . . gehlenite . . kaolinite . . montmorillonite . . pyrophyllite silicon compounds . silicates . . aluminum silicates . . . andesite . . . gehlenite . . . kaolinite . . . montmorillonite . . . pyrophyllite RT minerals mullites aluminum-lithium alloys (added August 1991) DEF Light alloys consisting primarily of aluminum and lithium. GS alloys . light alloys . . aluminum alloys . . . aluminum-lithium alloys . lithium alloys . . aluminum-lithium alloys RT aircraft construction materials airframe materials alloying copper alloys high strength alloys magnesium alloys alveolar air DEF The respiratory air in the alveoli (air sacs) deep within the lungs. GS gases . gas mixtures . . air . . . alveolar air mixtures . solutions . . gas mixtures . . . air . . . . alveolar air RT exhalation expired air lungs alveoli DEF The terminal air sacs deep within the lungs. GS anatomy . respiratory system . . lungs . . . alveoli RT lung morphology pulmonary circulation pulmonary functions respiration AM (modulation) USE amplitude modulation AM-1 (EOS) spacecraft USE Terra spacecraft amalgams USE mercury amalgams Amalthea DEF Innermost satellite of Jupiter. GS celestial bodies . natural satellites . . Jupiter satellites . . . Amalthea RT Jupiter (planet) solar system Amazon region (South America) GS regions . tropical regions . . Amazon region (South America) RT Brazil forests river basins rivers Amberlite (trademark) RT asbestos thermal insulation ambience RT acoustic measurement environmental monitoring environments noise (sound) pollution monitoring ambient temperature DEF Temperature of surrounding medium. Used for environmental temperature. UF environmental temperature GS temperature . ambient temperature RT atmospheric temperature operating temperature room temperature satellite temperature ambiguity RT intelligibility positioning ambipolar diffusion GS diffusion . ambipolar diffusion RT electron diffusion electron mobility ionic diffusion ionic mobility plasma diffusion ambit USE field theory (physics) ambulances RT medical services # military vehicles safety devices American Indians RT anthropology culture (social sciences) ethnic factors minorities races (anthropology) americium GS chemical elements . actinide series . . transuranium elements . . . americium . . . . americium isotopes . . . . americium 241 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . transuranium elements . . . . americium . . . . . americium isotopes . . . . . . . americium 241 metals . actinide series . . transuranium elements . . . americium . . . . americium isotopes . . . . americium 241 americium 241 GS chemical elements . actinide series . . transuranium elements . . . americium . . . . americium isotopes . . . . americium 241 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . transuranium elements . . . . americium . . . . . americium isotopes . . . . . . americium 241 metals . actinide series . . transuranium elements . . . americium . . . . americium isotopes . . . . americium 241 americium isotopes GS chemical elements . actinide series . . transuranium elements . . . americium . . . . americium isotopes . . . . americium 241 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . transuranium elements . . . . americium . . . . . americium isotopes . . . . . . . americium 241 metals . actinide series . . transuranium elements . . . americium . . . . americium isotopes . . . . americium 241 amidase GS biopolymers . proteins . . enzymes . . . amidase organic compounds . proteins . . enzymes . . . amidase RT amino acids amides GS nitrogen compounds . amides . . acetanilide . . acetazolamide . . carbamides . . cyanamides . . formhydroxamic acid . . nicotinamide . . oxamic acids . . polyimides . . . bismaleimide . . . Kapton (trademark) . . succinimides . . ureas . . . difluorourea . . . thioureas . . . thiuronium RT imides amines GS amines . aminophylline . amphetamines . . methamphetamine . aniline . catecholamine . . epinephrine . . norepinephrine . cysteamine . diamines . . ethylenediamine . . guanidines . . . guanethidine . . . triaminoguanidinium azide . difluorourea . dimenhydrinate . dimethylhydrazines . diphenyl hydantoin . ergotamine . fluoroamines . . nitrofluoramines . . trifluoroamine oxide . gallamine triethiodide . hexamethylenetetramine . histidine . hydroxylamine sulfate . hyoscine . mecamylamine . melamine . methylene diamine . monoethanolamine (MEA) . nitroamines . nitrosamine . promethazine . tetrafluorohydrazine . tetryl . thiuronium . trinitramine . tryptamines . . serotonin RT# aliphatic compounds histamines hydrazines hydrocarbon fuels imines Lewis base nitrosyls phenolic epoxy resins rhodamine amino acids GS acids . amino acids . . alanine . . . phenylalanine . . aspartic acid . . cysteine . . dopa . . folic acid . . glutamic acid . . glutamine . . glycine . . hippuric acid . . histidine . . leucine . . . norleucine . . lysine . . melanoidin . . methionine . . thyroxine . . tryptophan . . tyrosine organic compounds . amino acids . . alanine . . . phenylalanine . . aspartic acid . . cysteine . . dopa . . folic acid . . glutamic acid . . glutamine . . glycine . . hippuric acid . . histidine . . leucine . . . norleucine . . lysine . . melanoidin . . methionine . . thyroxine . . tryptophan . . tyrosine RT adenosine triphosphate adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) amidase aspartates cyclic AMP cysteamine lipids peptides polypeptides protoproteins synthetic food uridylic acid zwitterions amino radical GS hydrogen compounds . hydrides . . nitrogen hydrides . . . amino radical nitrogen compounds . nitrogen hydrides . . amino radical radicals . amino radical RT ammonia anions free radicals molecular ions reaction kinetics aminophylline GS amines . aminophylline diuretics . aminophylline drugs . aminophylline RT stimulants ammeters DEF An instrument for measuring the magnitude of an electric current. GS measuring instruments . ammeters . . micromilliammeters . . thermoelement ammeters RT coulometers electric current electrical measurement galvanometers voltmeters ammines RT ammonia # chemical compounds copper intermetallics # metal compounds ammonia GS gases . ammonia . . liquid ammonia inorganic compounds . ammonia . . liquid ammonia nitrogen compounds . ammonia . . liquid ammonia RT absorption cooling amino radical ammines ammonium compounds ammonolysis atmospheric energy sources cultivation fertilizers Kjeldahl method nitrogen hydrides refrigerants ammonium bromides GS ammonium compounds . ammonium bromides halogen compounds . bromine compounds . . bromides . . . ammonium bromides . halides . . bromides . . . ammonium bromides ammonium chlorides GS ammonium compounds . ammonium chlorides halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorides . . . ammonium chlorides . halides . . chlorides . . . ammonium chlorides ammonium compounds GS ammonium compounds . ammonium bromides . ammonium chlorides . ammonium nitrates . ammonium perchlorates . ammonium phosphates . ammonium picrates . ammonium sulfates . hydroxylammonium perchlorates RT ammonia # chemical compounds hexamethonium ammonium nitrates GS ammonium compounds . ammonium nitrates nitrogen compounds . nitrates . . inorganic nitrates . . . ammonium nitrates RT cultivation fertilizers ammonium perchlorates GS ammonium compounds . ammonium perchlorates halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . perchlorates . . . ammonium perchlorates RT solid rocket propellants ammonium phosphates GS ammonium compounds . ammonium phosphates phosphorus compounds . phosphates . . ammonium phosphates ammonium picrates GS ammonium compounds . ammonium picrates nitrogen compounds . nitro compounds . . picrates . . . ammonium picrates RT explosives ammonium sulfates GS ammonium compounds . ammonium sulfates sulfur compounds . sulfates . . ammonium sulfates ammonolysis GS chemical reactions . ammonolysis decomposition . ammonolysis RT ammonia cracking (chemical engineering) hydrolysis ammunition GS ammunition . incendiary ammunition RT blanks bombs (ordnance) case bonded propellants explosive devices explosives fuses (ordnance) grenades guns (ordnance) igniters magazines (supply chambers) mines (ordnance) missiles ordnance projectiles propellants pyrotechnics # rockets shaped charges # shot torpedoes # tracers warheads weapons amobarbital GS acids . amobarbital RT central nervous system depressants amoeba GS animals . protozoa . . amoeba . . . pelomyxa microorganisms . protozoa . . amoeba . . . pelomyxa RT parasitic diseases AMOOS USE Aeromaneuvering Orbit to Orbit Shuttle Amor asteroid DEF One group of Earth-approaching asteroids with orbits between the planets Mars and Jupiter. Used for Minor Planet 1221. UF Minor Planet 1221 GS celestial bodies . asteroids . . Amor asteroid RT asteroid belts astronomy Jupiter (planet) Mars (planet) planetary orbits solar system amorphous materials GS amorphous materials . amorphous silicon RT asphalt carbon nitrides crystallinity glass graphoepitaxy grout # materials spin glass amorphous semiconductors GS semiconductors (materials) . amorphous semiconductors . . amorphous silicon RT semiconducting films amorphous silicon GS amorphous materials . amorphous silicon chemical elements . metalloids . . silicon . . . amorphous silicon semiconductors (materials) . amorphous semiconductors . . amorphous silicon RT diamond films photovoltaic cells semiconducting films silicon films silicon junctions solar cells thin films amount UF quantity RT addition sums value amperage USE electric current amphetamines GS amines . amphetamines . . methamphetamine RT central nervous system stimulants amphibia GS animals . vertebrates . . amphibia . . . frogs RT poikilothermia amphibious aircraft GS amphibious vehicles . amphibious aircraft RT# aircraft seaplanes water takeoff and landing aircraft amphibious vehicles GS amphibious vehicles . amphibious aircraft RT boats # military vehicles seaplanes ships surface vehicles # vehicles water vehicles amphiboles DEF A group of dark, rock-forming, ferromagnesian silicate minerals closely related in crystal form and composition. GS minerals . amphiboles RT calcium silicates silicates Amphitrite asteroid GS celestial bodies . asteroids . . Amphitrite asteroid RT asteroid belts Galileo project amplidynes GS electric generators . rotating generators . . amplidynes RT amplifiers electric motors power amplifiers servomotors amplification UF amplification factor gain (amplification) intensification GS amplification . antenna gain . high gain . power gain . sound amplification . wave amplification RT amplifiers amplitudes dynamic characteristics dynamic range dynamic response fluid amplifiers fluidics magnification positive feedback sensitivity stability transfer functions transient response amplification factor USE amplification amplifier design RT amplifiers computer aided design # design logic design operational amplifiers product development traveling wave amplifiers amplifiers DEF Devices which enable an input signal to control a source of power whose output is an enlarged reproduction of the essential characteristics of the signal. Used for electronic amplifiers. UF electronic amplifiers GS amplifiers . beam plasma amplifiers . broadband amplifiers . carcinotrons . current amplifiers . . photomultiplier tubes . . . frequency modulation photomultipliers . differential amplifiers . distributed amplifiers . feedback amplifiers . fluid amplifiers . . jet amplifiers . intermediate frequency amplifiers . light amplifiers . limiter amplifiers . linear amplifiers . magnetic amplifiers . magnetostatic amplifiers . microwave amplifiers . . crossed field amplifiers . . cyclotron resonance devices . . planotrons . cascode devices . operational amplifiers . parametric amplifiers . postamplifiers . power amplifiers . preamplifiers . push-pull amplifiers . quantum amplifiers . servoamplifiers . transistor amplifiers . traveling wave amplifiers . voltage amplifiers RT amplidynes amplification amplifier design # boosters capacitors circuits dynamic range # electric cells electric choppers image intensifiers intensifiers klystrons laser cavities lasers linear circuits masers modulators multivibrators oscillators receivers repeaters solid state devices stimulated emission devices transformers traveling wave masers amplitrons (trademark) USE planotrons amplitude distribution analysis UF amplitude probability analysis GS statistical analysis . amplitude distribution analysis RT photopeak pulse amplitude signal to noise ratios signatures amplitude modulation DEF In general, modulation in which the amplitude of a wave is the characteristic subject to variation. UF AM (modulation) GS coding . signal encoding . . amplitude modulation . . . quadrature amplitude modulation modulation . amplitude modulation . . quadrature amplitude modulation RT Bragg cells demodulation demodulators frequency modulation light modulation modulators P.A.C.M. telemetry phase modulation pulse modulation single sideband transmission amplitude probability analysis USE amplitude distribution analysis amplitudes DEF The maximum value of the displacement of a wave or other periodic phenomenon from a reference position. Also, angular distance north or south of the prime vertical; the arc of the horizon, or the angle at the zenith between the prime vertical and a vertical circle, measured north or south from the prime vertical to the vertical circle. GS amplitudes . pulse amplitude . scattering amplitude RT amplification cycles dimensions displacement frequencies # intensity level (quantity) magnitude oscillations phase deviation picosecond pulses pulses standing wave ratios vibration ampoules DEF Glass containers designed to be filled and sealed by fusion of the glass neck. RT# containers laboratory equipment vacuum systems AMPS (satellite payload) UF Atmospheric and Magnetospheric Payload plasmas-in-space payload GS measuring instruments . satellite-borne instruments . . AMPS (satellite payload) payloads . Spacelab payloads . . AMPS (satellite payload) RT instrument packages AMPTE (satellites) SN (ACTIVE MAGNETOSPHERIC PARTICLE TRACER EXPLORERS) UF Active Magneto Particle Tracer Explorers GS artificial satellites . scientific satellites . . AMPTE (satellites) RT Earth magnetosphere European space programs satellite-borne instruments solar wind space plasmas spaceborne experiments AMS (spectrometer) USE Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer AMSU (radiometer) USE Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit AMTV USE automated mixed traffic vehicles AN-2 aircraft GS Antonov aircraft . AN-2 aircraft biplanes . AN-2 aircraft transport aircraft . AN-2 aircraft RT agricultural aircraft # aircraft AN-22 aircraft UF Antheus aircraft Antonov AN-22 aircraft Cock aircraft GS Antonov aircraft . AN-22 aircraft jet aircraft . turboprop aircraft . . AN-22 aircraft monoplanes . AN-22 aircraft transport aircraft . AN-22 aircraft RT# aircraft passenger aircraft AN-24 aircraft UF Antonov AN-24 aircraft Coke aircraft GS Antonov aircraft . AN-24 aircraft jet aircraft . turboprop aircraft . . AN-24 aircraft monoplanes . AN-24 aircraft transport aircraft . AN-24 aircraft RT# aircraft passenger aircraft anabaena GS plants (botany) . algae . . blue green algae . . . anabaena . thermophilic plants . . blue green algae . . . anabaena anaerobes RT aerobes bacteria microorganisms sewage treatment analgesia RT anesthesia drugs pain analog circuits GS circuits . analog circuits RT data converters operational amplifiers rheoelectrical simulation analog computers DEF Computers that work on the principle of measuring, as distinguished from counting, in which the input data is analogous to a measurement continuum such as linear lengths, voltages, or resistances which can be manipulated by the computer. GS data processing equipment . computers . . analog computers . . . EAI 680 computer . . . Honeywell 600/6000 computer . . . SIGMA 5 computer . . . Univac 1100 series computers . . . . Univac 1105 computer . . . . Univac 1106 computer . . . . Univac 1107 computer . . . . Univac 1108 computer . . . . Univac 1110 computer RT differential amplifiers differential analyzers digital computers discriminators functional integration hybrid computers missile control operational amplifiers resolvers signal analyzers spectral resolution analog data RT binary data # data data converters data processing digital data # measurement video compression video data analog simulation GS models . mathematical models . . analog simulation simulation . computerized simulation . . analog simulation RT computer systems simulation digital simulation flight simulation rheoelectrical simulation systems simulation analog to digital converters DEF Devices for converting non-digital information into digits. Used for digitizers. UF digitizers GS data converters . analog to digital converters RT coders coding # converters data acquisition digital computers digital electronics digital systems digital to analog converters Illiac 3 computer Illiac 4 computer peripheral equipment (computers) plotting analogies UF similarities GS analogies . hydraulic analogies RT comparison homology simulation analogs RT models simulators analysis USE analyzing analysis (mathematics) DEF That part of the field of mathematics which arises from the calculus and which deals primarily with functions. GS analysis (mathematics) . aperiodic functions . calculus . . continuity (mathematics) . . differential calculus . . Fourier-Bessel transformations . . Graeff calculus . . integral calculus . . limits (mathematics) . . series (mathematics) . . . asymptotic series . . . Campbell-Hausdorff series . . . cosine series . . . Fourier series . . . Pade approximation . . . power series . . . . Taylor series . . . . . MacLaurin series . . . progressions . . . Prony series . . . sine series . . vector analysis . . . collinearity . . . coplanarity . . . curl (vectors) . . . . vorticity . combinatorial analysis . . binomial coefficients . . combinations (mathematics) . . factorials . . partitions (mathematics) . . permutations . complex variables . . Airy function . . analytic functions . . . entire functions . . Bessel functions . . . Hankel functions . . Cauchy integral formula . . conformal mapping . . conjugates . . . conjugate points . . exponential functions . . . logarithms . . gamma function . . harmonic functions . . hyperbolic functions . . hypergeometric functions . . Laguerre functions . . Legendre functions . . Liouville theorem . . Mathieu function . . meromorphic functions . . . elliptic functions . . . rational functions . . nonholonomic equations . . orthogonal functions . . . Walsh function . . Schwarz-Christoffel transformation . . singularity (mathematics) . . . naked singularities . . spherical harmonics . dependent variables . Fourier analysis . . Fourier series . function space . . Banach space . . . Hilbert space . . . Sobolev space . functional analysis . . Banach space . . . Hilbert space . . . Sobolev space . . convolution integrals . . harmonic analysis . . . tesseral harmonics . . . zonal harmonics . . integral equations . . . Fredholm equations . . . J integral . . . singular integral equations . . . Volterra equations . . . Wiener Hopf equations . . integral transformations . . . Fourier transformation . . . . fast Fourier transformations . . . Fourier-Bessel transformations . . . Hilbert transformation . . . Laplace transformation . half planes . half spaces . Hill determinant . numerical analysis . . approximation . . . Born approximation . . . Born-Oppenheimer approximation . . . Chebyshev approximation . . . Eddington approximation . . . essentially non-oscillatory schemes . . . finite difference theory . . . . finite difference time domain method . . . finite element method . . . Hartree approximation . . . least squares method . . . mean square values . . . Milne method . . . multigrid methods . . . Newton methods . . . Newton-Raphson method . . . boundary element method . . . discretization (mathematics) . . . numerical differentiation . . . Oseen approximation . . . Pade approximation . . . particle in cell technique . . . Pohlhausen method . . . predictor-corrector methods . . . Rayleigh-Ritz method . . . relaxation method (mathematics) . . . Reynolds averaging . . . Ritz averaging method . . . Schwartz method . . . Sommerfeld approximation . . . TVD schemes . . . upwind schemes (mathematics) . . . vortex in cell technique . . . . Trefftz method . . boundary integral method . . computational astrophysics . . computational chemistry . . computational electromagnetics . . computational fluid dynamics . . difference equations . . error analysis . . finite volume method . . . Godunov method . . flux difference splitting . . flux vector splitting . . Glimm method . . Graeff calculus . . interpolation . . iteration . . . conjugate gradient method . . . iterative solution . . . Newton methods . . . Newton-Raphson method . . . predictor-corrector methods . . Monte Carlo method . . nomographs . . numerical integration . . . Runge-Kutta method . . direct numerical simulation . . truncation errors . Pfaff equation . phase-space integral . real variables . . Abel function . . asymptotes . . Bessel functions . . . Hankel functions . . Bethe-Salpeter equation . . calculus of variations . . composite functions . . delta function . . differential equations . . . Blasius equation . . . Chandrasekhar equation . . . cosine series . . . Duffing differential equation . . . Falkner-Skan equation . . . hyperbolic differential equations . . . Lame wave equations . . . partial differential equations . . . . biharmonic equations . . . . Burger equation . . . . Cauchy-Riemann equations . . . . elliptic differential equations . . . . . Monge-Ampere equation . . . . Euler-Cauchy equations . . . . Fokker-Planck equation . . . . Gauss equation . . . . Helmholtz vorticity equation . . . . Liouville equations . . . . parabolic differential equations . . . . Poisson equation . . . . vlasov equations . . . Riccati equation . . . vorticity equations . . . . Helmholtz vorticity equation . . Einstein equations . . existence theorems . . extremum values . . . limits (mathematics) . . . maxima . . . minima . . . . Cramer-Rao bounds . . Fourier-Bessel transformations . . Green's functions . . hyperbolic functions . . hyperplanes . . Jacobi integral . . Jacobi matrix method . . kernel functions . . Liapunov functions . . linear equations . . . linear evolution equations . . . Riccati equation . . Lipschitz condition . . measure and integration . . . binary integration . . . Borel sets . . . functional integration . . . integral calculus . . . J integral . . . Lebesgue theorem . . . numerical integration . . . . Runge-Kutta method . . . Stieltjes integral . . . weighting functions . . Neumann problem . . nonlinear equations . . . cubic equations . . . Duffing differential equation . . . Monge-Ampere equation . . . nonlinear evolution equations . . . quadratic equations . . . quartic equations . . numerical differentiation . . periodic functions . . . trigonometric functions . . . . cosine series . . . . sine series . . . . tangents . . series (mathematics) . . . asymptotic series . . . Campbell-Hausdorff series . . . cosine series . . . Fourier series . . . Pade approximation . . . power series . . . . Taylor series . . . . . MacLaurin series . . . progressions . . . Prony series . . . sine series . . Sturm-Liouville theory . . vector analysis . . . collinearity . . . coplanarity . . . curl (vectors) . . . . vorticity . . Weierstrass functions . . Whittaker functions . frequency domain analysis . time domain analysis . . finite difference time domain method RT algebra # analyzing # applications of mathematics discontinuity equilibrium equations geometry # mathematics monotone functions # space trees (mathematics) vector spaces Venn diagrams analysis of variance DEF A systematic statistical procedure for determining the sources and the magnitudes of the errors present in a measurement process, and for assessing the significance of differences between materials, processes, or test methods under study. GS statistical analysis . variance (statistics) . . analysis of variance RT# variance analytic functions UF holomorphism GS analysis (mathematics) . complex variables . . analytic functions . . . entire functions functions (mathematics) . analytic functions . . entire functions RT Cauchy-Riemann equations isoperimetric problem nonholonomic equations power series analytic geometry GS geometry . Euclidean geometry . . analytic geometry . . . catenaries . . . circumferences . . . conics . . . . ellipses . . . hyperbolas . . . . parabolas . . . cycloids . . . epicycloids . . . loci . . . Mercator projection . . . quadrants . . . S curves . . . . Gompertz curves . . . spheroids . . . . oblate spheroids . . . . prolate spheroids . . . tangents . . . toruses . . . trigonometry RT annuli asymptotes calculus coordinates curves (geometry) # cylinders descriptive geometry differential geometry polytopes projective geometry analytical chemistry RT chemical analysis # chemistry inorganic chemistry qualitative analysis quantitative analysis volumetric analysis analyzers SN (EXCLUDES DEVICES FOR PERFORMING MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS) GS measuring instruments . analyzers . . engine analyzers . . signal analyzers RT controllers # detectors monitors selectors # test equipment # analyzing SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) UF analysis instrumental analysis RT activation analysis algebra analysis (mathematics) chemical analysis combinatorial analysis cost analysis creep analysis design analysis diagnosis differential geometry duality principle error analysis evaluation examination failure analysis figure of merit forecasting management analysis multivariate statistical analysis network analysis numerical analysis photointerpretation postflight analysis prediction analysis techniques preflight analysis reliability analysis sensitivity analysis signal analysis signature analysis spectrum analysis statistical analysis stress analysis structural analysis systems analysis terrain analysis thermal analysis training analysis trajectory analysis trend analysis weight analysis x ray analysis anaphylaxis GS sensitivity . anaphylaxis RT allergic diseases antigens immunology sensitizing anastigmatism RT optometry vision anatase UF octahedrite GS chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . titanium oxides . . . . anatase minerals . anatase titanium compounds . titanium oxides . . anatase RT pigments rutile anatomy SN (LIMITED TO ANIMAL ANATOMY) GS anatomy . abdomen . chest . circulatory system . . cardiovascular system . . . blood vessels . . . . arteries . . . . . aorta . . . . capillaries (anatomy) . . . . . glomerulus . . . . veins . . . heart . . . . cardiac auricles . . . . cardiac ventricles . . . . epicardium . . . . myocardium . digestive system . . esophagus . . gastrointestinal system . . . appendix (anatomy) . . . intestines . . . . rectum . . . stomach . . mouth . . . lips (anatomy) . . pancreas . . salivary glands . . teeth . . tongue . face (anatomy) . . chin . . forehead . . mouth . . . lips (anatomy) . . nose (anatomy) . genitourinary system . . bladder . . kidneys . . . glomerulus . . reproductive systems . . . sex glands . . . . gonads . . . . . ovaries . . . . . testes . . . . prostate gland . . . uterus . glands (anatomy) . . endocrine glands . . . adrenal gland . . . gonads . . . . ovaries . . . . testes . . . hypothalamus . . . pancreas . . . parathyroid gland . . . pineal gland . . . pituitary gland . . . thymus gland . . . thyroid gland . . mammary glands . . salivary glands . . sebaceous glands . . sex glands . . . gonads . . . . ovaries . . . . testes . . . prostate gland . head (anatomy) . . skull . . . cranium . . . intracranial cavity . . . mastoids . human body . limbs (anatomy) . . arm (anatomy) . . . elbow (anatomy) . . . forearm . . hand (anatomy) . . . fingers . . leg (anatomy) . . . feet (anatomy) . . . knee (anatomy) . . . thigh . liver . lumbar region . musculoskeletal system . . bones . . . femur . . . pelvis . . . scapula . . . skull . . . . cranium . . . . intracranial cavity . . . . mastoids . . . spine . . . vertebrae . . . sternum . . . tibia . . . ulna . . joints (anatomy) . . . elbow (anatomy) . . . knee (anatomy) . . . wrist . . muscles . . . constrictors . . . diaphragm (anatomy) . . . flexors . . . myocardium . . . tendons . . cartilage . neck (anatomy) . nervous system . . afferent nervous systems . . autonomic nervous system . . . sympathetic nervous system . . central nervous system . . . brain . . . . brain stem . . . . cerebellum . . . cerebral ventricles . . . cerebrum . . . . . cerebral cortex . . . . occipital lobes . . . . diencephalon . . . . . hypothalamus . . . . . pineal gland . . . . . thalamus . . . . hippocampus . . . spinal cord . . efferent nervous systems . . nerves . . . ganglia . . . oculomotor nerves . . peripheral nervous system . peritoneum . pleurae . respiratory system . . bronchi . . diaphragm (anatomy) . . larynx . . . glottis . . . vocal cords . . lungs . . . alveoli . . nose (anatomy) . . paranasal sinuses . . pharynx . . trachea . sciatic region . sense organs . . chemoreceptors . . ear . . . eardrums . . . eustachian tubes . . . labyrinth . . . . cochlea . . . . Corti organ . . . . otolith organs . . . . semicircular canals . . . . vestibules . . . middle ear . . eye (anatomy) . . . choroid membranes . . . conjunctiva . . . cornea . . . oculomotor nerves . . . pupils . . . retina . . . . fovea . . gravireceptors . . . otolith organs . . baroreceptors . . mechanoreceptors . . photoreceptors . . proprioceptors . . thermoreceptors . skin (anatomy) . . epidermis . spleen . thorax . torso RT appendages bifurcation (biology) biodynamics # biology cells (biology) # differentiation differentiation (biology) dorsal sections epithelium exoskeletons hepatitis morphology organs posterior sections tissues (biology) vestibular nystagmus viscera anchors (fasteners) GS fasteners . anchors (fasteners) RT# bands bolts brackets clips couplings guy wires holders mooring nuts (fasteners) screws straps studs (structural members) tetherlines Andes Mountains (South America) GS landforms . mountains . . Andes Mountains (South America) RT South America andesite DEF Volcanic rock composed essentially of andesine and one or more mafic constituents. GS aluminum compounds . aluminum silicates . . andesite rocks . andesite silicon compounds . silicates . . aluminum silicates . . . andesite RT feldspars igneous rocks minerals soils Andorra GS nations . Andorra RT Europe France Pyrenees Mountains (Europe) Spain # Andromeda SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT Andromeda Constellation Andromeda Galaxy Andromeda Constellation GS constellations . Andromeda Constellation RT# Andromeda Andromeda Galaxy Andromeda Galaxy GS celestial bodies . galaxies . . spiral galaxies . . . Andromeda Galaxy RT# Andromeda Andromeda Constellation local group (astronomy) anechoic chambers DEF Enclosures especially designed with boundaries that absorb sufficiently well the sound incident thereon to create an essentially field-free condition in the frequency ranges of interest. GS compartments . test chambers . . anechoic chambers test facilities . anechoic chambers RT acoustic attenuation acoustic measurement acoustics # chambers zero sound anelasticity GS mechanical properties . elastic properties . . anelasticity RT creep properties internal friction modulus of elasticity stress relaxation anemias GS diseases . anemias RT blood blood cells hematocrit ratio hemoglobin ischemia occupational diseases anemometers DEF Instruments used to measure the speed of air currents, usually measured from the rotation of wind drivin cups or from wind pressure through a tube pointed into the wind. GS measuring instruments . anemometers . . drag force anemometers . . hot-film anemometers . . hot-wire anemometers . . laser anemometers . . sonic anemometers RT aircraft instruments flow measurement meteorological instruments speed indicators velocity measurement wind (meteorology) wind measurement wind vanes wind velocity wind velocity measurement anemometry USE velocity measurement anesthesia GS anesthesia . electroanesthesia RT analgesia hypnosis sensory perception unconsciousness anesthesiology GS medical science . anesthesiology RT chloroform clinical medicine depressants diagnosis drugs pharmacology anesthetics GS drugs . anesthetics . . chloroform . . cyclopropane . . methyl chloride . . novocain RT ethers angels (radar) DEF Echos of false radar targets caused by atmospheric inhomogeneity, atmospheric refraction, insects, birds, or unknown phenomena. GS echoes . radar echoes . . angels (radar) RT glint radar cross sections radio echoes angina pectoris GS diseases . heart diseases . . angina pectoris RT anoxia arteriosclerosis coronary artery disease emotional factors heart function heart rate myocardium physical exercise stress (physiology) angiography GS imagery . radiography . . angiography RT brain cardiology cardiovascular system angiosperms RT grains (food) nuts (fruits) plants (botany) vegetables angle of attack DEF The angle between a reference line fixed with respect to an airframe and a line in the direction of movement of the body. GS geometry . Euclidean geometry . . angles (geometry) . . . angle of attack . . . . zero angle of attack RT aerodynamic characteristics aerodynamic stalling # attack boundary layer separation lift sweep angle wing rock angles (geometry) DEF The inclination to each other of two intersecting lines, measured by the arc of a circle intercepted between the two lines forming the angle, the center of the circle being the point of intersection. GS geometry . Euclidean geometry . . angles (geometry) . . . angle of attack . . . . zero angle of attack . . . Bragg angle . . . Brewster angle . . . dihedral angle . . . elevation angle . . . look angles (electronics) . . . look angles (tracking) . . . sweep angle . . . . sweepback . . . . . leading edge sweep RT angular resolution apsides azimuth complements (mathematics) corners elongation goniometers # grade gradients grazing incidence incidence obliqueness phase shift photogoniometers pitch (inclination) # profiles protractors reciprocal theorems slopes triangulation trigonometry Angola GS nations . Angola RT Africa angular acceleration DEF The rate of change of angular velocity. GS rates (per time) . acceleration (physics) . . angular acceleration RT# acceleration acceleration measurement centrifugal force centripetal force deceleration rotation spin reduction transverse acceleration yo-yo devices angular correlation GS correlation . angular correlation RT data correlation MATTS (systems) view effects angular distribution GS distribution (property) . angular distribution RT electron density profiles elementary particle interactions flux density force distribution mass distribution moment distribution nuclear scattering star distribution angular momentum GS momentum . angular momentum RT classical mechanics Clebsch-Gordan coefficients electron spin kinetics moments of inertia particle spin quantum numbers quantum theory quenching (atomic physics) Racah coefficient Regge poles spin spin tests stellar rotation transverse momentum Wigner coefficient angular motion USE angular velocity angular resolution DEF Specifically, the ability of a radar to distinguish between two targets solely by the measurement of angles. GS resolution . angular resolution RT accuracy angles (geometry) high resolution # optics radar resolution angular velocity DEF The change of angle per unit time; specifically, in celestial mechanics, the change in angle of the radius vector per unit time. Used for angular motion. UF angular motion GS rates (per time) . angular velocity velocity . angular velocity RT gyration orbital velocity revolving rotation rotor speed Sagnac effect tachometers tip speed anhydrides GS chalcogenides . oxides . . anhydrides . . . peroxides . . . . inorganic peroxides . . . . . hydrogen peroxide . . . . organic peroxides . . . . potassium peroxides . . . . sodium peroxides RT acids bases (chemical) Anik 1 UF Anik A Telesat Canada A GS artificial satellites . synchronous satellites . . Anik satellites . . . Anik 1 Canadian spacecraft . Anik satellites . . Anik 1 RT Canada Canadian space program Delta launch vehicle international cooperation Anik 2 UF Anik B Telesat Canada B GS artificial satellites . synchronous satellites . . Anik satellites . . . Anik 2 Canadian spacecraft . Anik satellites . . Anik 2 RT Canada Canadian space program Delta launch vehicle international cooperation Anik 3 UF Anik C Telesat Canada 3 Telesat Canada C GS artificial satellites . synchronous satellites . . Anik satellites . . . Anik 3 Canadian spacecraft . Anik satellites . . Anik 3 RT Canada Canadian space program international cooperation Anik A USE Anik 1 Anik B USE Anik 2 Anik C USE Anik 3 Anik satellites DEF A series of geostationary communication satellites operated by Telesat which is partly owned by the Canadian government and partly owned by private enterprise. The name "Anik" is derived from an Eskimo word meaning "brother." It was so designated because of its partial use in the Far North. GS artificial satellites . synchronous satellites . . Anik satellites . . . Anik 1 . . . Anik 2 . . . Anik 3 Canadian spacecraft . Anik satellites . . Anik 1 . . Anik 2 . . Anik 3 RT Canadian space program Delta launch vehicle international cooperation aniline GS amines . aniline RT dyes animals UF fauna metazoa GS animals . homeotherms . invertebrates . . arthropods . . . artemia . . . crabs . . . insects . . . . bees . . . . bollworms . . . . chironomus flies . . . . cockroaches . . . . Coleoptera . . . . . beetles . . . . . . tribolia . . . . . boll weevils . . . . crickets . . . . Drosophila . . . . fireflies . . . . grasshoppers . . . . locusts . . . . moths . . . . . silkworms . . . spiders . . mollusks . . . cephalopods . . . . octopuses . . . snails . . Rotifera . . sea urchins . . worms . . . flatworms . livestock . poikilothermia . protozoa . . amoeba . . . pelomyxa . . Flagellata . . . Euglena . . . trypanosome . . paramecia . vertebrates . . amphibia . . . frogs . . birds . . . chickens . . . pigeons . . . turkeys . . . waterfowl . . fishes . . . schools (fish) . . . sharks . . mammals . . . bats . . . bears . . . cats . . . cattle . . . . calves . . . deer . . . . caribous . . . dogs . . . goats . . . horses . . . marine mammals . . . . dolphins . . . . manatees . . . . porpoises . . . . seals (animals) . . . . whales . . . moles . . . primates . . . . apes . . . . . chimpanzees . . . . baboons . . . . human beings . . . . monkeys . . . rodents . . . . guinea pigs . . . . hamsters . . . . mice . . . . . jerboas . . . . . pocket mice . . . . rabbits . . . . rats . . . . squirrels . . . . . ground squirrels . . . sheep . . . swine . . . wolves . . reptiles . . . lizards . . . snakes . . . turtles . wildlife . zooplankton RT# biology biomass carbon cycle census endangered species food chain grazing habitats heterotrophs larvae microorganisms organisms parasites plankton plants (botany) predators viability wildlife radiolocation # zoology animation GS arts . graphic arts . . animation . . . computer animation RT cinematography motion pictures anions GS ions . negative ions . . anions RT amino radical anodes cations cell anodes electrode materials electron affinity ionic mobility anisole GS ethers . anisole organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . anisole anisoplanatism (added May 1999) DEF In adaptive optics (AO) systems, a performance-degrading effect that arises whenever light from the wave-front sensor beacon and light from the target object sample different volumes of optical turbulence. This effect results in an increased value of the aperture-averaged residual phase variance after AO compensation, which causes an exponential decrease in system performance. RT aberration adaptive optics atmospheric correction atmospheric optics image resolution optical correction procedure phase error telescopes anisotropic fluids GS media . anisotropic media . . anisotropic fluids RT anisotropy # fluids invariant imbeddings isotropy liquid crystals Newtonian fluids anisotropic media GS media . anisotropic media . . anisotropic fluids RT anisotropy birefringence birefringent coatings functionally gradient materials homogeneity isotropic media # materials polarization (waves) anisotropic plates UF nonisotropic plates GS structural members . plates (structural members) . . anisotropic plates RT cantilever plates end plates perforated plates reinforced plates anisotropic shells GS shells (structural forms) . anisotropic shells RT corrugated shells elastic shells reinforced shells anisotropy DEF Having different properties in different directions. Used for nonisotropy, onisotropy, photothermotropism, and thermotropism. UF nonisotropy onisotropy photothermotropism thermotropism GS anisotropy . plastic anisotropy . . elastic anisotropy RT aeolotropism anisotropic fluids anisotropic media birefringence crystal structure crystals directivity isotropy mechanical properties metallography polarization (spin alignment) polarization (waves) spatial distribution Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect Anna hurricane GS storms . storms (meteorology) . . cyclones . . . hurricanes . . . . Anna hurricane . . tropical storms . . . hurricanes . . . . Anna hurricane ANNA satellites GS artificial satellites . geodetic satellites . . ANNA satellites RT Explorer 29 satellite Explorer 36 satellite GEOS 1 satellite GEOS 2 satellite GEOS 3 satellite annealing DEF Application of heat energy to a material cooling at a suitable rate to relieve stresses, change certain properties, improve machinability, or for realignment of atoms in a distorted lattice as caused, for example, by radiation damage. GS heat treatment . annealing . . laser annealing . . pulse heating RT combustion synthesis graphitization hardening (materials) heating normalizing (heat treatment) recrystallization simulated annealing softening stress relieving tempering annihilation reactions GS annihilation reactions . positron annihilation RT antiparticles electron-positron pairs high energy interactions matter-antimatter propulsion photons proton-antiproton interactions proton-proton reactions annotations RT abstracts information summaries annual variations UF interannual variations seasonal variations GS variations . periodic variations . . annual variations RT atmospheric circulation brown wave effect cycles green wave effect intraseasonal variations Madden-Julian Oscillation magnetic variations meteorological parameters meteorology monsoons quasi-biennial oscillation seasons temporal distribution weather wind variations zonal flow (meteorology) annular core pulse reactors GS nuclear reactors . annular core pulse reactors RT# nuclear energy nuclear fuel elements nuclear fuels reactor cores reactor design reactor materials reactor physics reactor safety reactor technology # reactors annular ducts DEF Ring-shaped openings for the passage of fluids (gases, etc.) designed for optimum aerodynamic flow properties for the application involved. GS ducts . annular ducts RT air ducts duct geometry ducted bodies fluid flow intake systems nose inlets openings orifices vents annular flow GS fluid flow . axisymmetric flow . . annular flow RT annuli axial flow channel flow coaxial flow Couette flow # flow flow geometry heat transmission nozzle flow one dimensional flow turbulent flow annular nozzles RT annuli coaxial flow conical nozzles exhaust nozzles inlet nozzles # nozzles plug nozzles rocket nozzles shrouded nozzles spray nozzles annular plates GS structural members . plates (structural members) . . annular plates RT annuli circular plates flat plates annular suspension and pointing system DEF In the Shuttle era, high accuracy pointing and stabilization of an experiment payload. GS pointing control systems . annular suspension and pointing system RT magnetic suspension payloads space shuttles space transportation system Spacelab Spacelab payloads # systems annuli RT analytic geometry annular flow annular nozzles annular plates flow measurement # rings anodes DEF The positive poles or electrodes of electron emitters, such as electron tubes or electric cells. GS electrodes . anodes . . cell anodes . . shell anodes . . tube anodes RT accumulators anions cathodes electrode materials multi-anode microchannel arrays anodic coatings GS coatings . inorganic coatings . . anodic coatings . protective coatings . . anodic coatings RT anodizing cathodic coatings electrode materials oxides anodic stripping DEF The removal of metal coatings. RT cladding coating debonding (materials) delaminating metal coatings plating removal # stripping anodizing DEF An electrolytic oxidation process in which the surface of a metal, when anodic, is converted to a coating having desirable protective, decorative, or functional properties. GS coating . anodizing deposition . anodizing RT anodic coatings passivity protective coatings surface treatment anolytes GS conductors . electrolytes . . anolytes RT catholytes cell anodes anomalies DEF In general, deviations from the norm. GS anomalies . geothermal anomalies . gravity anomalies . magnetic anomalies . . geomagnetic hollow RT anomalous temperature zones Southern Oscillation anomalous temperature zones RT anomalies geysers stratospheric warming temperature measurement temperature measuring instruments temperature scales temperature sensors anorthosite DEF A group of essentially monomineralic plutonic igneous rocks composed almost entirely of plagioclass feldspar. GS rocks . igneous rocks . . anorthosite RT feldspars gabbro soils anoxia DEF A complete lack of oxygen available for physiological use within the body. RT angina pectoris asphyxia hypoxia stress (physiology) ANS USE Astronomical Netherlands Satellite Antarctic environment USE ice environments Antarctic Ocean GS oceans . Antarctic Ocean RT Antarctic regions Antarctic regions DEF The areas surrounding and including the continent of Antarctica. Used for Antarctica. UF Antarctica GS regions . polar regions . . Antarctic regions . . . McMurdo sound . . . Ross ice shelf . remote regions . . Antarctic regions . . . McMurdo sound . . . Ross ice shelf Southern Hemisphere . Antarctic regions . . McMurdo sound . . Ross ice shelf RT Antarctic Ocean climatology continents land ice ozone depletion polar caps polynyas Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer Antarctica USE Antarctic regions Antares rocket vehicle GS rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Antares rocket vehicle . sounding rockets . . Antares rocket vehicle RT atmospheric ionization solid propellant rocket engines X-254 engine Antelope missile GS missiles . Antelope missile antenna arrays DEF Systems of antennas coupled together to obtain directional effects, or to increase sensitivity. GS arrays . antenna arrays . . linear arrays . . . endfire arrays . . . . Yagi antennas . . . multispectral linear arrays . . steerable antennas . . . inertialess steerable antennas . . turnstile antennas RT antennas beamforming Cobra Dane (radar) dipole antennas directional antennas log periodic antennas microwave antennas patch antennas phased arrays retroreflection space based radar Very Large Array (VLA) Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) antenna components GS antenna components . antenna couplers . . diplexers . . directional couplers . antenna feeds . parasitic elements (antennas) . . directors (antenna elements) RT communication equipment # components couplers electronic equipment # spinners antenna couplers GS antenna components . antenna couplers . . diplexers . . directional couplers couplers . antenna couplers . . diplexers . . directional couplers RT antennas couples coupling coupling circuits energy transfer impedance matching microwave coupling transmission lines antenna design RT antennas backlobes Cassegrain antennas delta antennas # design dipole antennas gravitational wave antennas Gregorian antennas helical antennas horn antennas lens antennas # lobes log periodic antennas maypole antennas microstrip antennas monopole antennas parabolic antennas parasitic elements (antennas) patch antennas pencil beams plasma antennas product development rhombic antennas sidelobes slot antennas space technology experiments spiral antennas Yagi antennas antenna feeds GS antenna components . antenna feeds RT Gregorian antennas reflector antennas strip transmission lines transmission lines waveguides antenna fields USE antenna radiation patterns antenna gain (added June 1998) GS amplification . antenna gain RT antennas automatic gain control directional antennas effectiveness high gain signal reception antenna radiation patterns UF antenna fields GS distribution (property) . radiation distribution . . antenna radiation patterns . . . sidelobes RT antennas backfire antennas backlobes beam steering beamforming cylindrical antennas directional antennas # fans far fields field theory (physics) footprints Fresnel region Gregorian antennas # lobes near fields parasitic elements (antennas) pencil beams plasma antennas # radiation reflector antennas rosette shapes Schelkunoff principle Sommerfeld approximation support interference synthetic arrays antennas DEF Conductors or systems of conductors for radiating or receiving radio waves. GS antennas . aircraft antennas . backfire antennas . Cassegrain antennas . cylindrical antennas . delta antennas . directional antennas . . dipole antennas . . helical antennas . . horn antennas . . lens antennas . . log periodic antennas . . loop antennas . . radar antennas . . . radant . . reflector antennas . . . parabolic antennas . . . two reflector antennas . . rhombic antennas . . slot antennas . . steerable antennas . . . inertialess steerable antennas . . Yagi antennas . furlable antennas . gravitational wave antennas . . LIGO (observatory) . . LISA (observatory) . Gregorian antennas . high resolution coverage antennas . hoop column antennas . maypole antennas . microstrip antennas . missile antennas . monopulse antennas . multibeam antennas . multiple beam interval scanners . omnidirectional antennas . . monopole antennas . . . whip antennas . . turnstile antennas . parasitic elements (antennas) . . directors (antenna elements) . plasma antennas . radio antennas . . microwave antennas . . . horn antennas . . . lens antennas . . . rectennas . . . spacetennas . satellite antennas . Schwarzschild antennas . spacecraft antennas . spherical antennas . spiral antennas . . log spiral antennas . waveguide antennas . . horn antennas . patch antennas RT antenna arrays antenna couplers antenna design antenna gain antenna radiation patterns arrays conductors corners current sheets electromagnetic radiation folding structures inflatable space structures near fields radiation hardening # radiators radio equipment radio telescopes reflectors slewing space technology experiments telecommunication telescopes towers transmitters Antheus aircraft USE AN-22 aircraft anthracene GS organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . cyclic hydrocarbons . . . anthracene . hydrocarbons . . cyclic hydrocarbons . . . anthracene RT anthraquinones phenanthrene anthracite DEF Coal of the highest metamorphic rank, in which fixed-carbon content is between 92 percent and 98 percent (on a dry, mineral-matter-free basis). It is hard and black, and has a semimetallic luster and semiconchoidal fracture. Anthracite ignites with difficulty and burns with a short blue flame, without smoke. Used for hard coal. UF hard coal GS fuels . chemical fuels . . hydrocarbon fuels . . . fossil fuels . . . . coal . . . . anthracite resources . Earth resources . . fossil fuels . . . coal . . . . anthracite rocks . sedimentary rocks . . carbonaceous rocks . . . coal . . . . anthracite RT mineral exploration mining anthraquinones GS ketones . anthraquinones RT anthracene dyes anthropology DEF The study of the interrelations of biological, cultural, geographical, and historical aspects of man. RT aborigines American Indians anthropometry archaeology artifacts case histories cities culture (social sciences) Eskimos human beings minorities museums race factors races (anthropology) # science social factors sociology anthropometry GS bioengineering . biometrics . . body measurement (biology) . . . anthropometry RT anthropology body size (biology) # engineering human factors engineering antiadrenergics GS drugs . antiadrenergics RT adrenergics antiaircraft missiles GS missiles . antiaircraft missiles . . BOMARC missiles . . . BOMARC A missile . . . BOMARC B missile . . Falcon missile . . Mauler missile . . Nike-Ajax missile . . Nike-Hercules missile . . Redeye missile . . SIAM missiles . . Sidewinder missiles . . tartar missile . . terrier missile RT air to air missiles antimissile missiles Nike missiles ramjet missiles surface to air missiles antibiotics GS drugs . antibiotics . . actinomycin . . penicillin . . pleurotin . . streptomycin . . tetracyclines RT antiinfectives and antibacterials microorganisms steroids antibodies GS antibodies . gamma globulin RT acquired immunodeficiency syndrome antiserums biocompatibility human immunodeficiency virus immune systems immunology inoculum physiological defenses vaccines anticholinergics UF cholinergic blocking agents GS drugs . cholinergics . . anticholinergics RT curare anticlines DEF Geologic formations characterized by folds, the core of which contain stratigraphically older rocks; they convex upward. Used for anticlinoria. UF anticlinoria RT domes (geology) geosynclines # layers strata stratification stratigraphy synclines anticlinoria USE anticlines anticoagulants RT adrenergics # agents heparins preservatives stabilizers (agents) anticoincidence detectors (added August 2000) DEF Detectors and related systems that differentiate ambient background noise from signals of interest by identifying unwanted input signals that co-occur in time with other signals. Often used with gamma-ray detection systems. UF anticoincidence shields RT background radiation coincidence circuits comparators counting circuits # detectors discriminators gamma ray spectrometers hodoscopes particle telescopes proportional counters radiation counters scintillation counters signal detectors trigger circuits anticoincidence shields USE anticoincidence detectors anticonvulsants GS drugs . anticonvulsants RT hexamethonium anticyclones RT air masses atmospheric pressure cyclones high pressure meteorology synoptic meteorology antidetection technology USE stealth technology antidiuretics GS drugs . antidiuretics RT urine antidotes GS drugs . antidotes RT inhibitors antiemetics and antinauseants GS drugs . antiemetics and antinauseants RT nausea antiferroelectricity GS electrical properties . antiferroelectricity RT dielectric properties ferroelectricity hysteresis # polarization antiferromagnetism GS magnetic properties . antiferromagnetism RT ferromagnetism hysteresis Ising model magnetic switching magnons neel temperature paramagnetism antifouling DEF Measures taken to prevent corrosion or the accumulation of organic or other residues or growths on operating machanisms, especially in underwater environments. GS fouling . antifouling RT# agents cleaning contamination corrosion prevention inhibitors sterilization antifreezes GS additives . antifreezes RT antiicing additives freezing antifriction bearings GS bearings . antifriction bearings . . ball bearings . . roller bearings . . . needle bearings RT friction reduction gas bearings journal bearings rolling contact loads thrust bearings antigens RT anaphylaxis biocompatibility immune systems immunoassay immunology inoculum physiological defenses radioimmunoassay Rhesus factor vaccines antigravity DEF A hypothetical effect that would arise from cancellation by some energy field of the effect of the gravitational field of the earth or other body. RT gravitation microgravity Antigua and Barbuda (added February 1989) GS landforms . islands . . West Indies . . . Antigua and Barbuda nations . Antigua and Barbuda RT Caribbean region antihistaminics GS drugs . antihistaminics . . dimenhydrinate . . diphenyl hydantoin . . promethazine RT decongestants histamines antihypertensive agents GS drugs . antihypertensive agents RT reserpine antiicing additives GS additives . antiicing additives RT antifreezes deicers deicing fuel contamination ice prevention inhibitors propellant additives retardants antiinfectives and antibacterials GS drugs . antiinfectives and antibacterials RT antibiotics antiseptics bactericides contamination fungicides antiknock additives GS additives . antiknock additives RT automobile fuels gasoline # octane octanes retardants antimatter GS antimatter . antiparticles . . antineutrinos . . antinucleons . . antiprotons . . positrons RT Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer degenerate matter matter (physics) matter-antimatter propulsion negative matter antimissile defense SN (PROTECTION AGAINST MISSILE ATTACK) GS air defense . antimissile defense RT antiradiation missiles civil defense # defense defense industry defense program military technology missile defense missiles optical countermeasures Safeguard system Sentinel system space surveillance (ground based) space surveillance (spaceborne) antimissile missiles GS missiles . antimissile missiles . . Mauler missile . . Nike-Zeus missile . . Spartan missile . . Sprint missile RT antiaircraft missiles ballistic missiles infrared tracking missile defense Nike missiles Nike X systems Sentinel system SIAM missiles space weapons surface to air missiles antimisting fuels DEF Fuels which have an additive to reduce misting and thus create safer fuels. GS fuels . chemical fuels . . liquid fuels . . . antimisting fuels RT additives aircraft fuels flame retardants jet engine fuels kerosene antimonides GS antimony compounds . antimonides . . aluminum antimonides . . cadmium antimonides . . cesium antimonides . . gallium antimonides . . germanium antimonides . . indium antimonides . . zinc antimonides antimony GS chemical elements . metalloids . . antimony RT metals antimony alloys GS alloys . antimony alloys . . babbitt metal RT bismuth alloys mulberry (alloy) antimony compounds GS antimony compounds . antimonides . . aluminum antimonides . . cadmium antimonides . . cesium antimonides . . gallium antimonides . . germanium antimonides . . indium antimonides . . zinc antimonides . antimony fluorides RT# chemical compounds # Group 5A compounds # metal compounds antimony fluorides GS antimony compounds . antimony fluorides halogen compounds . fluorine compounds . . fluorides . . . antimony fluorides . halides . . fluorides . . . antimony fluorides antimony isotopes GS chemical elements . metalloids . . antimony isotopes . nuclides . . isotopes . . . antimony isotopes metals . antimony isotopes antineutrinos GS antimatter . antiparticles . . antineutrinos particles . elementary particles . . antiparticles . . . antineutrinos . . fermions . . . leptons . . . . antineutrinos . nuclear particles . . antiparticles . . . antineutrinos RT charged particles neutrinos antinodes DEF Either of the two points on an orbit where a line in the orbit plane, perpendicular to the line of nodes and passing through the focus intersects the orbit. Also a point, line, or surface in a standing wave where some characteristic of the wave field has maximum amplitude. RT nodes (standing waves) rarefaction resonant frequencies standing waves vibration wavelengths antinucleons GS antimatter . antiparticles . . antinucleons particles . elementary particles . . antiparticles . . . antinucleons . nuclear particles . . antiparticles . . . antinucleons RT nucleons antioxidants DEF Compounding ingredients used to retard deterioration caused by oxidation. GS additives . antioxidants RT# agents corrosion prevention corrosion resistance inhibitors preservatives propellant additives retardants stabilizers (agents) antiparticles DEF Particles with a charge of opposite signs to the same particles in normal matter. GS antimatter . antiparticles . . antineutrinos . . antinucleons . . antiprotons . . positrons particles . elementary particles . . antiparticles . . . antineutrinos . . . antinucleons . . . antiprotons . . . positrons . nuclear particles . . antiparticles . . . antineutrinos . . . antinucleons . . . antiprotons . . . positrons RT annihilation reactions charged particles hyperons Pomeranchuk theorem positron annihilation antiphase boundaries (added March 1998) UF antiphase domains APB (materials) GS boundaries . antiphase boundaries RT binary alloys crystal dislocations crystal lattices crystal structure grain boundaries interfacial energy intermetallics microstructure order-disorder transformations solid solutions solid-solid interfaces superlattices ternary alloys antiphase domains USE antiphase boundaries antipodes DEF Anything exactly opposite to something else. Particularly, that point on the Earth 180 deg. from a given place. RT apsides ionospheric propagation propagation modes radio transmission zenith antiprotons GS antimatter . antiparticles . . antiprotons particles . charged particles . . antiprotons . elementary particles . . antiparticles . . . antiprotons . nuclear particles . . antiparticles . . . antiprotons RT proton-antiproton interactions protons antiquities DEF Man-made objects or surviving parts or fragments from the past. RT artifacts tools weapons antiradar coatings GS absorbers (materials) . radar absorbers . . antiradar coatings coatings . antiradar coatings countermeasures . electronic countermeasures . . antiradar coatings RT electronic warfare inorganic coatings metal coatings plastic coatings # ram stealth technology antiradiation drugs UF radioprotective agents GS drugs . antiradiation drugs . . cysteamine RT nuclear medicine pharmacology radiation protection radiation sickness radiobiology radiopathology antiradiation missiles DEF Missiles that attack radiating targets such as radar transmitters, etc. GS missiles . antiradiation missiles RT air defense antimissile defense countermeasures digital radar systems military technology missile defense remote control antireflection coatings DEF Thin dielectric or metallic films applied to an optical surface to reduce the reflectance and thereby increase the transmittance. Note: The ideal value of the reactive index of a single layered film is the square root of the product of the refractive indices on either side of the film, the ideal optical thickness being one quarter of a wavelength. GS coatings . antireflection coatings RT lens design optical reflection optical thickness solar cells antiseptics UF disinfectants RT acriflavine antiinfectives and antibacterials bactericides chemical sterilization chemotherapy cleaning decontamination environmental control fumigation infectious diseases purification sterilization antiserums RT antibodies immunology serums vaccines antiship missiles GS missiles . antiship missiles RT cruise missiles sea launching ships submarines weapon systems antiship warfare GS warfare . antiship warfare RT missiles sea launching ships submarines warheads weapons antisite defects (added July 1997) DEF Point defects occurring in crystalline compounds where an atom of one atomic species occupies an atomic site that is allocated to a different atomic species (e.g., in GaAs, an arsenic atom may sit on a site allocated to a gallium atom). If the nearest neighbor sites are occupied with the correct species for their sites (e.g., an arsenic antisite atom surrounded by arsenic atoms), the antisite atom is then bonded to four like atoms (rather than four Ga atoms). Such a configuration is not electrically neutral, but acts as a double donor. An "antisite pair" occurs if two adjacent atoms have simply been interchanged. GS defects . crystal defects . . point defects . . . antisite defects RT donor materials gallium arsenides interstitials semiconductors (materials) vacancies (crystal defects) antiskid devices RT aircraft brakes arresting gear automobiles brakes (for arresting motion) # devices landing aids safety devices trucks wheel brakes antistatic devices USE static dischargers antisubmarine warfare GS warfare . antisubmarine warfare RT ASROC engine military technology sonobuoys submarines torpedoes underwater explosions underwater trajectories antisubmarine warfare aircraft GS antisubmarine warfare aircraft . Breguet 1150 aircraft . CL-84 aircraft . P-3 aircraft . S-2 aircraft . S-3 aircraft . SH-3 helicopter . SH-4 helicopter RT# aircraft attack aircraft bomber aircraft drone aircraft H-25 helicopter # military aircraft observation aircraft P-531 helicopter reconnaissance aircraft S-61 helicopter submersible aircraft V/STOL aircraft water takeoff and landing aircraft antisymmetry RT asymmetry chirality symmetry antitank missiles GS missiles . surface to surface missiles . . antitank missiles . . . Shillelagh missiles . . . tow missiles Antonov aircraft GS Antonov aircraft . AN-2 aircraft . AN-22 aircraft . AN-24 aircraft RT# aircraft Antonov AN-22 aircraft USE AN-22 aircraft Antonov AN-24 aircraft USE AN-24 aircraft anvil clouds GS clouds (meteorology) . convection clouds . . cumulonimbus clouds . . . anvil clouds . . cumulus clouds . . . anvil clouds RT atmospheric moisture climatology cloud cover fog meteorology nephanalysis precipitation (meteorology) thunderstorms weather anvils RT compressing tools anxiety DEF Nervous or fear reaction to a perception of danger. RT detachment fear fear of flying phobias stress (biology) Taylor manifest anxiety scale AO-1 aircraft USE OV-1 aircraft AOIPS USE Atmospheric & Oceanographic Inform Sys aorta GS anatomy . circulatory system . . cardiovascular system . . . blood vessels . . . . arteries . . . . . aorta RT heart AOSO UF Advanced Orbiting Solar Observatory GS artificial satellites . geophysical satellites . . OSO . . . AOSO . scientific satellites . . astronomical satellites . . . OSO . . . . AOSO observatories . astronomical observatories . . astronomical satellites . . . OSO . . . . AOSO . . solar observatories . . . OSO . . . . AOSO . geophysical observatories . . OSO . . . AOSO RT sun Apache rocket vehicle GS rocket vehicles . sounding rockets . . Apache rocket vehicle RT sondes apatites USE calcium phosphates minerals APB (materials) USE antiphase boundaries aperiodic functions GS analysis (mathematics) . aperiodic functions functions (mathematics) . aperiodic functions RT complex variables real variables apertures GS openings . apertures . . irises (mechanical apertures) . . numerical aperture . . synthetic apertures RT cavities doors gates (openings) infrared windows louvers orifices outlets pinhole cameras ports (openings) slits synthetic arrays vents VSAT (network) windows (apertures) apes GS animals . vertebrates . . mammals . . . primates . . . . apes . . . . chimpanzees apexes UF vertices RT altitude aphelions apogees maxima orbits # peaks plateaus trajectories zenith aphelions GS apsides . aphelions RT apexes elliptical orbits orbits perihelions solar orbits APL (programming language) DEF "A Programming Language" is a high level interactive computer language primarily designed for mathematical applications. It was developed by Kenneth Iverson in 1962. It is characterized by extensive operators and array handling capability. NASA Goddard was one of the first users and was instrumental in introducing APL to the computer community. GS languages . programming languages . . APL (programming language) RT computer programming apnea USE respiration apogee boost motors UF ABM apogee kick motors GS engines . rocket engines . . booster rocket engines . . . apogee boost motors . . solid propellant rocket engines . . . apogee boost motors RT# boosters motors apogee kick motors USE apogee boost motors apogees DEF Those orbital points farthest from the Earth, when the Earth is the center of attraction. GS apsides . apogees RT apexes Earth orbits elliptical orbits orbits perigees Apollo 5 flight GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 5 flight RT Earth-Moon trajectories lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar flight lunar landing lunar launch Lunar Module lunar spacecraft moon-Earth trajectories Apollo 6 flight GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 6 flight RT Earth-Moon trajectories lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar flight lunar landing lunar launch Lunar Module lunar spacecraft moon-Earth trajectories Apollo 7 flight GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 7 flight RT Earth-Moon trajectories lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar flight lunar landing lunar launch Lunar Module manned spacecraft moon-Earth trajectories Apollo 8 flight GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 8 flight RT Earth-Moon trajectories lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar flight lunar landing lunar launch Lunar Module manned spacecraft moon-Earth trajectories Apollo 9 flight GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 9 flight RT Earth-Moon trajectories lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar flight lunar landing lunar launch Lunar Module Apollo 10 flight GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 10 flight RT Earth-Moon trajectories lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar flight lunar landing lunar launch Lunar Module manned spacecraft moon-Earth trajectories Apollo 11 flight GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 11 flight RT Earth-Moon trajectories lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar flight lunar landing lunar launch Lunar Module manned spacecraft moon-Earth trajectories Apollo 12 flight GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 12 flight RT Earth-Moon trajectories lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar flight lunar landing lunar launch Lunar Module manned spacecraft moon-Earth trajectories Apollo 13 flight GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 13 flight RT Earth-Moon trajectories lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar flight lunar landing lunar launch Lunar Module manned spacecraft moon-Earth trajectories Apollo 14 flight GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 14 flight RT Earth-Moon trajectories lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar flight lunar landing lunar launch Lunar Module manned spacecraft moon-Earth trajectories Apollo 15 flight GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 15 flight RT Earth-Moon trajectories lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar flight lunar landing lunar launch Lunar Module manned spacecraft moon-Earth trajectories SIM Apollo 16 flight GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 16 flight RT Earth-Moon trajectories lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar flight lunar landing lunar launch Lunar Module manned spacecraft moon-Earth trajectories Apollo 17 flight GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 17 flight RT Earth-Moon trajectories lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar flight lunar landing lunar launch Lunar Module manned spacecraft moon-Earth trajectories Apollo applications program GS programs . NASA programs . . NASA space programs . . . Apollo applications program . space programs . . NASA space programs . . . Apollo applications program RT AAP 1 mission AAP 2 mission AAP 3 mission AAP 4 mission airlock modules Earth Resources Program Earth Resources Survey Program Saturn 1 workshop Saturn 5 workshop Saturn project Saturn workshops Skylab program Apollo asteroids DEF Earth grazing asteroids in orbits between Mars and Jupiter, and crossing the Earth's orbit. This group contains 19 known asteroids. GS celestial bodies . asteroids . . Apollo asteroids RT asteroid belts astronomy Chiron Earth orbits Jupiter (planet) Mars (planet) planetary orbits solar system Apollo extension system RT exobiology extravehicular activity lunar landing modules manned space flight NASA programs orbital workshops # systems Apollo flights GS space flight . manned space flight . . Apollo flights . . . Apollo 5 flight . . . Apollo 6 flight . . . Apollo 7 flight . . . Apollo 8 flight . . . Apollo 9 flight . . . Apollo 10 flight . . . Apollo 11 flight . . . Apollo 12 flight . . . Apollo 13 flight . . . Apollo 14 flight . . . Apollo 15 flight . . . Apollo 16 flight . . . Apollo 17 flight RT Skylab program Apollo lunar experiment module GS lunar spacecraft . Apollo spacecraft . . Apollo lunar experiment module . lunar landing modules . . Lunar Module . . . Apollo lunar experiment module maneuverable spacecraft . Apollo spacecraft . . Apollo lunar experiment module manned spacecraft . Apollo spacecraft . . Apollo lunar experiment module . Lunar Module . . Apollo lunar experiment module modules . spacecraft modules . . landing modules . . . lunar landing modules . . . . Lunar Module . . . . . Apollo lunar experiment module reentry vehicles . recoverable spacecraft . . Apollo spacecraft . . . Apollo lunar experiment module soft landing spacecraft . Apollo spacecraft . . Apollo lunar experiment module . landing modules . . lunar landing modules . . . Lunar Module . . . . Apollo lunar experiment module spacecraft components . spacecraft modules . . landing modules . . . lunar landing modules . . . . Lunar Module . . . . . Apollo lunar experiment module RT lunar exploration lunar landing Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package UF ALSEP GS packages . instrument packages . . Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package RT# instruments lunar exploration lunar retroreflectors payloads # surfaces Apollo project GS programs . lunar programs . . Apollo project . NASA programs . . NASA space programs . . . Apollo project . projects . . Apollo project . space programs . . NASA space programs . . . Apollo project RT AAP 1 mission AAP 2 mission AAP 3 mission AAP 4 mission Advanced Range Instrumentation Aircraft command service modules LSSM lunar exploration Lunar Exploration System for Apollo lunar mobile laboratories lunar probes manned spacecraft Marquardt R4D engine Mercury project Saturn 1 workshop Saturn 5 workshop Saturn launch vehicles Saturn workshops SIM site data processors Skylab program soft landing spacecraft Apollo short stack RT spacecraft configurations Apollo Soyuz test project UF ASTP GS programs . projects . . Apollo Soyuz test project RT international cooperation international relations manned spacecraft rendezvous Soyuz spacecraft space flight space missions space programs space rendezvous spacecrew transfer U.S.S.R. space program Apollo spacecraft GS lunar spacecraft . Apollo spacecraft . . Apollo lunar experiment module maneuverable spacecraft . Apollo spacecraft . . Apollo lunar experiment module manned spacecraft . Apollo spacecraft . . Apollo lunar experiment module reentry vehicles . recoverable spacecraft . . Apollo spacecraft . . . Apollo lunar experiment module soft landing spacecraft . Apollo spacecraft . . Apollo lunar experiment module RT command modules landing modules Lunar Module Lunar Module 5 Lunar Module 7 manned orbital laboratories Saturn project service modules Skylab program unified S band Apollo telescope mount GS telescopes . manned orbital telescopes . . Apollo telescope mount RT Skylab program apoptosis (added October 2000) DEF One of the two mechanisms by which cell death occurs (the other being the pathological process of NECROSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. UF programmed cell death GS physiological effects . apoptosis RT biological effects cells (biology) cytology death deoxyribonucleic acid necrosis radiation effects Appalachian Mountains (North America) GS landforms . mountains . . Appalachian Mountains (North America) RT North America apparatus USE equipment appearance RT imagery quality visibility appendages GS appendages . arm (anatomy) . . elbow (anatomy) . . forearm . hand (anatomy) . . fingers . leg (anatomy) . . feet (anatomy) . . knee (anatomy) . . thigh RT anatomy human body limbs (anatomy) appendix (anatomy) GS anatomy . digestive system . . gastrointestinal system . . . appendix (anatomy) RT intestines application USE utilization application specific integrated circuits (added May 1989) UF ASIC custom integrated circuits GS circuits . integrated circuits . . application specific integrated circuits RT chips (electronics) large scale integration systems-on-a-chip very large scale integration Applications Explorer Satellites GS artificial satellites . scientific satellites . . Explorer satellites . . . Applications Explorer Satellites RT Heat Capacity Mapping Mission # applications of mathematics SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) UF mathematical analysis RT analysis (mathematics) approximation combinatorial analysis computation dimensional analysis dynamic programming econometrics error analysis finite element method fractals functions (mathematics) information theory Kalman-Schmidt filtering linear programming mathematical models nonlinear programming numerical analysis operational calculus operations research optimization parameterization probability theory statistical analysis stochastic processes time series analysis applications programs (computers) DEF Software designed to fulfill specific needs of a user; for example, software for navigation, payroll, or process control. GS computer programs . applications programs (computers) . . NASTRAN . . spreadsheets RT computers software development tools Applications Technology Satellites USE ATS approach GS approach . airborne radar approach . instrument approach RT air traffic control aircraft approach spacing arrivals descent flight paths flight plans ground based control guidance (motion) landing landing aids passageways touchdown approach and landing tests (STS) DEF A series of flight maneuvers involving the Space Shuttle. RT evaluation horizontal spacecraft landing landing manned spacecraft space shuttles space transportation system spacecraft landing # tests touchdown approach control DEF The control process which delivers aircraft to the final approach course or landing system properly spaced for their landing. GS approach control . radar approach control RT air traffic control aircraft approach spacing aircraft communication aircraft guidance aircraft maneuvers automated en route ATC collision avoidance # control flight paths glide paths ground based control instrument approach instrument flight rules instrument landing systems landing aids landing radar microwave landing systems night flights (aircraft) runway lights tracking (position) traffic control visual control approach indicators GS aircraft instruments . approach indicators display devices . approach indicators flight instruments . approach indicators landing aids . landing instruments . . approach indicators measuring instruments . indicating instruments . . approach indicators RT air traffic control altimeters blind landing glide paths instrument approach instrument landing systems microwave scanning beam landing system navigation aids radar approach control solar compasses speed indicators appropriations RT budgeting cost estimates federal budgets grants approximation UF approximation methods nominal values truncation (mathematics) GS analysis (mathematics) . numerical analysis . . approximation . . . Born approximation . . . Born-Oppenheimer approximation . . . Chebyshev approximation . . Eddington approximation . . . essentially non-oscillatory schemes . . . finite difference theory . . . . finite difference time domain method . . . finite element method . . . Hartree approximation . . . least squares method . . . mean square values . . . Milne method . . . multigrid methods . . . Newton methods . . . . Newton-Raphson method . . . boundary element method . . . discretization (mathematics) . . . numerical differentiation . . . Oseen approximation . . . Pade approximation . . . particle in cell technique . . . Pohlhausen method . . . predictor-corrector methods . . . Rayleigh-Ritz method . . . relaxation method (mathematics) . . . Reynolds averaging . . . Ritz averaging method . . . Schwartz method . . Sommerfeld approximation . . . TVD schemes . . . upwind schemes (mathematics) . . . vortex in cell technique . . . . Trefftz method RT# applications of mathematics censored data (mathematics) difference equations # equations form factors Glauber theory Godunov method # methodology minimax technique numerical stability problem solving # relationships spline functions static models statistical analysis approximation methods USE approximation apsidal angles USE apsides apsides UF apsidal angles GS apsides . aphelions . apogees . perigees . perihelions . perilunes RT angles (geometry) antipodes elliptical orbits orbital elements orbital mechanics APT (picture transmission) USE automatic picture transmission aptitude GS abilities . aptitude RT learning personnel selection Aquarid meteoroids GS celestial bodies . meteoroid showers . . Aquarid meteoroids . meteoroids . . Aquarid meteoroids RT Orionid meteoroids aquatic plants DEF Plants growing in or on water. GS plants (botany) . aquatic plants . . phytoplankton RT aquiculture hydroponics marine biology aqueous solutions GS mixtures . solutions . . aqueous solutions RT hydrates solvation aquiculture DEF The cultivation (breeding, raising, and harvesting) of fish, mollusks, shellfish, and/or other aquatic life as sources of food. GS agriculture . aquiculture RT aquatic plants fisheries fishes hydroponics marine biology marine environments marine resources marine technology # nutrients tidal flats aquifers DEF Bodies of rock that contain sufficient saturated permeable material to conduct ground water and to yield economically significant quantities of ground water to wells and springs. GS resources . Earth resources . . water resources . . . aquifers RT fresh water gravels ground water hydrogeology hydrology hydrothermal systems lakes limnology oases permeability ponds porosity rain sands springs (water) streams water water tables wells Arabian commercial satellite USE Arcomsat Arabian Sea GS seas . Arabian Sea RT Indian Ocean Arabsat GS artificial satellites . Arabsat RT international cooperation Saudi Arabian space program aragonite DEF A white, yellowish, or gray orthorhombic mineral, that contains calcium carbonate. GS calcium compounds . calcium carbonates . . aragonite carbon compounds . carbonates . . calcium carbonates . . . aragonite minerals . aragonite silicon compounds . silicates . . aragonite RT calcite aramid fiber composites (added May 1992) SN (ARAMID FIBER UTILIZATION IN COMPOSITES. FOR PROPERTIES OF ARAMID FIBERS THEMSELVES USE 'ARAMID FIBERS'.) GS composite materials . fiber composites . . aramid fiber composites RT aramid fibers epoxy matrix composites Kevlar (trademark) metal matrix composites polyamide resins polymer matrix composites reinforced plastics whisker composites aramid fibers (added May 1992) SN (PROPERTIES OF ARAMID FIBERS THEMSELVES. FOR ARAMID FIBER UTILIZATION IN COMPOSITES USE 'ARAMID FIBER COMPOSITES'.) GS fibers . reinforcing fibers . . aramid fibers . . . Kevlar (trademark) . synthetic fibers . . aramid fibers . . . Kevlar (trademark) RT aramid fiber composites composite materials epoxy matrix composites fiber composites fiber orientation fiber strength lay-up plastics polyamide resins reinforced plastics reinforcing materials resin matrix composites arc chambers RT# chambers electric arcs plasma generators thrust chambers arc clouds GS clouds (meteorology) . convection clouds . . arc clouds RT cyclogenesis fronts (meteorology) mesoscale phenomena meteorology observation aircraft satellite observation thunderstorms arc discharges GS electric current . electric discharges . . arc discharges RT electric arcs arc generators RT electric arcs electric generators electrostatic generators # generators # induction inductors plasma generators spark gaps spark plugs voltage generators arc heating UF Gerdien arc heaters GS heating . arc heating RT gas heating image furnaces plasma heating resistance heating Saha equations arc jet engines DEF Electrothermal rocket engines that produce thrust by expanding a hot gas in an appropriate nozzle to a high velocity. The propellant is heated to a higher temperature than can be obtained through combustion processes resulting in higher exhaust velocities and better propellant efficiency. GS engines . rocket engines . . electric rocket engines . . . electrothermal engines . . . . arc jet engines . . . . . pulsed jet engines RT electric propulsion electrostatic engines magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters plasma engines resistojet engines arc lamps GS lighting equipment . luminaires . . arc lamps RT carbon arcs light sources mercury arcs searchlights xenon lamps arc melting GS phase transformations . melting . . arc melting RT drop transfer electroslag refining vacuum melting zone melting arc spraying UF plasma arc spraying GS spraying . arc spraying RT metal spraying arc welding GS welding . fusion welding . . electric welding . . . arc welding . . . . gas tungsten arc welding . . . . plasma arc welding RT electron beam welding heat affected zone pressure welding spot welds sputtering Arcas rocket vehicles GS rocket vehicles . single stage rocket vehicles . . Arcas rocket vehicles . sounding rockets . . Arcas rocket vehicles RT radiosondes solid propellant rocket engines # vehicles archaebacteria DEF Organisms belonging to the taxonomic kingdom of the same name which are characterized by distinct t- and r-RNAs, the absence of peptoglycan cell walls and their possible replacement by a proteinaceous coat, ether-linked lipids from phytanyl chains, and occurrence in unusually harsh habitats, e.g., methane, halide and thermoacidic environments. These hardy bacteria are significant in the study of the origin of life. GS microorganisms . bacteria . . archaebacteria RT bacteriology biological evolution paleobiology paleontology archaeology RT anthropology cultural resources fossils ground penetrating radar paleomagnetism archaeomagnetism USE paleomagnetism arches RT perforated shells rigid structures shells (structural forms) trusses archipelagoes DEF Seas or areas in seas that contain numerous islands; also the island groups themselves. RT Aleutian Islands (US) islands landforms seas Spitsbergen (Norway) Virgin Islands architecture RT acoustics buildings construction # construction materials human factors engineering illuminating plant design Starsite program structural design # structures architecture (computers) DEF The design of system and logic organization and information flow relationships in a computer rather than the circuit and component features. UF computer architecture RT client server systems computer components computer design concurrent processing Connection Machine distributed memory distributed processing hypercube multiprocessors local area networks logic circuits logic design massively parallel processors memory (computers) MIMD (computers) modularity multidisciplinary design optimization programmable logic devices relational data bases RISC processors SIMD (computers) software development tools supercomputers systolic arrays transputers very large scale integration Arcomsat UF Arabian commercial satellite GS artificial satellites . communication satellites . . Arcomsat RT Africa international cooperation Saudi Arabian space program Symphonie satellites synchronous satellites Arcon rocket vehicle GS rocket vehicles . Arcon rocket vehicle RT# vehicles # arcs SN ((USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT auroral arcs curves (geometry) electric arcs island arcs magnetic annular arc plasma jets red arcs Arctic environments USE ice environments Arctic Ocean GS oceans . Arctic Ocean RT Barents Sea Beaufort Sea (North America) Greenland polynyas Spitsbergen (Norway) Arctic regions GS Northern Hemisphere . Arctic regions . . subarctic regions regions . polar regions . . Arctic regions . . . subarctic regions . remote regions . . Arctic regions . . . subarctic regions RT Chukchi Sea climatology geography muskegs nunataks ozone depletion polar caps Siberia tundra area RT# cross sections geometry integral calculus line of sight # sectors # surfaces volume area navigation DEF A method of navigation that permits aircraft operation on any desired course within the coverage of station-referenced navigation signals or within the limits of self-contained system capability. GS navigation . air navigation . . area navigation RT flight paths ground tracks Arend-Roland comet GS celestial bodies . comets . . Arend-Roland comet RT solar system ARES (spacecraft) USE Advanced Reconn Electric Spacecraft Argentina GS nations . Argentina RT Argentine space program South America Argentine space program (added May 1989) GS programs . space programs . . Argentine space program RT Argentina Argo rocket vehicles GS rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Argo rocket vehicles RT Honest John rocket vehicle Javelin rocket vehicle Nike-Ajax missile solid propellant rocket engines sounding rockets # vehicles argon GS chemical elements . rare gases . . argon . . . argon isotopes gases . rare gases . . argon . . . argon isotopes RT radiation trapping argon isotopes GS chemical elements . nuclides . . isotopes . . . argon isotopes . rare gases . . argon . . . argon isotopes gases . rare gases . . argon . . . argon isotopes argon lasers GS stimulated emission devices . lasers . . argon lasers RT chemical lasers continuous wave lasers gas masers infrared lasers Mach-Zehnder interferometers molecular oscillations pulsed lasers Q switched lasers stimulated emission argon plasma GS particles . charged particles . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . argon plasma . corpuscular radiation . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . argon plasma RT helium plasma hydrogen plasma oxygen plasma argon-oxygen atmospheres GS controlled atmospheres . argon-oxygen atmospheres RT aerospace environments # atmospheres # breathing gas mixtures portable life support systems underwater breathing apparatus Argos system GS networks . satellite networks . . Argos system RT data collection platforms data transmission ocean data acquisitions systems satellite doppler positioning Argosy MK-1 aircraft GS Hawker Siddeley aircraft . Argosy MK-1 aircraft jet aircraft . turboprop aircraft . . Argosy MK-1 aircraft monoplanes . Argosy MK-1 aircraft transport aircraft . Argosy MK-1 aircraft RT# aircraft arguments (mathematics) USE independent variables Argus project GS programs . projects . . Argus project RT thermonuclear explosions Ariane 4 launch vehicle (added April 1995) GS launch vehicles . Ariane launch vehicle . . Ariane 4 launch vehicle RT European space programs space commercialization Ariane 5 launch vehicle (added April 1995) GS launch vehicles . Ariane launch vehicle . . Ariane 5 launch vehicle RT Automated Transfer Vehicle European space programs space commercialization Ariane launch vehicle GS launch vehicles . Ariane launch vehicle . . Ariane 4 launch vehicle . . Ariane 5 launch vehicle RT Eldo launch vehicle Europa launch vehicles European Space Agency European space programs Geosari project arid lands GS land . arid lands RT barren land Death Valley (CA) desertification desertline deserts drought Earth environment Earth resources equatorial regions Gobi desert Mojave Desert (CA) oases Sahara Desert (Africa) soils steppes wadis Ariel DEF A satellite of Uranus orbiting at a mean distance of 192,000 kilometers. GS celestial bodies . natural satellites . . icy satellites . . . Ariel . . Uranus satellites . . . Ariel RT Uranus (planet) Ariel 1 satellite UF S-51 satellite GS artificial satellites . Ariel satellites . . Ariel 1 satellite Ariel 2 satellite UF S-52 satellite GS artificial satellites . Ariel satellites . . Ariel 2 satellite Ariel 3 satellite GS artificial satellites . Ariel satellites . . Ariel 3 satellite Ariel 4 satellite GS artificial satellites . Ariel satellites . . Ariel 4 satellite . scientific satellites . . UK satellites . . . Ariel 4 satellite RT ionospheric electron density ionospheric sounding Ariel 5 satellite DEF One in a series of artificial satellites launched for Britain by the United States. GS artificial satellites . Ariel satellites . . Ariel 5 satellite . scientific satellites . . UK satellites . . . Ariel 5 satellite Ariel satellites GS artificial satellites . Ariel satellites . . Ariel 1 satellite . . Ariel 2 satellite . . Ariel 3 satellite . . Ariel 4 satellite . . Ariel 5 satellite RT geophysical satellites Thor Delta launch vehicle Aries constellation GS constellations . Aries constellation RT celestial bodies celestial sphere stars Aries sounding rocket DEF The largest in terms of weight and volume of the sounding rockets. It has a 44 inch payload capacity. GS rocket vehicles . sounding rockets . . Aries sounding rocket Arietid meteoroids GS celestial bodies . meteoroid showers . . Arietid meteoroids . meteoroids . . Arietid meteoroids ARIP (impact prediction) USE computerized simulation impact prediction ARIS instrumentation ship USE Advanced Range Instrumentation Ship arithmetic GS number theory . arithmetic . . double precision arithmetic . . fixed point arithmetic . . floating point arithmetic RT addition calculators computation dividing (mathematics) exponents integers multiplication subtraction sums arithmetic and logic units UF ALU (computer components) logic units GS computer components . central processing units . . arithmetic and logic units RT computers double precision arithmetic logic circuits Arizona GS nations . United States . . Arizona RT Colorado Plateau (US) Colorado River (North America) Grand Canyon (AZ) Phoenix (AZ) Phoenix quadrangle (AZ) Arkansas GS nations . United States . . Arkansas arm (anatomy) GS anatomy . limbs (anatomy) . . arm (anatomy) . . . elbow (anatomy) . . . forearm appendages . arm (anatomy) . . elbow (anatomy) . . forearm RT humerus scapula ulna wrist ARMA (mathematics) USE autoregressive moving average armatures RT commutators electric generators electric motors electric relays induction motors # rotating electrical machines rotors armed forces GS armed forces . armed forces (foreign) . armed forces (United States) . navy RT# military aircraft # military aviation military spacecraft # military vehicles tanks (combat vehicles) armed forces (foreign) GS armed forces . armed forces (foreign) RT disarmament enemy personnel # military aircraft military technology # military vehicles weapons armed forces (United States) GS armed forces . armed forces (United States) RT defense program disarmament # military aircraft military technology # military vehicles weapons weapons industry Armenia (added August 1993) GS nations . Armenia RT Asia Europe armor RT helmets metal plates ordnance protective clothing shielding arms (robotics) USE robot arms Army-Navy instrumentation program GS programs . Army-Navy instrumentation program RT logistics military technology AROD (range-orbit determination) USE airborne range and orbit determination # aromatic compounds SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) UF aryl compounds RT# chemical compounds chloroaromatics furfuryl alcohol hydrocarbons methylidyne organic compounds polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Aroos meteorite GS celestial bodies . meteorites . . iron meteorites . . . Aroos meteorite arousal RT alertness electroencephalography # stimuli ARPA computer network DEF The "Advanced Research Projects Agency" of the Department of Defense nationwide computer network incorporating digital communication between large numbers of dissimilar computers as well as direct access to programs, data, storage, etc. shared by all terminals. GS networks . communication networks . . internets . . . ARPA computer network . computer networks . . internets . . . ARPA computer network RT computer techniques queueing theory satellite communication spacecraft communication switching circuits telecommunication VSAT (network) ARQ (communication) USE automatic repeat request arrays GS arrays . antenna arrays . . linear arrays . . . endfire arrays . . . . Yagi antennas . . . multispectral linear arrays . . steerable antennas . . . inertialess steerable antennas . . turnstile antennas . large aperture seismic array . laser arrays . multi-anode microchannel arrays . phased arrays . solar arrays . . solar blankets . synthetic arrays . systolic arrays RT antennas focal plane devices matrices (mathematics) photomasks pushbroom sensor modes ranking # statistics # arresters SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT arresting gear blocking brakes (for arresting motion) gaps lightning arresting gear GS landing aids . arresting gear safety devices . arresting gear RT abort apparatus aircraft carriers aircraft safety antiskid devices # arresters # barriers brakes (for arresting motion) crash landing # gear arrhythmia DEF Absence of rhythm, as, for example, in heart beat. GS rates (per time) . heart rate . . arrhythmia arrivals RT approach landing arrow wings DEF Aircraft wings of V-shaped planform, either tapering or of constant chord, suggesting a stylized arrowhead. GS airfoils . wings . . swept wings . . . sweptback wings . . . . arrow wings planforms . wing planforms . . sweptback wings . . . arrow wings RT caret wings delta wings variable sweep wings arroyos GS landforms . arroyos RT canyons drainage patterns erosion limnology rain impact damage water water currents water erosion arsenates GS arsenic compounds . arsenates RT arsenides # oxygen compounds arsenic GS chemical elements . metalloids . . arsenic . . . arsenic isotopes RT metals arsenic alloys GS alloys . arsenic alloys RT metalloids arsenic compounds GS arsenic compounds . arsenates . arsenides . . aluminum arsenides . . . aluminum gallium arsenides . . . indium aluminum arsenides . . gallium arsenides . . . aluminum gallium arsenides . . . indium gallium arsenides . . indium arsenides . . . indium aluminum arsenides . . . indium gallium arsenides . . proustite RT# chemical compounds # Group 5A compounds arsenic isotopes GS chemical elements . metalloids . . arsenic . . . arsenic isotopes . nuclides . . isotopes . . . arsenic isotopes RT metals radioactive isotopes arsenides GS arsenic compounds . arsenides . . aluminum arsenides . . . aluminum gallium arsenides . . . indium aluminum arsenides . . gallium arsenides . . . aluminum gallium arsenides . . . indium gallium arsenides . . indium arsenides . . . indium aluminum arsenides . . . indium gallium arsenides . . proustite RT arsenates intermetallics artemia GS animals . invertebrates . . arthropods . . . artemia arteries GS anatomy . circulatory system . . cardiovascular system . . . blood vessels . . . . arteries . . . . . aorta RT arteriosclerosis bifurcation (biology) carotid sinus body carotid sinus reflex phonoarteriography sphygmography veins arteriosclerosis UF atherosclerosis GS diseases . arteriosclerosis RT angina pectoris arteries cholesterol circulatory system coronary artery disease myocardial infarction arthritis GS diseases . arthritis RT bones calcification joints (anatomy) rheumatic diseases arthropods GS animals . invertebrates . . arthropods . . . artemia . . . crabs . . . insects . . . . bees . . . bollworms . . . . chironomus flies . . . . cockroaches . . . . Coleoptera . . . . . beetles . . . . . . tribolia . . . . . boll weevils . . . . crickets . . . Drosophila . . . . fireflies . . . grasshoppers . . . . locusts . . . . moths . . . . . silkworms . . . spiders RT exoskeletons larvae articulation (speech) GS speech . articulation (speech) RT languages speech defects artifacts RT anthropology antiquities culture (social sciences) museums artificial cardiac pacemaker GS medical equipment . artificial cardiac pacemaker RT biotechnology blood circulation cardiology circulatory system heart pulmonary circulation artificial clouds GS clouds (meteorology) . artificial clouds . . chemical clouds . . . barium ion clouds RT weather modification artificial ears GS medical equipment . prosthetic devices . . artificial ears RT ear artificial gravity DEF A simulated gravity established within a space vehicle by rotation or acceleration. GS gravitation . artificial gravity RT acceleration stresses (physiology) # astronautics environmental control gravity gradient satellites human centrifuges life support systems lower body negative pressure rotating environments spin dynamics weightlessness artificial harbors GS waterways . harbors . . artificial harbors RT cargo ships deepwater terminals dredging marine technology oceanography offshore docking offshore platforms ship terminals tanker ships tanker terminals # tankers terminal facilities transportation artificial heart valves GS medical equipment . artificial heart valves valves . heart valves . . artificial heart valves RT biotechnology blood circulation blood pumps heart heart implantation artificial intelligence DEF A discipline concerned with the development of computer and extended-robotic systems that can exhibit intelligent action. May also be defined as a subfield of computer science concerned with concepts and methods of symbolic inference by a computer and the symbolic representation of the knowledge to be used in making inferences. UF machine recognition GS intelligence . artificial intelligence RT automata theory backpropagation (artificial intelligence) belief networks bionics character recognition cognition computer vision computers decision support systems depersonalization expert systems genetic algorithms hypertext information processing (biology) intellect knowledge based systems knowledge bases (artificial intelligence) knowledge representation # logic logic programming machine learning natural language processing perception pilot support systems predicate calculus predicate logic Prolog (programming language) robotics robots self organizing systems theorem proving voice data processing artificial radiation belts GS particles . charged particles . . magnetically trapped particles . . . radiation belts . . . . artificial radiation belts . corpuscular radiation . . radiation belts . . . artificial radiation belts . trapped particles . . magnetically trapped particles . . . radiation belts . . . . artificial radiation belts RT inner radiation belt nuclear explosions outer radiation belt # radiation artificial respiration USE resuscitation artificial satellites DEF Man-made satellites. GS artificial satellites . active satellites . . SYNCOM satellites . . . Early Bird satellites . . . SYNCOM 1 satellite . . . SYNCOM 2 satellite . . . SYNCOM 3 satellite . . . SYNCOM 4 satellite . Alouette satellites . . Alouette 1 satellite . . Alouette 2 satellite . . Alouette B satellite . Arabsat . Ariel satellites . . Ariel 1 satellite . . Ariel 2 satellite . . Ariel 3 satellite . . Ariel 4 satellite . . Ariel 5 satellite . BESS (satellite) . biosatellites . . Biosatellite 1 . . Biosatellite 2 . . Biosatellite 3 . . Orbiting Frog Otolith . . Sputnik 2 satellite . communication satellites . . ACTS . . aeronautical satellites . . . Aerosat satellites . . Arcomsat . . Communications Technology Satellite . . . ComStar C . . . NATO 3B satellite . . ComStar satellites . . direct broadcast satellites . . European Communications Satellite . . Intelsat satellites . . low frequency transionospheric satellites . . L-Sat . . Marecs maritime satellites . . Marots (ESA) . . Molniya satellites . . MSAT . . Palapa satellites . . . Palapa 2 satellite . . Raduga satellite . . RCA Satcom satellites . . Relay satellites . . . Relay 1 satellite . . . Relay 2 satellite . . Symphonie satellites . . SYNCOM satellites . . . Early Bird satellites . . . SYNCOM 1 satellite . . . SYNCOM 2 satellite . . . SYNCOM 3 satellite . . . SYNCOM 4 satellite . . TDR satellites . . Westar satellites . COSPAS . Courier satellite . Diademe satellites . Discoverer satellites . Dodge satellite . EROS (satellites) . ESA satellites . . Aerosat satellites . . COS-B satellite . . ERS-1 (ESA satellite) . . ERS-2 (esa satellite) . . ESRO 1 satellite . . ESRO 2 satellite . . ESRO 4 satellite . . European Communications Satellite . . Exosat satellite . . GEOS satellites (ESA) . . HEOS satellites . . . HEOS A satellite . . . HEOS B satellite . . Hipparcos satellite . . Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) . . L-Sat . . Magellan ultraviolet astronomy satellite . . Marecs maritime satellites . . Marots (ESA) . . METEOSAT satellite . . OTS (ESA) . . TD satellites . . . TD-1 satellite . . Envisat-1 satellite . . XMM-Newton telescope . European 1 spacecraft . evasive satellites . French satellites . . D-1 satellite . . -2 satellites . . EOLE satellites . . FR-1 satellite . . GEOLE satellites . . PEOLE satellites . . Poseidon satellite . . SPOT (French satellite) . . SRET satellites . . . SRET 1 satellite . . . SRET 2 satellite . geodetic satellites . . ANNA satellites . . Explorer 29 satellite . . Explorer 36 satellite . . GEOLE satellites . . GEOS 1 satellite . . GEOS 2 satellite . . GEOS 3 satellite . . Geosat satellites . . LARGOS satellite . . PAGEOS satellite . . Vanguard 1 satellite . geophysical satellites . . Cosmos satellites . . . Cosmos 2 satellite . . . Cosmos 3 satellite . . . Cosmos 5 satellite . . . Cosmos 6 satellite . . . Cosmos 14 satellite . . . Cosmos 44 satellite . . . Cosmos 54 satellite . . . Cosmos 71 satellite . . . Cosmos 110 satellite . . . Cosmos 137 satellite . . . Cosmos 144 satellite . . . Cosmos 149 satellite . . . Cosmos 166 satellite . . . Cosmos 186 satellite . . . Cosmos 188 satellite . . . Cosmos 206 satellite . . . Cosmos 213 satellite . . . Cosmos 224 satellite . . . Cosmos 225 satellite . . . Cosmos 381 satellite . . . Cosmos 954 satellite . . . Cosmos 1129 satellite . . . Intercosmos satellites . . Explorer 6 satellite . . Explorer 10 satellite . . Explorer 12 satellite . . Explorer 45 satellite . . OGO . . . EGO . . . OGO-3 . . . OGO-5 . . . OGO-A . . . POGO . . . . OGO-4 . . . . OGO-6 . . . . OGO-C . . OSO . . . AOSO . . . OSO-1 . . . OSO-2 . . . OSO-3 . . . OSO-4 . . . OSO-5 . . . OSO-6 . . . OSO-7 . . . OSO-8 . . . OSO-C . . Polar/GGS spacecraft . . Radiation and Meteoroid satellite . . Sputnik 3 satellite . . Vanguard 3 satellite . . Wind/GGS spacecraft . GEOS-D satellite . gravity gradient satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 1 . . . ATS 2 . . . ATS 3 . . . ATS 4 . . . ATS 5 . . . ATS 6 . . . ATS 7 . . . ATS 8 . . ORBIS CAL satellite . GREB satellites . Helios satellites . . Helios 1 . . Helios 2 . . Helios A . . Helios B . Injun satellites . . Explorer 25 satellite . . Injun 1 satellite . . Injun 3 satellite . . Injun 4 satellite . INMARSAT satellites . Inspector satellite . IRIS satellites . ISIS satellites . . Alouette 2 satellite . . ISIS-A . . ISIS-B . . ISIS-X . Landsat satellites . . Landsat 1 . . Landsat 2 . . Landsat 3 . . Landsat 4 . . Landsat 5 . . Landsat 6 . . Landsat 7 . . Landsat E . . Landsat F . Lincoln Experimental Satellites . lunar satellites . . Explorer 18 satellite . . Explorer 28 satellite . . IMP . . Lunar Orbiter . . . Lunar Orbiter 1 . . . Lunar Orbiter 2 . . . Lunar Orbiter 3 . . . Lunar Orbiter 4 . . . Lunar Orbiter 5 . . Lunar Prospector . . orbiting lunar stations . Mapsat . Marisat satellites . . Marisat 1 satellite . maritime satellites . . ERS-1 (ESA satellite) . . Marecs maritime satellites . . Marots (ESA) . meteorological satellites . . AEROS satellite . . Cosmos 144 satellite . . D-2 satellites . . DMSP satellites . . Elektron satellites . . . Elektron 1 satellite . . . Elektron 2 satellite . . . Elektron 4 satellite . . EOLE satellites . . ESSA satellites . . . ESSA 1 satellite . . . ESSA 2 satellite . . . ESSA 3 satellite . . . ESSA 4 satellite . . . ESSA 5 satellite . . . ESSA 6 satellite . . . ESSA 7 satellite . . . ESSA 8 satellite . . . ESSA 9 satellite . . Explorer 9 satellite . . Explorer 17 satellite . . Explorer 19 satellite . . GEOLE satellites . . GOES satellites . . . GOES 1 . . . GOES 2 . . . GOES 3 . . . GOES 4 . . . GOES 5 . . . GOES 6 . . . GOES 7 . . . GOES 8 . . . GOES 9 . . . GOES 10 . . METEOSAT satellite . . Nimbus satellites . . . Nimbus 1 satellite . . . Nimbus 2 satellite . . . Nimbus 3 satellite . . . Nimbus 4 satellite . . . Nimbus 5 satellite . . . Nimbus 6 satellite . . . Nimbus 7 satellite . . NOAA satellites . . . NOAA 2 satellite . . . NOAA 3 satellite . . . NOAA 4 satellite . . . NOAA 5 satellite . . . NOAA 6 satellite . . . NOAA 7 satellite . . . NOAA 8 satellite . . . NOAA 9 satellite . . . NOAA 10 satellite . . . NOAA 11 satellite . . . NOAA 12 satellite . . . NOAA 14 satellite . . San Marco satellites . . . San Marco 1 satellite . . . San Marco 2 satellite . . . San Marco 3 satellite . . SEOCS (satellite) . . SIRS B satellite . . Sputnik 1 satellite . . Sputnik 2 satellite . . Sputnik 3 satellite . . SRET satellites . . . SRET 1 satellite . . . SRET 2 satellite . . Synchronous Earth Observatory satellite . . . SMS 1 . . . SMS 2 . . Synchronous Meteorological Satellite . . . SMS 1 . . . SMS 2 . . TIROS satellites . . . ITOS satellites . . . . ITOS 1 . . . . ITOS 2 . . . . ITOS 3 . . . . ITOS 4 . . . TIROS 1 satellite . . . TIROS 2 satellite . . . TIROS 3 satellite . . . TIROS 4 satellite . . . TIROS 5 satellite . . . TIROS 6 satellite . . . TIROS 7 satellite . . . TIROS 8 satellite . . . TIROS 9 satellite . . . TIROS 10 satellite . . . TIROS M . . . TIROS N series satellites . . . . NOAA 6 satellite . . TRMM satellite . . Vanguard 2 satellite . Midas satellites . . Midas 2 satellite . . Midas 3 satellite . . Midas 4 satellite . . Midas 5 satellite . . Midas 6 satellite . . Midas 7 satellite . Multispectral Resource Sampler . navigation satellites . . Aerosat satellites . . Explorer 22 satellite . . navigation technology satellites . . NAVSTAR satellites . . Nova satellites . . Refsat . . Transit Attitude Control satellite . . Transit satellites . orbital workshops . . Saturn workshops . . . Saturn 1 workshop . . . Saturn 5 workshop . . Skylab 1 . . Skylab 2 . . Skylab 3 . . Skylab 4 . PAS . passive satellites . . Beacon satellites . . . Beacon Explorer A . . . Explorer 22 satellite . . Echo satellites . . . Echo 1 satellite . . . Echo 2 satellite . . LAGEOS (satellite) . . PAGEOS satellite . Pegasus satellites . Polyot satellites . ROSAT mission . SAGE satellite . Samos . SarSat . scientific satellites . . AMPTE (satellites) . . astronomical satellites . . . Astronomical Netherlands Satellite . . . Gamma Ray Observatory . . . Ginga satellite . . . HEAO . . . . HEAO 1 . . . . HEAO 2 . . . . HEAO 3 . . . . HEAO 4 . . . Hubble Space Telescope . . . Infrared Astronomy Satellite . . . Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) . . . IUE . . . Large Deployable Reflector . . . Magellan ultraviolet astronomy satellite . . . OAO . . . . OAO 1 . . . . OAO 2 . . . . OAO 3 . . . OSO . . . . AOSO . . . . OSO-1 . . . . OSO-2 . . . . OSO-3 . . . . OSO-4 . . . . OSO-5 . . . . OSO-6 . . . . OSO-7 . . . . OSO-8 . . . . OSO-C . . . Quasat . . . SAS . . . . Explorer 53 satellite . . . . SAS-1 . . . . SAS-2 . . . . SAS-3 . . . LISA (observatory) . . . Space Infrared Telescope Facility . . . Spartan satellites . . . Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite . . . Tenma satellite . . . X Ray Astrophysics Facility . . . XMM-Newton telescope . . ATS . . . ATS 1 . . . ATS 2 . . . ATS 3 . . . ATS 4 . . . ATS 5 . . . ATS 6 . . . ATS 7 . . . ATS 8 . . Azur satellite . . Cannonball 2 satellite . . CRRES (satellite) . . DIAL satellite . . Environmental Research Satellites . . . ERS 17 . . . ERS 18 . . . Intasat satellite . . EXOS satellites . . . EXOS-A satellite . . . EXOS-B satellite . . . EXOS-C satellite . . . EXOS-D satellite . . Exosat satellite . . Explorer satellites . . . Applications Explorer Satellites . . . Cosmic Background Explorer satellite . . . Dual Air Density Explorer . . . Dynamics Explorer satellites . . . . Dynamics Explorer 1 satellite . . . . Dynamics Explorer 2 satellite . . . Explorer 1 satellite . . . Explorer 2 satellite . . . Explorer 3 satellite . . . Explorer 4 satellite . . . Explorer 5 satellite . . . Explorer 6 satellite . . . Explorer 7 satellite . . . Explorer 8 satellite . . . Explorer 9 satellite . . . Explorer 10 satellite . . . Explorer 11 satellite . . . Explorer 12 satellite . . . Explorer 14 satellite . . . Explorer 15 satellite . . . Explorer 16 satellite . . . Explorer 17 satellite . . . Explorer 18 satellite . . . Explorer 19 satellite . . . Explorer 20 satellite . . . Explorer 21 satellite . . . Explorer 22 satellite . . . Explorer 23 satellite . . . Explorer 24 satellite . . . Explorer 25 satellite . . . Explorer 26 satellite . . . Explorer 27 satellite . . . Explorer 28 satellite . . . Explorer 29 satellite . . . Explorer 30 satellite . . . Explorer 31 satellite . . . Explorer 32 satellite . . . Explorer 33 satellite . . . Explorer 34 satellite . . . Explorer 35 satellite . . . Explorer 36 satellite . . . Explorer 37 satellite . . . Explorer 38 satellite . . . Explorer 39 satellite . . . Explorer 40 satellite . . . Explorer 41 satellite . . . Explorer 43 satellite . . . Explorer 44 satellite . . . Explorer 45 satellite . . . Explorer 46 satellite . . . Explorer 47 satellite . . . Explorer 48 satellite . . . Explorer 49 satellite . . . Explorer 50 satellite . . . Explorer 51 satellite . . . Explorer 52 satellite . . . Explorer 53 satellite . . . Explorer 54 satellite . . . Explorer 55 satellite . . . Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer satellite . . . Far UV Spectroscopic Explorer . . . IMP . . . International Magnetospheric Explorer . . . International Sun Earth Explorers . . . . International Sun Earth Explorer 1 . . . . International Sun Earth Explorer 2 . . . . International Sun Earth Explorer 3 . . . Advanced Composition Explorer . . . IMAGE satellite . . . Micrometeoroid Explorer satellites . . . Radio Astronomy Explorer satellite . . . Solar Mesosphere Explorer . . . Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite . . . Transition Region and Coronal Explorer . . . Uhuru satellite . . . X Ray Timing Explorer . . Geopotential Research Mission . . Hawkeye satellites . . Long Duration Exposure Facility . . LZEEBE satellite . . MagSat satellites . . . MagSat 1 satellite . . . Magsat A satellite . . . MagSat B satellite . . ORBIS . . . ORBIS CAL satellite . . OV-1 satellites . . OV-2 satellites . . OV-3 satellites . . OV-4 satellites . . OV-5 satellites . . SCATHA satellite . . small scientific satellites . . . Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite . . . Transition Region and Coronal Explorer . . UK satellites . . . Ariel 4 satellite . . . Ariel 5 satellite . . . Miranda satellite . . . UK 4 satellite . . Polar/GGS spacecraft . . TRMM satellite . . Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) . . Wind/GGS spacecraft . SCORE satellite . SEASAT satellites . . SEASAT 1 . . SEASAT-B satellite . Shuttle pallet satellites . Skynet satellites . Snapshot satellite . solar power satellites . Solar Radiation 1 satellite . Solar Radiation 3 satellite . Soviet satellites . . Cosmos 782 satellite . . Cosmos 936 satellite . . Cosmos satellites . . . Cosmos 2 satellite . . . Cosmos 3 satellite . . . Cosmos 5 satellite . . . Cosmos 6 satellite . . . Cosmos 14 satellite . . . Cosmos 44 satellite . . . Cosmos 54 satellite . . . Cosmos 71 satellite . . . Cosmos 110 satellite . . . Cosmos 137 satellite . . . Cosmos 144 satellite . . . Cosmos 149 satellite . . . Cosmos 166 satellite . . . Cosmos 186 satellite . . . Cosmos 188 satellite . . . Cosmos 206 satellite . . . Cosmos 213 satellite . . . Cosmos 224 satellite . . . Cosmos 225 satellite . . . Cosmos 381 satellite . . . Cosmos 954 satellite . . . Cosmos 1129 satellite . . . Intercosmos satellites . . Granat satellite . . Molniya satellites . . Prognoz satellites . . Proton satellites . . . Proton 1 satellite . . . Proton 2 satellite . . . Proton 3 satellite . . . Proton 4 satellite . . Raduga satellite . . Sputnik satellites . . . Sputnik 1 satellite . . . Sputnik 2 satellite . . . Sputnik 3 satellite . . . Sputnik 4 satellite . . . Sputnik 5 satellite . . Venera satellites . . . Venera 2 satellite . . . Venera 3 satellite . . . Venera 4 satellite . . . Venera 5 satellite . . . Venera 6 satellite . . . Venera 7 satellite . . . Venera 8 satellite . . . Venera 9 satellite . . . Venera 10 satellite . . . Venera 11 satellite . . . Venera 12 satellite . space stations . . Automatic Universal Orbiting Stations . . Columbus space station . . Halo Orbit space station . . International Space Station . . man tended free flyers . . Mir space station . . orbiting lunar stations . . Salyut space station . . Skylab 1 . . Skylab 2 . . Skylab 3 . . Skylab 4 . . Space Operations Center (NASA) . . Space Station Freedom . . space station polar platforms . synchronous satellites . . AEROS satellite . . Aerosat satellites . . Anik satellites . . . Anik 1 . . . Anik 2 . . . Anik 3 . . GOES satellites . . . GOES 1 . . . GOES 2 . . . GOES 3 . . . GOES 4 . . . GOES 5 . . . GOES 6 . . . GOES 7 . . . GOES 8 . . . GOES 9 . . . GOES 10 . . Miranda satellite . . SIRIO satellite . . StormSat satellite . . Synchronous Earth Observatory satellite . . . SMS 1 . . . SMS 2 . . Synchronous Meteorological Satellite . . . SMS 1 . . . SMS 2 . . SYNCOM satellites . . . Early Bird satellites . . . SYNCOM 1 satellite . . . SYNCOM 2 satellite . . . SYNCOM 3 satellite . . . SYNCOM 4 satellite . . TD satellites . . . TD-1 satellite . Telstar satellites . . Telstar 1 satellite . . Telstar 2 satellite . tethered satellites . Vanguard satellites . . Vanguard 1 satellite . . Vanguard 2 satellite . . Vanguard 3 satellite . Engineering Test Satellites . microsatellites . nanosatellites . Terra spacecraft . Vela satellites RT flexible spacecraft inflatable spacecraft interplanetary spacecraft lunar orbits lunar spacecraft maneuverable spacecraft manned spacecraft military spacecraft National Oceanic Satellite System natural satellites observatories orbits reconnaissance spacecraft satellite sounding # satellites space capsules space laboratories Telstar project unmanned spacecraft artillery GS weapons . guns (ordnance) . . artillery . . . howitzers . . . precision guided projectiles RT gun launchers gunnery training missiles rifles Sabot projectiles artillery fire RT# barrages gunfire arts GS arts . graphic arts . . animation . . . computer animation RT creativity music Aryabhata USE Indian spacecraft aryl compounds USE aromatic compounds ASA USE acetylsalicylic acid asbestos GS minerals . asbestos RT Amberlite (trademark) electrical insulation insulation nonflammable materials serpentine thermal insulation ascent GS ascent . climbing flight RT balloons descent Lunar Module Ascent Stage takeoff ascent propulsion systems GS propulsion . ascent propulsion systems propulsion system configurations . ascent propulsion systems RT Lunar Module missiles propellants rocket propellants space flight Space Shuttle Ascent Stage # systems ascent trajectories GS trajectories . ascent trajectories RT ballistic trajectories climbing flight coasting flight descent trajectories flight mechanics guidance (motion) injection guidance lofting Lunar Module Ascent Stage midcourse trajectories missile trajectories orbit insertion parabolic flight post boost propulsion system rendezvous trajectories spacecraft trajectories ascorbic acid UF vitamin C GS acids . ascorbic acid organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . ascorbic acid vitamins . ascorbic acid ascorbic acid metabolism GS metabolism . ascorbic acid metabolism RT vitamins ASCR reactor USE advanced sodium cooled reactor ASDE USE airport surface detection equipment ASE (aerodynamics) USE aeroservoelasticity ashes GS ashes . fly ash RT air pollution coal combustion products cultivation fertilizers fire damage forest fires lignite reaction products residues Asia GS continents . Asia RT Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bangladesh Brunei Burma Cambodia China Commonwealth of Independent States Georgia (Eurasia) Himalayas Hong Kong India Iran Iraq Israel Japan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Middle East Mongolia nations Nepal North Korea Pakistan Papua New Guinea Qatar Red Sea Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Sea of Japan Siberia Sikkim Singapore South Korea Southeast Asia Southern Yemen Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Tibet tundra Turkmenistan U.S.S.R. Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen ASIC USE application specific integrated circuits aspartates GS biopolymers . proteins . . aspartates esters . aspartates organic compounds . proteins . . aspartates RT amino acids aspartic acid aspartic acid GS acids . amino acids . . aspartic acid . carboxylic acids . . aspartic acid organic compounds . amino acids . . aspartic acid . carboxylic acids . . aspartic acid RT aspartates peptides aspect ratio DEF In general, the ratio of one dimension to another. In aeronautics, the ratio of the square of the span of an airfoil to the total airfoil area, or the ratio of its span to its mean chord. UF slenderness ratio GS ratios . aspect ratio . . fineness ratio . . high aspect ratio . . low aspect ratio . . thickness ratio RT aerodynamic characteristics airfoils dimensional analysis dimensional stability lift # span structural stability wings Aspergillus GS plants (botany) . fungi . . Aspergillus RT infectious diseases # mold asphalt DEF A dark brown to black cementitious material, in which the predominating constituents are bitumens which occur in nature or are obtained in petroleum processing. GS products . petroleum products . . asphalt RT amorphous materials pavements pitch (material) tars asphaltenes DEF Components of bitumens that are soluble in carbon disulphide but not in paraffin naphtha, constitute the solid dispersed particles of the bitumens, and consist of high molecular weight hydrocarbons. RT coal coal derived liquids coal liquefaction hydrogenation aspheres USE aspheric optics aspheric optics (added June 1995) DEF Lenses whose surfaces are custom tuned to specific applications, thereby correcting aberrations in an optical system. UF aspheres asymmetrical optics nonspherical optics GS lenses . aspheric optics RT asphericity laser fusion lens design optical materials # optics asphericity RT aberration aspheric optics geometrical optics # optics refraction spheres asphyxia RT anoxia respiration signs and symptoms aspiration USE vacuum ASRM (STS) USE Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (STS) ASROC engine GS engines . rocket engines . . solid propellant rocket engines . . . ASROC engine RT antisubmarine warfare torpedoes Assateague Island (MD-VA) GS landforms . islands . . Assateague Island (MD-VA) RT Atlantic Ocean Maryland Virginia assaulting USE attacking (assaulting) assaying RT chemical analysis immunoassay Mars surface samples particulate sampling radioimmunoassay sampling assembler routines GS computer programming . assembler routines computer programs . computer systems programs . . assembler routines RT compilers disk operating system (DOS) operating systems (computers) assemblies GS assemblies . subassemblies . tail assemblies . . horizontal tail surfaces . . sweptback tail surfaces . . swing tail assemblies . . T tail surfaces . . trapezoidal tail surfaces RT accumulations assembling # assembly collocation # components fabrication mosaics strings assembling GS assembling . orbital assembly . self assembly RT assemblies # assembly # attachment clean rooms collection construction fabrication fitting installing # joining mounting preparation rigging space manufacturing # assembly SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT assemblies assembling collocation self assembly Assembly language GS languages . programming languages . . Assembly language . . . autocoders . . . COMPASS (programming language) . . . MAP (programming language) RT computer programming computer programs computer systems programs machine oriented languages Assess program UF Spacelab simulation flights GS programs . NASA programs . . Assess program RT space shuttles assessments GS assessments . damage assessment . technology assessment RT evaluation pilot ratings ratings revenue value ASSET gliders GS gliders . ASSET gliders RT# aircraft hypersonic gliders lifting reentry vehicles ASSET project GS programs . projects . . ASSET project RT aerothermodynamics environmental tests assignment USE allocations assimilation RT dispersing distributing # distribution material absorption association reactions DEF Gas phase chemical processes in which two molecular species A and B react to form a larger molecule AB. In astrophysics these processes are involved in the "condensation" of small gaseous molecules into larger species. GS chemical reactions . association reactions gas-gas interactions . association reactions RT astrophysics chemical equilibrium condensing endothermic reactions exothermic reactions interstellar chemistry molecular gases molecular interactions oxidation photochemical reactions photooxidation reaction kinetics vapor phases associations USE organizations associative memory (added December 1999) DEF A method or device for data storage in which data is identified by a part or properties of its content, rather than by an address or relative position. UF associative storage content-addressable memory GS memory (computers) . associative memory RT associative processing (computers) computer storage devices neural nets optical memory (data storage) associative processing (computers) DEF Byte-variable computer processing with multifield search, arithmetic, and logic capability. GS data processing . associative processing (computers) RT associative memory digital computers multiprocessing (computers) parallel processing (computers) pipelining (computers) # processing associative storage USE associative memory assumptions RT hypotheses inference risk simplification # theories assurance RT insurance (contracts) quality control redundancy reliability Assured Crew Return Vehicle (added September 1995) DEF An aerospace vehicle designed to return space station crews to Earth quickly (less than 24 hours) in the event of crew illness/injury, space station catastrophe/failure, or transportation element catastrophe/failure. UF ACRV GS recovery vehicles . Assured Crew Return Vehicle RT emergency life sustaining systems escape capsules International Space Station lifeboats rescue operations return to Earth space flight safety management Soyuz spacecraft survival equipment X-38 crew return vehicle astatine GS chemical elements . halogens . . astatine metals . astatine astatine isotopes GS chemical elements . nuclides . . isotopes . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . astatine isotopes metals . astatine isotopes ASTEC solar turboelectric generator GS auxiliary power sources . solar auxiliary power units . . ASTEC solar turboelectric generator electric generators . rotating generators . . turbogenerators . . . ASTEC solar turboelectric generator . solar generators . . solar auxiliary power units . . . ASTEC solar turboelectric generator turbomachinery . turbogenerators . . ASTEC solar turboelectric generator RT Rankine cycle sun thermoelectric generators asteroid belts DEF The location of the orbits of most of the minor planets (estimated at a half million asteroids) between Mars and Jupiter; about 2000 asteroids have been assigned numbers and names. GS celestial bodies . asteroid belts . . Toro asteroid RT Amor asteroid Amphitrite asteroid Apollo asteroids asteroid collisions asteroids # belts Ceres asteroid Chiron Gaspra asteroid Icarus asteroid Ida asteroid meteorite parent bodies meteoroids regions solar system space debris Toutatis asteroid Vesta asteroid asteroid capture DEF The transfer of an asteriod or comet from the influence of a planet into that of another planet or neutral satellite. RT asteroids celestial bodies containment enclosures payloads retaining solar system asteroid collisions (added July 1997) GS collisions . asteroid collisions RT asteroid belts asteroid detection cometary collisions craters Earth (planet) hypervelocity impact meteorite collisions near Earth objects asteroid detection (added July 1997) GS detection . asteroid detection RT asteroid collisions asteroids sky surveys (astronomy) space observations (from Earth) space surveillance (ground based) stellar occultation asteroid missions DEF Space missions for the study of asteroids and related celestial bodies. GS space missions . asteroid missions . . Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby Mission . . Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Mission . . Rosetta mission RT asteroids Clementine spacecraft Deep Space 1 Mission flyby missions interplanetary flight # missions space exploration asteroids DEF Small celestial bodies revolving around the sun, most having orbits between those of Mars and Jupiter. UF minor planets GS celestial bodies . asteroids . . Amor asteroid . . Amphitrite asteroid . . Apollo asteroids . . Ceres asteroid . . Chiron . . EROS asteroid . . Gaspra asteroid . . Icarus asteroid . . Ida asteroid . . Toro asteroid . . Toutatis asteroid . . Trojan asteroids . . Vesta asteroid RT asteroid belts asteroid capture asteroid detection asteroid missions Kuiper belt meteorite parent bodies meteoroids near Earth objects solar system space debris asteroseismology (added March 2001) DEF Study of stellar oscillations as a means to probing the internal structure and dynamics of stars. UF stellar seismology GS seismology . asteroseismology . . helioseismology RT astrometry astronomical photometry astrophysics starquakes stellar evolution stellar interiors stellar oscillations stellar physics asthenopia GS diseases . eye diseases . . asthenopia RT fatigue (biology) asthenosphere (added August 1994) DEF Layer or shell of the Earth below the lithosphere which is weak and in which isostatic adjustments take place, magmas may be generated, and seismic waves are strongly attenuated. RT boundary layers Earth mantle Earth planetary structure lithosphere planetary structure seismology tectonics asthma GS diseases . respiratory diseases . . asthma astigmatism DEF A defect of an optical system in consequence of which rays from a point fail to meet in a focal point resulting in a blurred and imperfect image. GS diseases . eye diseases . . astigmatism RT distortion focusing geometrical optics haploscopes lenses # optics refraction stigmatism ASTP USE Apollo Soyuz test project astrionics DEF Astronautical electronics, particularly the development and use of electronic equipment and systems for space vehicles and platforms. RT# astronautics avionics # control # electronics guidance (motion) satellite communication single event upsets spacecraft communication spacecraft electronic equipment spacecraft instruments # test equipment Astro missions (STS) GS payloads . Space Shuttle payloads . . Astro missions (STS) RT# missions spaceborne astronomy spaceborne telescopes Spacelab payloads Astro vehicle SN (EXCLUDES STS) GS maneuverable spacecraft . Astro vehicle manned spacecraft . Astro vehicle reentry vehicles . recoverable spacecraft . . Astro vehicle soft landing spacecraft . Astro vehicle RT aerospace planes boostglide vehicles ferry spacecraft lifting reentry vehicles # spacecraft Astrobee 1500 rocket vehicle GS rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Astrobee rocket vehicles . . . Astrobee 1500 rocket vehicle . sounding rockets . . Astrobee rocket vehicles . . . Astrobee 1500 rocket vehicle RT solid propellant rocket engines Astrobee rocket vehicles GS rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Astrobee rocket vehicles . . . Astrobee 1500 rocket vehicle . sounding rockets . . Astrobee rocket vehicles . . . Astrobee 1500 rocket vehicle RT Genie rocket vehicle solid propellant rocket engines # vehicles astrobiology USE exobiology astrodynamics DEF The practical application of celestial mechanics, astroballistics, propulsion theory, and allied fields to the problem of planning and directing the trajectories of space vehicles. GS classical mechanics . space mechanics . . astrodynamics RT# astronautics astronomical observatories celestial bodies celestial mechanics # dynamics interplanetary flight orbital mechanics orbital resonances (celestial mechanics) orbits # science space exploration space flight space navigation # spacecraft trajectory analysis astrography SN (EXCLUDES ASTRONOMICAL PHOTOGRAPHY) RT astronomical maps mapping planetary mapping Astroguide Navigation System GS navigation . celestial navigation . . Astroguide Navigation System . inertial navigation . . Astroguide Navigation System RT inertial coordinates star trackers # systems astrolabes DEF Instruments designed to observe the positions and measure the altitudes of celestial bodies. GS measuring instruments . indicating instruments . . astrolabes RT altimeters astrometry astronomical observatories astronomy celestial bodies position (location) position errors solar position star distribution star trackers stars Astroloy (trademark) GS alloys . chromium alloys . . Astroloy (trademark) . cobalt alloys . . Astroloy (trademark) . high strength alloys . . Astroloy (trademark) . nickel alloys . . Astroloy (trademark) . ternary alloys . . Astroloy (trademark) astromasts USE longerons astrometry RT asteroseismology astrolabes astronomical maps astronomical photography astronomical polarimetry astronomy double stars Hipparcos satellite # measurement parallax solar diameter stellar parallax Astron thermonuclear reactor GS nuclear reactors . Astron thermonuclear reactor RT relativistic plasmas thermonuclear power generation thermonuclear reactions astronaut locomotion GS locomotion . astronaut locomotion RT extravehicular activity extravehicular mobility units intravehicular activity life support systems man operated propulsion systems manned maneuvering units orbital workers astronaut maneuvering equipment GS astronaut maneuvering equipment . manned maneuvering units RT extravehicular activity extravehicular mobility units human factors engineering IMLSS intravehicular activity self maneuvering units walking machines astronaut performance GS human performance . astronaut performance . . blackout prevention RT confinement confining human factors engineering intravehicular activity man machine systems operator performance # performance physiological factors pilot performance psychological factors space psychology spacecraft performance weightlessness astronaut training GS education . flight training . . space flight training . . . astronaut training learning . astronaut training RT ejection training pilot training space maintenance space psychology training simulators # astronautics SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF The science of space flight including the design, construction, and operation of spacecraft. RT aerospace environments artificial gravity astrionics astrodynamics astronauts astronomy auxiliary propulsion avionics bioastronautics Biosatellite 3 cosmonauts Earth-Venus trajectories human factors engineering lunar bases propulsion soft landing space exploration space flight space maintenance space navigation spacecraft docking weightlessness astronauts GS personnel . flying personnel . . astronauts . . . orbital workers RT# astronautics awards cosmonauts crew experiment stations crew observation stations crew workstations crews pilots (personnel) spacecrews astronavigation GS navigation . celestial navigation . . astronavigation RT air navigation interplanetary navigation interstellar travel radio navigation space navigation astronomical catalogs UF star catalogs GS documents . catalogs (publications) . . astronomical catalogs RT# catalogs classifications ephemerides northern sky sky surveys (astronomy) Southern sky tables (data) astronomical coordinates DEF Coordinates defining a point on the surface of the Earth, or of the geoid, in which the local direction of gravity is used as a reference. GS coordinates . astronomical coordinates RT azimuth celestial reference systems cylindrical coordinates geocentric coordinates northern sky planetocentric coordinates planispheres polar coordinates reference stars solar longitude spherical coordinates astronomical interferometry (added June 1993) GS interferometry . astronomical interferometry RT astronomy etalons infrared interferometers interferometers LIGO (observatory) LISA (observatory) radio astronomy Sagnac effect space observations (from Earth) spaceborne astronomy very long base interferometry astronomical maps GS maps . astronomical maps . . planispheres RT astrography astrometry celestial reference systems celestial sphere lunar maps astronomical models UF orreries GS models . astronomical models . . density wave model . . stellar models RT big bang cosmology corotation cosmology mathematical models molecular clouds planetariums Reissner-Nordstrom solution solar neutrinos solar oscillations stellar oscillations Astronomical Netherlands Satellite UF ANS GS artificial satellites . scientific satellites . . astronomical satellites . . . Astronomical Netherlands Satellite observatories . astronomical observatories . . astronomical satellites . . . Astronomical Netherlands Satellite RT Netherlands Netherlands space program astronomical observatories GS observatories . astronomical observatories . . astronomical satellites . . . Astronomical Netherlands Satellite . . . Gamma Ray Observatory . . . Ginga satellite . . . HEAO . . . . HEAO 1 . . . . HEAO 2 . . . . HEAO 3 . . . . HEAO 4 . . . Hubble Space Telescope . . . Infrared Astronomy Satellite . . . Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) . . . IUE . . . Large Deployable Reflector . . . Magellan ultraviolet astronomy satellite . . . OAO . . . . OAO 1 . . . . OAO 2 . . . . OAO 3 . . . OSO . . . . AOSO . . . . OSO-1 . . . . OSO-2 . . . . OSO-3 . . . . OSO-4 . . . . OSO-5 . . . . OSO-6 . . . . OSO-7 . . . . OSO-8 . . . . OSO-C . . . Quasat . . . SAS . . . . Explorer 53 satellite . . . . SAS-1 . . . . SAS-2 . . . . SAS-3 . . . LISA (observatory) . . . Space Infrared Telescope Facility . . . Spartan satellites . . . Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite . . . Tenma satellite . . . X Ray Astrophysics Facility . . . XMM-Newton telescope . . Astroplane . . ROSAT mission . . SOFIA (airborne observatory) . . solar observatories . . . OSO . . . . AOSO . . . . OSO-1 . . . . OSO-2 . . . . OSO-3 . . . . OSO-4 . . . . OSO-5 . . . . OSO-6 . . . . OSO-7 . . . . OSO-8 . . . . OSO-C . . . Pinhole Occulter Facility . . European Southern Observatory . . LIGO (observatory) RT astrodynamics astrolabes astronomy celestial bodies geophysical observatories honeycomb mirrors Jodrell Bank Observatory lunar observatories Next Generation Space Telescope project northern sky radio astronomy seeing (astronomy) segmented mirrors Southern sky spaceborne telescopes telescopes astronomical photography GS imagery . photography . . astronomical photography RT aerial photography astrometry astronomy atmospheric windows Baker-Nunn camera black and white photography coronagraphs diffraction limited cameras electro-optical photography faint object camera infrared astronomy infrared photography Lallemand cameras lunar photographs lunar photography reference stars rocket-borne photography satellite-borne photography Schmidt cameras Southern sky spaceborne photography spaceborne telescopes astronomical photometry GS optical measurement . photometry . . astronomical photometry . . . stellar spectrophotometry RT asteroseismology atmospheric windows blinking cometary atmospheres DIAL satellite infrared photometry spectrophotometry superhumps (astronomy) telephotometry astronomical polarimetry (added July 1991) DEF The measurement of electromagnetic radiation from celestial bodies by polarimeters. GS optical measurement . polarimetry . . astronomical polarimetry RT astrometry astronomy polarimeters astronomical satellites GS artificial satellites . scientific satellites . . astronomical satellites . . . Astronomical Netherlands Satellite . . . Gamma Ray Observatory . . . Ginga satellite . . . HEAO . . . . HEAO 1 . . . . HEAO 2 . . . . HEAO 3 . . . . HEAO 4 . . . Hubble Space Telescope . . . Infrared Astronomy Satellite . . . Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) . . . IUE . . . Large Deployable Reflector . . . Magellan ultraviolet astronomy satellite . . . OAO . . . . OAO 1 . . . . OAO 2 . . . . OAO 3 . . . OSO . . . . AOSO . . . . OSO-1 . . . . OSO-2 . . . . OSO-3 . . . . OSO-4 . . . . OSO-5 . . . . OSO-6 . . . . OSO-7 . . . . OSO-8 . . . . OSO-C . . . Quasat . . . SAS . . . . Explorer 53 satellite . . . . SAS-1 . . . . SAS-2 . . . . SAS-3 . . . LISA (observatory) . . . Space Infrared Telescope Facility . . . Spartan satellites . . . Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite . . . Tenma satellite . . . X Ray Astrophysics Facility . . . XMM-Newton telescope observatories . astronomical observatories . . astronomical satellites . . . Astronomical Netherlands Satellite . . . Gamma Ray Observatory . . . Ginga satellite . . . HEAO . . . . HEAO 1 . . . . HEAO 2 . . . . HEAO 3 . . . . HEAO 4 . . . Hubble Space Telescope . . . Infrared Astronomy Satellite . . . Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) . . . IUE . . . Large Deployable Reflector . . . Magellan ultraviolet astronomy satellite . . . OAO . . . . OAO 1 . . . . OAO 2 . . . . OAO 3 . . . OSO . . . . AOSO . . . . OSO-1 . . . . OSO-2 . . . . OSO-3 . . . . OSO-4 . . . . OSO-5 . . . . OSO-6 . . . . OSO-7 . . . . OSO-8 . . . . OSO-C . . . Quasat . . . SAS . . . . Explorer 53 satellite . . . . SAS-1 . . . . SAS-2 . . . . SAS-3 . . . LISA (observatory) . . . Space Infrared Telescope Facility . . . Spartan satellites . . . Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite . . . X Ray Astrophysics Facility . . . XMM-Newton telescope RT ROSAT mission spaceborne astronomy astronomical spectroscopy GS spectroscopy . astronomical spectroscopy . . stellar spectrophotometry RT astronomy continuous spectra electromagnetic spectra infrared spectroscopy Kuiper Airborne Observatory organic solids radial velocity radiation spectra radio astronomy radio spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy solar spectra Southern sky spectra spectroscopic telescopes stellar spectra ultraviolet spectroscopy visible spectrum x ray spectroscopy astronomical telescopes USE telescopes astronomy DEF The science that treats of the location, magnitudes, motions, and constitution of celestial bodies and structures. Used for celestial observation. UF celestial observation GS astronomy . gamma ray astronomy . infrared astronomy . radar astronomy . radio astronomy . spaceborne astronomy . ultraviolet astronomy . x ray astronomy RT# aerospace sciences Amor asteroid Apollo asteroids astrolabes astrometry # astronautics astronomical interferometry astronomical observatories astronomical photography astronomical polarimetry astronomical spectroscopy astrophysics celestial bodies celestial mechanics Earth limb halos infrared sources (astronomy) infrared telescopes mass to light ratios meteoroid showers missing mass (astrophysics) # physical sciences relic radiation # science seeing (astronomy) selenology sidereal time sky surveys (astronomy) solar neighborhood solar parallax Southern sky spaceborne telescopes stellar magnitude stellar models stellar oscillations telescopes astrophysics DEF Study of the physical characteristics and processes associated with celestial bodies and interstellar space. The application of the laws of physics to the study of the celestial bodies and astronomical phenomena such as luminosity, size, mass, density, temperature, and chemical composition. Used for geoastrophysics. UF geoastrophysics GS astrophysics . computational astrophysics . nuclear astrophysics . stellar physics . . solar physics RT accretion disks association reactions asteroseismology astronomy brightness distribution brightness temperature celestial bodies celestial mechanics cosmology degenerate matter dense plasmas disk galaxies galactic evolution gamma ray astronomy geophysics grand unified theory gravitational binding energy gravitational collapse gravitational instability helioseismology interstellar extinction magnetic field configurations mass to light ratios Michelson interferometers missing mass (astrophysics) naked singularities Orion nebula # physics planetary rotation radio interferometers radio jets (astronomy) relic radiation # science solar neutrinos Spartan satellites spin temperature star formation stellar cores stellar envelopes stellar evolution stellar interiors stellar oscillations theoretical physics Wolf-Rayet stars X Ray Astrophysics Facility x ray binaries Astroplane SN (LIMITED TO THE EUROPEAN AIRBORNE ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY) GS observatories . astronomical observatories . . Astroplane RT airborne equipment infrared telescopes asymmetrical optics USE aspheric optics asymmetry UF dissymmetry RT antisymmetry deviation distortion eccentricity shapes skewness symmetry variations asymptotes GS analysis (mathematics) . real variables . . asymptotes functions (mathematics) . asymptotes RT analytic geometry asymptotic properties asymptotic series calculus numerical analysis asymptotic giant branch stars UF AGB stars GS celestial bodies . stars . . giant stars . . . asymptotic giant branch stars RT carbon stars color-magnitude diagram Hertzsprung-Russell diagram late stars M stars Mira variables red giant stars S stars stellar evolution stellar mass ejection asymptotic methods GS problem solving . asymptotic methods RT asymptotic properties iterative solution learning curves # methodology asymptotic properties DEF Properties of any mathematical relation or corresponding physical system characterized by an approach to a given value as an expression, containing a variable, tends to infinity. RT asymptotes asymptotic methods asymptotic series attractors (mathematics) differential equations integral equations mathematical models normality asymptotic series GS analysis (mathematics) . calculus . . series (mathematics) . . . asymptotic series . real variables . . series (mathematics) . . . asymptotic series RT asymptotes asymptotic properties series expansion asynchronous motors GS electromechanical devices . electric motors . . asynchronous motors motors . electric motors . . asynchronous motors RT induction motors synchronous motors asynchronous transfer mode (added January 1997) UF ATM (data transmission) RT broadband channels (data transmission) communication networks data transfer (computers) data transmission optical switching packet switching packet transmission ATARS USE automatic traffic advisory and resolution ataxia GS diseases . ataxia RT muscles ataxite GS rocks . ataxite RT breccia soils Atchafalaya River Basin (LA) GS landforms . structural basins . . river basins . . . Atchafalaya River Basin (LA) RT Louisiana rivers atelectasis DEF Collapsed or airless state of all or part of the lung. GS diseases . atelectasis RT lungs ATF USE F-22 aircraft Athena rocket vehicle GS rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Athena rocket vehicle RT BE-3 engine reentry vehicles solid propellant rocket engines atherosclerosis USE arteriosclerosis athletes RT competition physical exercise physical fitness sports medicine athodyds USE ramjet engines Atlanta (GA) GS cities . Atlanta (GA) RT Georgia Atlantic aircraft USE Breguet 1150 aircraft Atlantic Ocean GS oceans . Atlantic Ocean RT Assateague Island (MD-VA) Azores Bermuda Block Island Sound (RI) Cape Hatteras (NC) Cape Verde Delaware Bay (US) English Channel GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment Gulf Stream Lesser Antilles Lomonosov current Long Island (NY) mid-ocean ridges Outer Banks (NC) Sargasso Sea Wallops Island West Indies Atlantis (orbiter) UF Space Shuttle Orbiter 104 GS manned spacecraft . space shuttles . . Space Shuttle orbiters . . . Atlantis (orbiter) reentry vehicles . recoverable spacecraft . . reusable spacecraft . . . space shuttles . . . . Space Shuttle orbiters . . . . . Atlantis (orbiter) RT manned space flight Space Shuttle mission 51-H Space Shuttle mission 51-J Space Shuttle mission 61-B # spacecraft Atlas Able 5 launch vehicle GS launch vehicles . Atlas launch vehicles . . Atlas Able 5 launch vehicle rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Atlas launch vehicles . . . Atlas Able 5 launch vehicle RT lunar probes space probes Atlas Agena B launch vehicle GS launch vehicles . Atlas launch vehicles . . Atlas Agena B launch vehicle rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Atlas launch vehicles . . . Atlas Agena B launch vehicle RT Agena rocket vehicles Mariner 2 space probe Midas satellites Ranger 4 lunar probe Ranger lunar probes Atlas Agena launch vehicles GS launch vehicles . Atlas launch vehicles . . Atlas Agena launch vehicles rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Atlas launch vehicles . . . Atlas Agena launch vehicles RT Agena rocket vehicles Environmental Research Satellites ERS 17 ERS 18 Mariner 5 space probe Mariner 6 space probe Mariner program OGO-A # vehicles Atlas Centaur launch vehicle GS launch vehicles . Atlas launch vehicles . . Atlas Centaur launch vehicle . Centaur launch vehicle . . Atlas Centaur launch vehicle rocket vehicles . Centaur launch vehicle . . Atlas Centaur launch vehicle . multistage rocket vehicles . . Atlas launch vehicles . . . Atlas Centaur launch vehicle RT Centaur project OAO 1 OAO 2 OAO 3 RL-10 engines Space Shuttle upper stage A Surveyor 1 lunar probe Surveyor 2 lunar probe Surveyor 3 lunar probe Surveyor 4 lunar probe Surveyor 5 lunar probe Surveyor 6 lunar probe Surveyor 7 lunar probe Surveyor project Atlas D ICBM GS missiles . ballistic missiles . . intercontinental ballistic missiles . . . Atlas ICBM . . . . Atlas D ICBM . surface to surface missiles . . intercontinental ballistic missiles . . . Atlas ICBM . . . . Atlas D ICBM RT Centaur launch vehicle Standard Launch Vehicles Vega launch vehicle Atlas E ICBM GS missiles . ballistic missiles . . intercontinental ballistic missiles . . . Atlas ICBM . . . . Atlas E ICBM . surface to surface missiles . . intercontinental ballistic missiles . . . Atlas ICBM . . . . Atlas E ICBM Atlas F ICBM GS missiles . ballistic missiles . . intercontinental ballistic missiles . . . Atlas ICBM . . . . Atlas F ICBM . surface to surface missiles . . intercontinental ballistic missiles . . . Atlas ICBM . . . . Atlas F ICBM Atlas ICBM GS missiles . ballistic missiles . . intercontinental ballistic missiles . . . Atlas ICBM . . . . Atlas D ICBM . . . . Atlas E ICBM . . . . Atlas F ICBM . surface to surface missiles . . intercontinental ballistic missiles . . . Atlas ICBM . . . . Atlas D ICBM . . . . Atlas E ICBM . . . . Atlas F ICBM RT MA-2 engine MA-3 engine Atlas launch vehicles UF SM-65 missile GS launch vehicles . Atlas launch vehicles . . Atlas Able 5 launch vehicle . . Atlas Agena B launch vehicle . . Atlas Agena launch vehicles . . Atlas Centaur launch vehicle . . Atlas SLV-3 launch vehicle rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Atlas launch vehicles . . . Atlas Able 5 launch vehicle . . . Atlas Agena B launch vehicle . . . Atlas Agena launch vehicles . . . Atlas Centaur launch vehicle . . . Atlas SLV-3 launch vehicle RT EGO Gemini project MA-5 engine Mariner program Mercury flights Mercury MA-1 flight Mercury MA-2 flight Mercury MA-3 flight Mercury MA-4 flight Mercury MA-5 flight Mercury MA-6 flight Mercury MA-7 flight Mercury MA-8 flight Mercury MA-9 flight Mercury project Nomad launch vehicle OAO orbital rendezvous Ranger project # vehicles Atlas SLV-3 launch vehicle UF standard launch vehicle 3 GS launch vehicles . Atlas launch vehicles . . Atlas SLV-3 launch vehicle . Standard Launch Vehicles . . Atlas SLV-3 launch vehicle rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Atlas launch vehicles . . . Atlas SLV-3 launch vehicle . Standard Launch Vehicles . . Atlas SLV-3 launch vehicle RT liquid propellant rocket engines MA-5 engine ATLIT project UF Advanced Technology Light Twin aircraft GS programs . NASA programs . . ATLIT project . projects . . ATLIT project RT# aircraft GAW-1 airfoil PA-34 Seneca aircraft ATM (data transmission) USE asynchronous transfer mode Atmosphere Explorer A USE Explorer 17 satellite Atmosphere Explorer B USE Explorer 32 satellite Atmosphere Explorer C USE Explorer 51 satellite Atmosphere Explorer D USE Explorer 54 satellite Atmosphere Explorer E USE Explorer 55 satellite # atmospheres SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF (1) The mixture of gases surrounding the Earth or filling the habitable volume or a spacecraft. (2) The pressure exerted by a column of mercury 760 mm high at 1G, equal to 101.329 kilopascals. RT air argon-oxygen atmospheres atmospheric pressure cabin atmospheres cometary atmospheres controlled atmospheres Earth atmosphere environments equatorial atmosphere gas mixtures gases helium-oxygen atmospheres hypobaric atmospheres life support systems meteorology middle atmosphere Neptune atmosphere neutral atmospheres nongray atmospheres nongray gas planetary atmospheres planetary ionospheres primitive Earth atmosphere satellite atmospheres solar atmosphere stellar atmospheres Uranus atmosphere Atmospheric & Oceanographic Inform Sys SN (ATMOSPHERIC & OCEANOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS) DEF A data system designed primarily for the interactive manipulation of meteorological satellite images. Capabilities include displaying, analyzing, storing, and manipulating digital data in the field of meteorology and Earth resources. Used for AOIPS. UF AOIPS GS information systems . Atmospheric & Oceanographic Inform Sys RT aerology air water interactions data processing data systems imagery isotherms meteorological parameters meteorology minicomputers oceanographic parameters oceanography # systems weather atmospheric absorption USE atmospheric attenuation Atmospheric and Magnetospheric Payload USE AMPS (satellite payload) atmospheric attenuation UF atmospheric absorption GS attenuation . atmospheric attenuation . . auroral absorption RT acoustic attenuation atmospheric lasers cosmic ray albedo electromagnetic absorption electromagnetic scattering electromagnetic wave transmission infrared absorption microwave absorption molecular absorption planetary atmospheres radar attenuation radar transmission radiation absorption radio attenuation radio transmission shock wave attenuation shock wave propagation thermal absorption transmission vegetative index wave attenuation wave propagation atmospheric boundary layer GS boundary layers . atmospheric boundary layer RT air flow air land interactions boundary layer flow Ekman layer # layers mixing layers (fluids) planetary boundary layer primitive equations atmospheric chemistry DEF Study of the production, transport, modification, and removal of atmospheric constituents in the troposphere and stratosphere. GS environmental chemistry . atmospheric chemistry RT acid rain aerothermochemistry air pollution Aitken nuclei atmospheric effects # chemistry formyl ions middle atmosphere nitrous acid photochemical oxidants photochemical reactions physical chemistry satellite atmospheres atmospheric circulation DEF Global or hemispheric air movements which can be treated by equations of motion in contrast to atmospheric diffusion which is small random movement not amenable to treatment by these equations. Used for wind circulation. UF wind circulation GS circulation . atmospheric circulation . . zonal flow (meteorology) RT advection air currents air land interactions air masses annual variations Atmospheric General Circulation Experiment Atmospheric General Circulation Models baroclinic instability Brunt-Vaisala frequency circulation distribution circumpolar westerlies climatology convection cells cyclogenesis Earth atmosphere ground wind horizontal distribution intertropical convergent zones intraseasonal variations jet streams (meteorology) Kelvin waves Madden-Julian Oscillation meridional flow middle atmosphere mixing height monsoons planetary meteorology planetary waves pollution transport quasi-biennial oscillation sea breeze Southern Oscillation superrotation tornadoes TRMM satellite tropical storms turbopause typhoons upwelling water vertical air currents vorticity wind (meteorology) wind direction wind profiles windpower utilization Atmospheric Cloud Physics Lab (Spacelab) DEF A NASA Spacelab mission involving cloud physics experiments in zero gravity environment. Also known as ACPL. Used for ACPL (Spacelab) and zero-g ACPL (Spacelab). UF ACPL (Spacelab) zero-g ACPL (Spacelab) GS laboratories . space laboratories . . Atmospheric Cloud Physics Lab (Spacelab) payloads . Spacelab payloads . . Atmospheric Cloud Physics Lab (Spacelab) RT cloud physics meteorological parameters nephanalysis spacecraft instruments atmospheric composition GS composition (property) . atmospheric composition . . atmospheric moisture . . ionospheric composition RT aeronomy air air pollution Aitken nuclei carbon dioxide concentration chemical composition climate change Earth atmosphere electron density (concentration) equatorial atmosphere Gaia hypothesis gas composition horizontal distribution in situ measurement isotope ratios LACATE (experiment) middle atmosphere mixing ratios moisture content ozone depletion particulates planetary atmospheres primitive Earth atmosphere radio occultation radioactive contaminants satellite atmospheres Saturn atmosphere Solar Mesosphere Explorer Titan atmospheric conditions USE meteorology atmospheric conductivity GS transport properties . atmospheric conductivity . . ionospheric conductivity RT air conductivity # conductivity electrical resistivity thermal conductivity atmospheric correction DEF Removal of the effects of the intervening atmosphere from satellite imagery. GS correction . atmospheric correction RT anisoplanatism atmospheric effects clouds (meteorology) geometric rectification (imagery) image classification image processing infrared radiometers radiative transfer satellite imagery spatial resolution atmospheric density GS density (mass/volume) . atmospheric density RT air pollution Boltzmann distribution # density density (number/volume) electron density (concentration) humidity ion density (concentration) magnetospheric electron density magnetospheric ion density magnetospheric proton density meteorology particle density (concentration) planetary atmospheres plasma density proton density (concentration) space density atmospheric diffusion GS diffusion . atmospheric diffusion RT Boltzmann distribution molecular diffusion pollution transport radio scattering turbulent diffusion atmospheric effects RT aerosols air pollution atmospheric chemistry atmospheric correction # effects erosion exposure rusting seeing (astronomy) soil erosion turbulence vegetative index wind effects wind erosion atmospheric electricity DEF Electrical phenomena, regarded collectively, which occur in the Earth's atmosphere. Also the study of electrical processes occurring within the atmosphere. GS electricity . atmospheric electricity . . ionospheric currents . . . Birkeland currents . . . electrojets . . . . auroral electrojets . . . . equatorial electrojet . . . Pedersen currents RT atmospherics ball lightning cloud physics dust storms Earth atmosphere electric corona electron density profiles elves field aligned currents lightning lightning suppression primitive Earth atmosphere ring currents sprites (atmospheric physics) static electricity telluric currents atmospheric emission USE airglow atmospheric energy sources RT ammonia atmospheric heat budget atmospheric heating atmospheric physics energy budgets # energy sources ethyl alcohol planetary atmospheres atmospheric entry DEF The penetration of any planetary atmosphere by any object from outer space; specifically, the penetration of the Earth's atmosphere by a manned or unmanned capsule or spacecraft. Used for planetary entry. UF planetary entry GS atmospheric entry . reentry . . hyperbolic reentry . . hypersonic reentry . . . uncontrolled reentry (spacecraft) . . manned reentry . . spacecraft reentry . . . uncontrolled reentry (spacecraft) RT ablation aeroassist aerocapture aerodynamic heating aeromaneuvering bolides descent trajectories Earth atmosphere # entry entry guidance (STS) falling Galileo project gas guns orbit decay space flight spacecraft breakup atmospheric entry simulation GS simulation . atmospheric entry simulation RT environment simulation flight simulators landing simulation space environment simulation Atmospheric General Circulation Experiment DEF Model experiment of the Earth's atmospheric circulation as proposed for a Spacelab flight on which a liquid contained between two concentric spheres is subjected to rotation. The thermal driving force will be a stable radial temperature gradient and an unstable latitudinal gradient. GS payloads . Space Shuttle payloads . . Atmospheric General Circulation Experiment . Spacelab payloads . . Atmospheric General Circulation Experiment RT atmospheric circulation Atmospheric General Circulation Models Earth atmosphere space transportation system Atmospheric General Circulation Models (added March 1989) GS models . atmospheric models . . Atmospheric General Circulation Models RT atmospheric circulation Atmospheric General Circulation Experiment climatology long range weather forecasting numerical weather forecasting atmospheric heat budget GS energy budgets . heat budget . . atmospheric heat budget RT atmospheric energy sources Earth radiation budget greenhouse effect heat balance heat transfer stratospheric warming atmospheric heating SN (EXCLUDES AERODYNAMIC HEATING) GS heating . atmospheric heating . . global warming . . stratospheric warming RT atmospheric energy sources bolides atmospheric impurities USE air pollution atmospheric ionization UF meteoritic ionization GS ionization . gas ionization . . atmospheric ionization . . . auroral ionization RT afterglows airglow Antares rocket vehicle Earth ionosphere electron density profiles elves photoionization plasmasphere radio meteors riometers sprites (atmospheric physics) atmospheric lasers DEF The theoretical phenomena whereby the upper atmosphere is used as the lasing medium. GS stimulated emission devices . lasers . . atmospheric lasers RT atmospheric attenuation atmospheric optics atmospheric scattering laser outputs TEA lasers atmospheric loading USE pollution transport atmospheric models GS models . atmospheric models . . Atmospheric General Circulation Models . . reference atmospheres RT baroclinic instability Chapman-Ferraro problem climate models environment models environment simulation horizontal distribution intraseasonal variations large eddy simulation Madden-Julian Oscillation mathematical models numerical weather forecasting ocean models primitive Earth atmosphere solar oscillations stellar oscillations Venus clouds weather forecasting atmospheric moisture GS composition (property) . atmospheric composition . . atmospheric moisture . concentration (composition) . . moisture content . . . atmospheric moisture moisture . atmospheric moisture RT acid rain Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit anvil clouds cap clouds cirrocumulus clouds cirrostratus clouds clouds (meteorology) dew point humidity hydrometeors mixing ratios precipitation (meteorology) psychrometers water vapor atmospheric noise USE atmospherics atmospheric optics DEF The study of the optical characteristics of the atmosphere and of the optical phenomena produced by the atmosphere's suspensoids and hydrometeors. It embraces the study of refraction, reflection, diffraction, scattering, and polarization of light, but is not commonly regarded as including the study of any other kinds of radiation. RT adaptive optics anisoplanatism atmospheric lasers clarity haze infrared absorption light transmission opacity # optics seeing (astronomy) thermal lensing transparence vegetative index atmospheric physics UF aerophysics GS atmospheric physics . cloud physics RT aeronomy atmospheric energy sources Brunt-Vaisala frequency dust storms Earth sciences International Magnetospheric Study magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling meteorology neutral sheets # physics planetary meteorology satellite atmospheres # science secular variations turbopause atmospheric pressure DEF The pressure at any point in an atmosphere due solely to the weight of the atmospheric gases above the point concerned. Used for barometric pressure. UF barometric pressure GS pressure . atmospheric pressure RT anticyclones # atmospheres cyclogenesis cyclones gas pressure geopotential height high altitude pressure isobars (pressure) isostatic pressure meteorological parameters pressure gradients radio occultation Southern Oscillation weather atmospheric radiation DEF Infrared radiation emitted by or being propagated through the atmosphere. GS atmospheric radiation . auroras . . auroral arcs . . . red arcs . . radio auroras . dawn chorus . ionospheric noise . . whistlers . sky radiation . . airglow . . . geocoronal emissions . . . nightglow . . . twilight glow . . dayglow . . elves . . sprites (atmospheric physics) . stratosphere radiation . tropospheric radiation RT corpuscular radiation Earth radiation budget electromagnetic radiation extraterrestrial radiation greenhouse effect ionospheric heating light (visible radiation) # radiation # rays secondary cosmic rays terrestrial radiation VLF emission recorders atmospheric refraction DEF Refraction resulting when a ray of radiant energy passes obliquely through an atmosphere. GS refraction . atmospheric refraction . . radio wave refraction RT electromagnetic radiation light transmission refractivity solar radiation wave dispersion atmospheric scattering GS scattering . wave scattering . . atmospheric scattering . . . tropospheric scattering RT atmospheric lasers circumsolar radiation diffraction diffusion electromagnetic scattering halos light scattering microwave scattering radio scattering signal fading vegetative index atmospheric seeing USE seeing (astronomy) atmospheric shells USE atmospheric stratification atmospheric sounding DEF Measurement of atmospheric phenomena generally with instruments carried aloft by spacecraft, rockets, etc. GS sounding . atmospheric sounding RT Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit balloon sounding differential absorption lidar in situ measurement ionospheric sounding rocket sounding satellite sounding visible infrared spin scan radiometer atmospheric stratification DEF The presence of strata or layers in the Earth's atmosphere. Used for atmospheric shells. UF atmospheric shells GS stratification . atmospheric stratification RT Brunt-Vaisala frequency mixing layers (fluids) plasma layers surface layers atmospheric temperature GS temperature . atmospheric temperature . . auroral temperature . . ionospheric temperature RT Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit ambient temperature climate change Gaia hypothesis gas temperature global warming isotherms LACATE (experiment) land surface temperature meteorological parameters planetary atmospheres planetary temperature quasi-biennial oscillation radio occultation sodar sound detecting and ranging stratospheric warming subzero temperature temperature gradients temperature inversions thermal resources weather atmospheric tides DEF Defined in analogy to the oceanic tide as an atmospheric motion on a worldwide scale, in which vertical accelerations are neglected (but compressibility is taken into account). GS tides . atmospheric tides RT Earth tides lunar tides atmospheric turbulence GS turbulence . atmospheric turbulence . . clear air turbulence . . gusts . . low level turbulence RT aviation meteorology dissipation gust loads homogeneous turbulence isotropic turbulence laminar flow meteorological parameters meteorology seeing (astronomy) tephigrams turbopause turbulent diffusion turbulent flow wind variations atmospheric windows DEF Wavelength intervals at which the atmosphere transmits the most electromagnetic radiation. RT astronomical photography astronomical photometry atmospherics DEF The radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations originating, principally, in the irregular surges of charge in thunderstorm lightning discharges. Atmospherics are heard as a quasi-steady background of crackling noise (static) in ordinary amplitude modulated radio receivers. Used for atmospheric noise and sferics. UF atmospheric noise sferics GS electromagnetic interference . radio frequency interference . . electromagnetic noise . . . atmospherics . . . . ionospherics . . . . . dawn chorus . . . . . hiss . . . . sudden enhancement of atmospherics . . . . whistlers RT atmospheric electricity blackout (propagation) electromagnetic compatibility radio meteorology radio waves static electricity thunderstorms VLF emission recorders atoll reefs USE coral reefs atolls DEF Coral reefs appearing in plan view as roughly circular (though sometimes elliptical or horseshoe-shaped), and surmounted by a chain or ring of closely spaced low coral inlets that encircle a shallow lagoon in which there is no pre-existing land or islands of non-coral origin; the reefs are surrounded by deep water of the open sea, either oceanic or continental shelves. Atolls range in diameter from 1 km to more than 130 km, and are especially common today in the western and central Pacific Ocean. Atoll is derived from the native name in the Maldive Islands (Indian Ocean) which are typical examples of this structure. GS landforms . islands . . atolls RT coral reefs lagoons reefs atom concentration GS composition (property) . concentration (composition) . . atom concentration RT chemical composition # density electron density (concentration) flux density gas composition gas density ion density (concentration) ionospheric composition plasma composition plasma density proton density (concentration) atomic batteries USE radioisotope batteries atomic beams GS beams (radiation) . particle beams . . atomic beams RT ion beams molecular beams neutral atoms neutral beams neutron beams particle diffusion rarefied gas dynamics atomic bombs USE fission weapons atomic clocks DEF Timekeeping devices controlled by the frequency of the natural vibrations of certain atoms. GS measuring instruments . time measuring instruments . . clocks . . . atomic clocks RT autonomous spacecraft clocks chronometers clock paradox frequency standards gas masers masers molecular beams time measurement atomic clusters (added January 1994) RT agglomeration chemisorption clumps # clusters fullerenes metal clusters molecular clusters nucleation atomic collisions GS atomic interactions . atomic collisions collisions . atomic collisions RT# absorption atomizing autoionization # cross sections elastic scattering electron scattering # interactions ionic collisions ionization molecular collisions particle collisions recoil ions recombination reactions scattering atomic energy USE nuclear energy atomic energy levels UF triplet excitation triplet state GS level (quantity) . energy levels . . atomic energy levels RT atomic interactions excitation ground state Landau factor laser cooling line spectra spontaneous emission atomic excitations GS excitation . atomic excitations RT energy levels Heisenberg theory ionization molecular excitation particle collisions resonance fluorescence atomic explosions USE nuclear explosions atomic force microscopy (added February 1994) DEF A form of microscopy that allows the imaging of general surface morphology and surface atomic structure by the measurement of the atomic forces acting on a sharply pointed probe as it is moved across the surface of a specimen. UF AFM (microscopy) GS microscopy . atomic force microscopy RT atomic structure crystal surfaces interatomic forces microstructure nanoindentation surface properties thin films atomic gases USE monatomic gases atomic interactions GS atomic interactions . atomic collisions RT atomic energy levels # interactions ion atom interactions molecular structure quantum mechanics atomic layer epitaxy (added June 1997) GS growth . crystal growth . . epitaxy . . . atomic layer epitaxy RT molecular beam epitaxy thin films vapor deposition vapor phase epitaxy atomic mass USE atomic weights atomic mobilities GS mobility . atomic mobilities RT electron mobility hole mobility ionic mobility self diffusion (solid state) atomic physics RT Hartree-Fock-Slater method # physics resonance fluorescence # science atomic recombination GS chemical reactions . atomic recombination . . oxygen recombination recombination reactions . atomic recombination . . oxygen recombination RT deionization dissociation emission emission spectra ion recombination radiative recombination atomic spectra GS spectra . atomic spectra RT Balmer series Lyman alpha radiation Lyman beta radiation Lyman spectra Paschen series Rydberg series atomic structure SN (THIS TERM WAS USED FOR "ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE" PRIOR TO MAY 1999) RT atomic force microscopy atoms constitution crystal lattices electronic structure elementary particles energy levels fine structure gravitons Hartree approximation hyperfine structure interatomic forces isoelectronic sequence melts (crystal growth) molecular structure nuclear chemistry nuclear models nuclear physics octets order-disorder transformations particle precipitation Pauli exclusion principle polywater # structures Thomas-Fermi model atomic theory GS atomic theory . Heisenberg theory RT electron transitions ground state Landau factor # nuclear energy quantum theory # theories atomic weights DEF The weight of an atom according to a scale of atomic weight units, awu, valued as one-twelfth the mass of the carbon atom. Used for atomic mass. UF atomic mass GS weight (mass) . atomic weights RT# weight atomization USE atomizing atomizers RT atomizing evaporators grinding mills # nozzles sprayers atomizing UF atomization GS atomizing . gas atomization . liquid atomization RT aerosols atomic collisions atomizers colloidal generators colloiding comminution disintegration flaking grinding (comminution) grinding mills metal powder spraying atoms GS atoms . helium atoms . hot atoms . hydrogen atoms . metastable atoms . neutral atoms . nitrogen atoms . oxygen atoms . recoil atoms RT atomic structure chemical elements # elements free radicals ions isomers isotope separation isotopes molecules monatomic molecules nuclei (nuclear physics) polyatomic molecules positive ions positronium ATP USE adenosine triphosphate ATR reactor USE advanced test reactors ATR-72 aircraft (added September 1994) GS jet aircraft . turboprop aircraft . . ATR-72 aircraft passenger aircraft . commuter aircraft . . ATR-72 aircraft RT# aircraft atrophy RT biological effects degeneration deterioration glucocorticoids hindlimb suspension nutritional requirements physical exercise tissues (biology) atropine GS bases (chemical) . alkaloids . . atropine drugs . stimulants . . atropine nitrogen compounds . alkaloids . . atropine organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . alkaloids . . . . atropine ATS UF Applications Technology Satellites GS artificial satellites . gravity gradient satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 1 . . . ATS 2 . . . ATS 3 . . . ATS 4 . . . ATS 5 . . . ATS 6 . . . ATS 7 . . . ATS 8 . scientific satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 1 . . . ATS 2 . . . ATS 3 . . . ATS 4 . . . ATS 5 . . . ATS 6 . . . ATS 7 . . . ATS 8 RT communication satellites Early Bird satellites meteorological satellites navigation satellites NAVSTAR satellites ATS 1 GS artificial satellites . gravity gradient satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 1 . scientific satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 1 ATS 2 GS artificial satellites . gravity gradient satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 2 . scientific satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 2 ATS 3 GS artificial satellites . gravity gradient satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 3 . scientific satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 3 ATS 4 GS artificial satellites . gravity gradient satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 4 . scientific satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 4 ATS 5 GS artificial satellites . gravity gradient satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 5 . scientific satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 5 ATS 6 GS artificial satellites . gravity gradient satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 6 . scientific satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 6 RT HET experiment ATS 7 GS artificial satellites . gravity gradient satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 7 . scientific satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 7 ATS 8 GS artificial satellites . gravity gradient satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 8 . scientific satellites . . ATS . . . ATS 8 # attachment SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) UF reattachment RT assembling Coanda effect electron attachment mounting reattached flow attachments USE accessories # attack SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT angle of attack attacking (assaulting) chemical attack attack aircraft GS attack aircraft . A-1 aircraft . A-7 aircraft . A-9 aircraft . A-10 aircraft . A-37 aircraft . AH-1G helicopter . AH-63 helicopter . AH-64 helicopter . bomber aircraft . . A-2 aircraft . . A-3 aircraft . . A-4 aircraft . . A-5 aircraft . . A-6 aircraft . . B-1 aircraft . . B-2 aircraft . . B-26 aircraft . . B-47 aircraft . . B-50 aircraft . . B-52 aircraft . . B-57 aircraft . . B-58 aircraft . . B-66 aircraft . . B-70 aircraft . . F-111 aircraft . . Shackleton bomber . . Valiant aircraft . . Victor MK-1 aircraft . . Vulcan aircraft . Breguet 1150 aircraft . Buccaneer aircraft . CL-41 aircraft . COIN aircraft . . F-5 aircraft . . OV-10 aircraft . DH 115 aircraft . fighter aircraft . . Alpha jet aircraft . . DH 112 aircraft . . F-2 aircraft . . F-4 aircraft . . F-5 aircraft . . F-8 aircraft . . F-9 aircraft . . F-14 aircraft . . F-15 aircraft . . F-16 aircraft . . F-17 aircraft . . F-18 aircraft . . F-20 aircraft . . F-22 aircraft . . F-84 aircraft . . F-86 aircraft . . F-89 aircraft . . F-94 aircraft . . F-100 aircraft . . F-101 aircraft . . F-102 aircraft . . F-104 aircraft . . F-105 aircraft . . F-106 aircraft . . F-117A aircraft . . FV-12A aircraft . . G-91 aircraft . . G-95/4 aircraft . . GA-5 aircraft . . Harrier aircraft . . Jaguar aircraft . . JAS-39 aircraft . . jet provost aircraft . . MiG aircraft . . Mirage aircraft . . . Mirage 3 aircraft . . P-51 aircraft . . P-1127 aircraft . . P-1154 aircraft . . Saab 37 aircraft . . Scimitar aircraft . . Vampire MK 35 aircraft . . YF-12 aircraft . AH-1S helicopter . AH-1W helicopter . P-308 aircraft . T-2 aircraft . TSR-2 aircraft RT aeroquatic vehicles # aircraft antisubmarine warfare aircraft jet aircraft # military aircraft military helicopters MRCA aircraft supersonic aircraft terrain following V/STOL aircraft attacking (assaulting) UF assaulting GS violence . attacking (assaulting) RT# attack # military aircraft tactics warfare attention RT alertness consciousness attenuation DEF Reducing in intensity. GS attenuation . atmospheric attenuation . . auroral absorption . microwave attenuation . sidelobe reduction . wave attenuation . . acoustic attenuation . . . shock wave attenuation . . radar attenuation . . radio attenuation RT# absorption attenuators # conduction damping diffraction dilution dissipation electromagnetic absorption electromagnetic wave transmission elimination fading impingement # inhibition internal friction light (visible radiation) mechanical impedance # propagation # reduction retarding shielding signal fading signal to noise ratios sound propagation sound transmission spatial filtering transmission transmission loss transmitters vibration damping wave degradation wave diffraction wave dispersion wave propagation attenuation coefficients DEF A measure of the space rate of attenuation of any transmitted electromagnetic radiation. GS coefficients . attenuation coefficients RT diffusion coefficient flow coefficients impedance opacity reflectance scattering coefficients transmission efficiency transmittance attenuators DEF Devices for measuring attenuation. They are usually calibrated in dB (decibels). GS attenuators . resistors . . potentiometers (resistors) . . printed resistors . . thermistors RT# absorbers absorbers (materials) attenuation baffles deflectors # diffusers electromagnetic wave filters equalizers (circuits) # filters insulators inverters isolators mufflers power limiters radiation shielding reflectors shielding silencers suppressors attitude (inclination) DEF The position or orientation of an aircraft, spacecraft, etc., either in motion or at rest, as determined by the relationship between its axes and some reference line or plane or some fixed system of reference axes. Used for spatial orientation, tilt, and tilting. UF spatial orientation tilt tilting GS attitude (inclination) . pitch (inclination) . roll . satellite orientation . yaw RT horizontal orientation instrument orientation misalignment # motion # orientation # position # space orientation stability augmentation tiltmeters vertical orientation attitude control DEF The regulation of the attitude of an aircraft, spacecraft, etc. Also a device or system that automatically regulates and corrects attitude, especially of a pilotless vehicle. GS attitude control . directional control . . thrust vector control . lateral control . longitudinal control . satellite attitude control RT air traffic control aircraft control automatic control cold gas # control control moment gyroscopes flight control guidance sensors helicopter control horizon scanners magnetic control manual control Miranda satellite missile control orbital lifetime reaction wheels remote control rocket engine control satellite control solar sensors spacecraft control spacing spin stabilization star trackers thrust control trajectory control visual control attitude gyros DEF Gyro-operated flight instruments that indicate the attitude of an aircraft or spacecraft with respect to a reference coordinate system throughout 360 degrees of rotation about each axis of the craft. GS gyroscopes . attitude gyros . . gyro horizons RT control moment gyroscopes sea keeping attitude indicators UF helicopter attitude indicators yawmeters GS flight instruments . attitude indicators . . gyro horizons measuring instruments . indicating instruments . . attitude indicators . . . gyro horizons navigation aids . navigation instruments . . attitude indicators . . . gyro horizons RT aircraft instruments control moment gyroscopes flight control attitude stability UF satellite attitude disturbance GS dynamic characteristics . dynamic stability . . motion stability . . . attitude stability . . . . directional stability . . . . . gyroscopic stability . . . . lateral stability . . . . longitudinal stability stability . dynamic stability . . motion stability . . . attitude stability . . . . directional stability . . . . . gyroscopic stability . . . . lateral stability . . . . longitudinal stability RT aerodynamic stability aircraft stability Discos (satellite attitude control) hovering stability low speed stability satellite attitude control spacecraft motion spacecraft stability tumbling motion attraction RT affinity field theory (physics) # force gravitational fields attractors (mathematics) (added June 1997) GS attractors (mathematics) . strange attractors RT asymptotic properties chaos dynamical systems nonlinear systems stochastic processes trajectories attributes USE properties attrition (materials) USE comminution audio data DEF Useful information at audio signal frequency. RT audio frequencies # data data transmission audio equipment GS audio equipment . earphones . loudspeakers . microphones RT audio visual equipment # equipment monaural signals audio frequencies SN (APPROXIMATELY 20 TO 20,000 HZ) DEF Frequencies corresponding to normally audible sound waves. GS frequencies . acoustic frequencies . . audio frequencies . . . quefrencies RT acoustic measurement audio data audio signals auditory perception cepstral analysis extremely low frequencies monaural signals noise pollution radio frequencies sound generators sound transmission sound waves very low frequencies voice audio signals DEF Signals with a bandwidth of less than 20 kilohertz. RT audio frequencies auditory signals signal processing signal transmission # signals audio tapes (added February 1992) RT acoustics audio visual material information magnetic tapes # tapes video tapes audio visual equipment (added September 1993) RT audio equipment display devices multimedia training devices video equipment visual aids audio visual material (added September 1993) RT audio tapes multimedia visual aids audiology RT audiometry auditory fatigue auditory perception hearing audiometry DEF The testing and measurement of hearing at various levels. RT acoustic measurement audiology auditory defects auditory fatigue auditory perception auditory stimuli hearing masking # measurement thresholds (perception) auditory defects UF deafness hearing loss GS defects . auditory defects RT audiometry bioacoustics disabilities losses auditory fatigue GS fatigue (biology) . auditory fatigue RT audiology audiometry hearing noise threshold auditory perception UF sound perception GS perception . sensory perception . . auditory perception RT acoustics audio frequencies audiology audiometry auditory sensation areas binaural hearing ear earphones monaural signals noise threshold psychoacoustics sensitivity sound localization sound waves speech thresholds (perception) Weber test auditory sensation areas DEF In acoustics, the frequency region enclosed by the curves defining the threshold of pain and the threshold of audibility. RT auditory perception auditory stimuli bioacoustics thresholds (perception) auditory signals UF chimes RT audio signals bells cues horns monaural signals psychoacoustics signal mixing # signals warning warning systems auditory stimuli GS stimulation . auditory stimuli RT acoustics audiometry auditory sensation areas noise (sound) noise intensity sound generators sound intensity # stimuli thresholds (perception) auditory tasks GS tasks . auditory tasks RT acoustics hearing noise (sound) aufeis (ice) DEF Icing of ground or river water in Arctic areas with continuous permafrost on which the water has continued to flow. RT ice melting permafrost rivers Auger effect DEF The nonradiative transition of an atom from an excited electronic energy state to a lower state with the emission of an electron. The term usually refers to the x ray region of energy states. The final state corresponds to one higher degree of ionization than does the initial state. The effect is an alternative process to the transition to a lower state having the same degree of ionization with the emission of an x ray photon, and thus is analogous to the internal conversion of a nuclear transmission. RT cosmic ray showers # effects electron transitions Langmuir turbulence Auger showers USE cosmic ray showers Auger spectroscopy GS spectroscopy . Auger spectroscopy RT chemical analysis electron transitions spectroscopic analysis thermites augmentation UF enhancement GS augmentation . stability augmentation . thrust augmentation RT increasing spatial filtering AUOS USE Automatic Universal Orbiting Stations Auriga constellation GS constellations . Auriga constellation RT Zeta Aurigae star Aurora 7 GS manned spacecraft . Mercury spacecraft . . Aurora 7 reentry vehicles . recoverable spacecraft . . Mercury spacecraft . . . Aurora 7 soft landing spacecraft . Mercury spacecraft . . Aurora 7 space capsules . Mercury spacecraft . . Aurora 7 RT Mercury MA-7 flight auroral absorption GS attenuation . atmospheric attenuation . . auroral absorption energy absorption . radiation absorption . . electromagnetic absorption . . . auroral absorption RT# absorption light emission riometers auroral activity USE auroras auroral arcs GS atmospheric radiation . auroras . . auroral arcs . . . red arcs RT# arcs auroral echoes GS echoes . auroral echoes RT radar echoes radio echoes auroral electrojets GS electric current . ionospheric currents . . electrojets . . . auroral electrojets electricity . atmospheric electricity . . ionospheric currents . . . electrojets . . . . auroral electrojets RT Birkeland currents equatorial electrojet telluric currents auroral ionization GS ionization . gas ionization . . atmospheric ionization . . . auroral ionization RT auroras excitation light emission photoionization red arcs auroral irradiation GS irradiation . auroral irradiation RT auroras electron irradiation excitation ion irradiation photoionization auroral spectroscopy GS spectroscopy . auroral spectroscopy RT channel multipliers Fabry-Perot spectrometers light emission optical emission spectroscopy spectroscopic analysis visible spectrum auroral temperature GS temperature . atmospheric temperature . . auroral temperature RT auroras ion temperature ionospheric temperature auroral zones DEF Roughly circular bands around either geomagnetic pole above which there is a maximum of auroral activity. The zones lie about 10 deg. to 15 deg. of geomagnetic latitude from the geomagnetic poles. GS regions . auroral zones RT auroras Birkeland currents IMAGE satellite magnetic poles Pedersen currents polar radio blackout polar regions auroras DEF Sporadic radiant emissions from the upper atmosphere over middle and high latitudes. Used for auroral activity and polar auroras. UF auroral activity polar auroras GS atmospheric radiation . auroras . . auroral arcs . . . red arcs . . radio auroras RT aeronomy airglow auroral ionization auroral irradiation auroral temperature auroral zones dawn chorus Earth atmosphere electron precipitation ESRO 4 satellite light emission magnetic disturbances night sky Polar/GGS spacecraft proton precipitation sky brightness solar activity x rays ausforming GS forming techniques . hot working . . ausforming metal working . ausforming RT forging # rolling austenite DEF A solid solution of carbon in gamma-iron. RT allotropy ferrites iron alloys martensite martensitic transformation microstructure steels austenitic stainless steels DEF Steels having at room temperature a microstructure consisting, at least predominantly, of austenite. Their austenitic microstructure is attained above all by alloying conditions, e.g., manganese and nickel. GS alloys . iron alloys . . steels . . . stainless steels . . . . austenitic stainless steels RT martensitic stainless steels time temperature parameter Austin comet (added May 1991) GS celestial bodies . comets . . Austin comet Australia GS continents . Australia nations . Australia RT Australian space program Papua New Guinea Tasmania Torres Strait Australian space program (added February 1989) GS programs . space programs . . Australian space program RT Australia australites GS celestial bodies . meteorites . . stony meteorites . . . tektites . . . . australites RT bediasites Austria GS nations . Austria RT Alps Mountains (Europe) Austrian space program Central Europe Europe Austrian space program (added October 1990) GS programs . space programs . . European space programs . . . Austrian space program RT Austria autocatalysis GS catalysis . autocatalysis RT abiogenesis catalytic activity reaction kinetics autoclaves RT autoclaving chemical reactors # containers pressure vessels autoclaving RT autoclaves curing heating leaching powder metallurgy autocoders GS languages . programming languages . . Assembly language . . . autocoders RT compilers computer programming computer systems programs machine oriented languages autocollimators USE collimators autocorrelation DEF In statistics, the simple linear internal correlation of members of a time series (ordered in time or other domains). GS correlation . autocorrelation RT cross correlation data correlation Fourier analysis periodic variations time series analysis autodynes GS circuits . autodynes oscillators . autodynes RT# detectors frequency control heterodyning signal analyzers signal detection signal detectors vacuum tube oscillators autogyros GS V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . autogyros . . . Avian 2/180 autogiro autoignition USE spontaneous combustion autoionization GS dissociation . autoionization ionization . autoionization RT atomic collisions many electron effects autokinesis GS perception . sensory perception . . proprioception . . . autokinesis . . visual perception . . . space perception . . . . autokinesis automata theory RT adaptive control artificial intelligence # automation bionics computers cybernetics depersonalization heuristic methods information theory machine learning model reference adaptive control robotics robots self adaptive control systems # theories Turing machines automated en route ATC DEF An air traffic control technology which allows computers to make decisions about conflict resolution, the generation of clearances, and their automatic transmission, with the operator standing by to take over in an emergency. GS ground based control . air traffic control . . automated en route ATC traffic control . air traffic control . . automated en route ATC RT aircraft guidance approach control automated pilot advisory system flight control ground-air-ground communication microwave landing systems automated guideway transit vehicles DEF A system of a large number of captive vehicles traveling at relatively close headways on an exclusive guideway controlled by a computer. Used for AGT. UF AGT GS surface vehicles . automated transit vehicles . . automated guideway transit vehicles RT automated mixed traffic vehicles conveyors passengers rail transportation rapid transit systems transportation urban transportation # vehicles automated mixed traffic vehicles DEF Low speed, surface vehicles automatically operated and controlled in a pedestrian environment by following a buried wire in the roadways sensing obstacles and stopping at predetermined spots for passenger exit and entry. Used for AMTV. UF AMTV GS research vehicles . automated mixed traffic vehicles surface vehicles . motor vehicles . . automated mixed traffic vehicles RT automated guideway transit vehicles passengers urban transportation # vehicles automated pilot advisory system DEF An airport advisory system and an air traffic advisory system designed to improve airport and air traffic advisories at high density uncontrolled airports. RT air traffic control automated en route ATC automatic traffic advisory and resolution # systems automated radar terminal system DEF Radar tracking system for use in a terminal area. Primary and secondary radar targets are detected and data for the two are correlated for transmission to a central computer. RT air traffic control radar equipment radar tracking # systems Automated Transfer Vehicle (added December 1995) RT Ariane 5 launch vehicle cargo spacecraft Columbus space station rendezvous guidance space logistics # vehicles automated transit vehicles GS surface vehicles . automated transit vehicles . . automated guideway transit vehicles RT conveyors electric motor vehicles passengers rail transportation rapid transit systems transportation urban transportation # vehicles automatic control DEF Control of devices and equipment, including aerospace vehicles by automatic means. Used for self regulating. UF self regulating GS automatic control . adaptive control . . active control . . model reference adaptive control . . self adaptive control systems . automatic flight control . . automatic landing control . automatic frequency control . automatic gain control . dynamic control . feedback control . . cascade control . feedforward control . numerical control . off-on control . optimal control . . H-2 control . . H-infinity control . . linear quadratic Gaussian control . . time optimal control . proportional control . sequential control RT aircraft control attitude control # automation combustion control # control control equipment control systems design controllers depersonalization directional control dynamic characteristics electric control electronic aircraft electronic control engine control environmental control flight control ground based control guidance (motion) helicopter control hydraulic control # instruments jet control landing instruments lateral control longitudinal control manual control measuring instruments missile control negative feedback optical control pneumatic control radio control real time operation recording instruments reentry guidance regulators relief valves remote control robotics rocket engine control sampled data systems satellite attitude control satellite control satellite guidance self absorption self alignment servocontrol servomechanisms servomotors spacecraft control spacecraft guidance speed control stability augmentation temperature control Terminal Configured Vehicle Program thermostats thrust vector control tracking problem transfer functions turbojet engine control automatic control valves GS control equipment . regulators . . automatic control valves . . . pressure regulators . . . relief valves valves . automatic control valves . . pressure regulators . . relief valves RT actuators # control dampers (valves) dynamic characteristics fluid amplifiers fluid switching elements gas valves hydraulic equipment pneumatic control servomechanisms solenoid valves temperature control automatic data processing USE data processing automatic flight control UF AFCS (control system) GS automatic control . automatic flight control . . automatic landing control flight control . automatic flight control . . automatic landing control RT aircraft control aircraft instruments autonomous navigation # control distance measuring equipment flight management systems highly maneuverable aircraft missile control navigation navigation aids radar navigation radio navigation solar compasses Terminal Configured Vehicle Program thrust vector control automatic frequency control DEF An arrangement whereby the frequency of an oscillator is automatically maintained within specified limits. Used for AFC (control). UF AFC (control) GS automatic control . automatic frequency control frequency control . automatic frequency control RT# control feedback control frequency modulation oscillators tuning automatic gain control DEF A process by which gain is automatically adjusted as a function of input or other specified parameter. Used for AGC (control). UF AGC (control) GS automatic control . automatic gain control RT antenna gain # control feedback control tuning automatic indexing USE indexing (information science) automatic landing control GS automatic control . automatic flight control . . automatic landing control flight control . automatic flight control . . automatic landing control RT airborne equipment aircraft equipment blind landing distance measuring equipment flight management systems instrument landing systems microwave landing systems Terminal Configured Vehicle Program automatic pattern recognition USE pattern recognition automatic picture transmission UF APT (picture transmission) GS telecommunication . communication . . facsimile communication . . . automatic picture transmission transmission . signal transmission . . data transmission . . . automatic picture transmission RT television transmission wave propagation automatic pilots DEF Equipment which automatically stabilizes the attitude of a vehicle about its pitch, roll, and yaw axes. Used for autopilots. UF autopilots GS aircraft instruments . automatic pilots flight instruments . automatic pilots RT aircraft equipment flight control gyroscopes highly maneuverable aircraft homing landing aids navigation aids pilot support systems # pilots radio altimeters solar compasses automatic repeat query USE automatic repeat request automatic repeat request (added August 1991) DEF A request from a receiving device to retransmit the most recent block of data. UF ARQ (communication) automatic repeat query automatic request for retransmission RT data transmission error correcting codes error signals message processing messages packet transmission telecommunication automatic request for retransmission USE automatic repeat request automatic rocket impact predictors USE computerized simulation impact prediction automatic test equipment RT# equipment measuring instruments self tests sneak circuit analysis # test equipment automatic traffic advisory and resolution SN (AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC ADVISORY AND RESOLUTION SERVICE) DEF Ground based collision avoidance system using the surveillance and data link capabilities of the discrete address beacon system (DABS). Used for ATARS. UF ATARS RT automated pilot advisory system collision avoidance ground based control navigation aids resolution # systems automatic typewriters UF Flexowriters (trademark) GS typewriters . automatic typewriters RT consoles display devices printers (data processing) punched tapes Automatic Universal Orbiting Stations (added September 1994) UF AUOS GS artificial satellites . space stations . . Automatic Universal Orbiting Stations stations . space stations . . Automatic Universal Orbiting Stations RT# platforms Russian Federation spacecraft environments U.S.S.R. space program automatic weather stations DEF Weather stations at which the services of observers are not required. They are usually equipped with telemetric apparatus. GS stations . weather stations . . automatic weather stations RT data acquisition data collection platforms instrument packages meteorological services ocean data acquisitions systems remote sensors weather data recorders # automation SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) UF instrumental analysis RT automata theory automatic control command and control computer vision computers control systems design controllers cybernetics data processing depersonalization fail-safe systems feedback control feedforward control information theory man machine systems materials handling mechanization numerical control office automation remote control robotics self erecting devices self repairing devices servomechanisms systems engineering tooling automobile accidents GS accidents . automobile accidents RT accident investigation accident prevention safety devices automobile engines RT external combustion engines internal combustion engines piston engines rotary engines Stirling engines turbine engines Wankel engines automobile fuels GS fuels . automobile fuels RT aircraft fuels antiknock additives diesel fuels gasoline hydrocarbon fuels internal combustion engines liquid fuels synthane automobiles UF jeeps GS surface vehicles . motor vehicles . . automobiles . . . electric automobiles RT air bag restraint devices antiskid devices chassis electric hybrid vehicles electric motor vehicles fuel systems hydrogen engines ignition systems lubrication systems # military vehicles trailers trucks # vehicles automorphisms GS algebra . group theory . . homomorphisms . . . automorphisms autonomic nervous system GS anatomy . nervous system . . autonomic nervous system . . . sympathetic nervous system RT involuntary actions # systems autonomous navigation GS navigation . autonomous navigation RT automatic flight control celestial navigation Deep Space 1 Mission navigation aids navigation instruments satellite navigation systems space navigation spacecraft guidance autonomous spacecraft clocks DEF Standard Time scale instruments aboard spacecraft with provisions for synchronization with existing satellite-based system (global positioning system, for example). GS measuring instruments . time measuring instruments . . clocks . . . autonomous spacecraft clocks RT atomic clocks Global Positioning System spacecraft instruments TDR satellites autonomy RT adaptive control command and control # commands # direction equations of motion management model reference adaptive control self adaptive control systems autopilots USE automatic pilots autopsies RT dissection pathology autoradiography DEF A technique that uses x ray film to visualize radioactivly labeled molecules or fragments of molecules used in analyzing the length and number of DNA fragements separated by gel electrophoresis. GS imagery . photography . . autoradiography . radiography . . autoradiography RT black and white photography autoregressive moving average (added October 1997) UF ARMA (mathematics) GS average . autoregressive moving average RT autoregressive processes estimating regression analysis stochastic processes time series analysis autoregressive processes RT autoregressive moving average factor analysis # processes regression analysis statistical analysis autorotation DEF A rotorcraft flight condition in which the lifting rotor is driven entirely by action of the air when the rotorcraft is in motion. UF windmilling GS gyration . rotation . . autorotation RT rotary wing aircraft rotochutes autotrophs DEF Organisms capable of synthesizing organic nutrients directly from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and inorganic nitrogen. GS autotrophs . hydrogenomonas RT heterotrophs autumn DEF The season of the year between summer and winter. Its beginning is marked by the autumnal equinox and its end by the winter solstice. GS seasons . autumn RT spring (season) summer winter auxiliary equipment (computers) USE peripheral equipment (computers) auxiliary power sources GS auxiliary power sources . chemical auxiliary power units . nuclear auxiliary power units . . SNAP . . . fission electric cells . . . . SNAP 2 . . . . SNAP 4 . . . . SNAP 8 . . . . SNAP 10A . . . SNAP 1 . . . SNAP 3 . . . SNAP 7 . . . SNAP 9A . . . SNAP 11 . . . SNAP 13 . . . SNAP 15 . . . SNAP 17 . . . SNAP 19 . . . SNAP 21 . . . SNAP 23 . . . SNAP 27 . . . SNAP 29 . . . SNAP 50 . . space power reactors . . . fission electric cells . . . . SNAP 2 . . . . SNAP 4 . . . . SNAP 8 . . . . SNAP 10A . . . SNAP 50 . . . space power unit reactors . solar auxiliary power units . . ASTEC solar turboelectric generator RT aircraft power supplies direct power generators electric batteries electric generators # electric power electric power supplies # energy sources ground support equipment # power supplies spacecraft power supplies voltage converters (AC to AC) voltage converters (DC to DC) auxiliary propulsion GS propulsion . auxiliary propulsion RT aeronautical engineering # astronautics engines hydrogen oxygen engines Marquardt R4D engine missiles propellants propulsion system configurations rocket propellants space flight space shuttles space station propulsion # spacecraft thrust AV-8A aircraft USE Harrier aircraft AV-8B aircraft USE Harrier aircraft availability GS availability . bioavailability RT abundance energy policy reserves resources avalanche diodes DEF A solid state device that takes advantage of avalanche multiplication of the photocurrent. UF IMPATT diodes TRAPATT diodes Zener diodes GS electronic equipment . diodes . . semiconductor diodes . . . avalanche diodes . . . . cryosar . solid state devices . . semiconductor devices . . . avalanche diodes . . . . cryosar rectifiers . avalanche diodes . . cryosar RT Barritt diodes ion implantation negative conductance TRAPATT devices voltage regulators avalanches GS avalanches . electron avalanche . Townsend avalanche RT Earth movements electric discharges ion production rates ionizing radiation AVCS USE Advanced Vidicon Camera System (AVCS) average GS average . autoregressive moving average . mean RT distribution moments median (statistics) mode (statistics) normality norms quality control Reynolds averaging AVHRR USE Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Avian 2/180 autogiro GS research vehicles . research aircraft . . Avian 2/180 autogiro V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . autogyros . . . Avian 2/180 autogiro aviation USE aeronautics aviation meteorology DEF Weather conditions and meteorological studies pertaining to aeronautics. GS meteorology . aviation meteorology RT aircraft accident investigation aircraft accidents aircraft hazards aircraft icing atmospheric turbulence civil aviation clear air turbulence downbursts flight conditions flight hazards flight safety fog meteorological parameters meteorological services microbursts (meteorology) # military aviation nowcasting numerical weather forecasting runway conditions wind shear aviation psychology GS medical science . aerospace medicine . . aviation psychology psychology . aviation psychology RT aircraft pilots military psychology pilot training psychological effects psychological factors space psychology aviators USE aircraft pilots avionics DEF The use of electronics in all its forms in airborne or aerospace vehicles. RT# aeronautics airborne equipment aircraft communication aircraft equipment aircraft instruments astrionics # astronautics # control # electronics flat panel displays flight management systems guidance (motion) head-up displays modularity pilot support systems self tests single event upsets systems integration # test equipment video landmark acquisition and tracking avoidance GS avoidance . collision avoidance . . Beacon Collision Avoidance System . vortex avoidance RT accident prevention hazards traffic traffic control warning systems AVRO 698 aircraft USE Vulcan aircraft AVRO 707 aircraft GS Hawker Siddeley aircraft . AVRO 707 aircraft jet aircraft . AVRO 707 aircraft monoplanes . AVRO 707 aircraft research vehicles . research aircraft . . AVRO 707 aircraft tailless aircraft . AVRO 707 aircraft RT# aircraft delta wings Vulcan aircraft AVRO Whitworth HS-748 aircraft USE HS-748 aircraft AWACS aircraft UF Airborne Warning and Control System GS AWACS aircraft . E-2 aircraft . E-3A aircraft . E-4A aircraft RT# aircraft Boeing aircraft command and control early warning systems Grumman aircraft # military aircraft military technology awards SN (EXCLUDES CONTACTS & GRANTS) DEF Distinctions that are bestowed upon a person or persons due to their special contributions to a field. RT astronauts biography engineers scientists AXAF USE X Ray Astrophysics Facility axes (coordinates) USE coordinates axes (reference lines) GS axes (reference lines) . axes of rotation . . Earth axis RT coordinates axes of rotation GS axes (reference lines) . axes of rotation . . Earth axis RT bodies of revolution rotating bodies rotation shafts (machine elements) symmetrical bodies axial compression loads GS loads (forces) . axial loads . . axial compression loads . compression loads . . axial compression loads RT aerodynamic loads compressing dynamic loads shock loads static loads structural design criteria thrust loads axial compressors USE turbocompressors axial flow GS fluid flow . axial flow RT annular flow axisymmetric flow coaxial flow coaxial nozzles counterflow discharge coefficient flow geometry one dimensional flow radial flow three dimensional flow two dimensional flow axial flow compressors USE turbocompressors axial flow pumps GS pumps . axial flow pumps . . turbine pumps RT centrifugal pumps fuel pumps axial flow turbines GS turbomachinery . turbines . . axial flow turbines RT gas turbine engines gas turbines steam turbines axial loads GS loads (forces) . axial loads . . axial compression loads RT aerodynamic loads compression loads dynamic loads static loads structural design criteria thrust loads axial modes DEF Regimes of vibration along a given axis. GS modes . axial modes RT combustion stability laser modes propellant combustion rocket engines axial strain DEF Linear strain in a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the specimen. Used for axisymmetric deformation and uniaxial strain. UF axisymmetric deformation uniaxial strain GS deformation . axial strain RT elastic deformation Euler-Bernoulli beams stress-strain diagrams structural strain axial stress GS stresses . axial stress RT tensile stress axioms UF postulates GS mathematical logic . axioms RT knowledge # logic # mathematics axisymmetric bodies GS symmetrical bodies . axisymmetric bodies . . power law bodies RT blunt bodies # bodies bodies of revolution conical bodies ducted bodies lenticular bodies missile bodies slender bodies slender cones streamlined bodies axisymmetric deformation USE axial strain axisymmetric flow GS fluid flow . axisymmetric flow . . annular flow . . Karman-Bodewadt flow RT axial flow coaxial flow conical flow Couette flow Crocco method cylindrical waves flow geometry helical flow three dimensional boundary layer axisymmetry USE symmetry axles USE shafts (machine elements) axons GS cells (biology) . neurons . . axons RT neurotransmitters azeotropes RT binary mixtures mixtures solutions Azerbaijan (added August 1993) GS nations . Azerbaijan RT Asia Europe azides (inorganic) GS nitrogen compounds . azides (inorganic) . . hydrogen azides . . sodium azides azides (organic) GS nitrogen compounds . azides (organic) . . sodium azides . . triaminoguanidinium azide RT explosives azimuth DEF Horizontal direction or bearing. Used for solar azimuth. UF solar azimuth RT altitude angles (geometry) astronomical coordinates bearing (direction) celestial reference systems # direction elevation angle look angles (tracking) navigation # orientation position (location) azines GS organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . azines . . . . cyanurates . . . . cyanuric acid . . . . meclizine . . . . methylene blue . . . . phenothiazines pyrazines . azines . . cyanurates . . cyanuric acid . . meclizine . . methylene blue . . phenothiazines RT dyes azo compounds GS nitrogen compounds . azo compounds . . HMX . . RDX RT# chemical compounds dyes azoles DEF Compounds that contain a five-membered heterocylic ring containing one or more nitrogen atoms. GS organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . azoles . . . . acetazolamide . . . . oxazole . . . . pyrroles . . . . . carbazoles . . . . . indoles . . . . . . tryptophan Azores (added July 1991) GS landforms . islands . . Azores nations . Portugal . . Azores RT Atlantic Ocean Azotobacter GS microorganisms . bacteria . . Azotobacter azulene GS organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . azulene terpenes . azulene Azur satellite GS artificial satellites . scientific satellites . . Azur satellite RT European space programs international cooperation West Germany B stars UF helium stars GS celestial bodies . stars . . early stars . . . hot stars . . . . B stars . . . . . shell stars . . . . . Sigma Orionis RT blue stars Herbig-Haro objects limb brightening limb darkening peculiar stars stellar composition Wolf-Rayet stars B-1 aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . B-1 aircraft jet aircraft . B-1 aircraft North American aircraft . B-1 aircraft RT# aircraft bombing equipment bombs (ordnance) combat # military aircraft multiengine vehicles warfare # winged vehicles B-2 aircraft (added September 1992) UF stealth bomber GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . B-2 aircraft jet aircraft . B-2 aircraft RT# aircraft # military aircraft stealth technology X-36 aircraft B-26 aircraft UF Invader aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . B-26 aircraft Martin aircraft . B-26 aircraft monoplanes . B-26 aircraft RT# aircraft B-47 aircraft UF RB-47 aircraft Stratojet aircraft XB-47 aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . B-47 aircraft Boeing aircraft . B-47 aircraft jet aircraft . B-47 aircraft monoplanes . B-47 aircraft RT# aircraft B-50 aircraft UF RB-50 aircraft superfortress aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . B-50 aircraft Boeing aircraft . B-50 aircraft monoplanes . B-50 aircraft RT# aircraft B-52 aircraft UF Stratofortress aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . B-52 aircraft Boeing aircraft . B-52 aircraft jet aircraft . B-52 aircraft monoplanes . B-52 aircraft RT# aircraft Pegasus air-launched booster turbofan engines B-57 aircraft UF Canberra bomber RB-57 aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . B-57 aircraft jet aircraft . B-57 aircraft Martin aircraft . B-57 aircraft monoplanes . B-57 aircraft RT# aircraft Canberra aircraft B-58 aircraft UF Hustler aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . B-58 aircraft General Dynamics aircraft . B-58 aircraft jet aircraft . B-58 aircraft monoplanes . B-58 aircraft supersonic aircraft . B-58 aircraft tailless aircraft . B-58 aircraft RT# aircraft B-66 aircraft UF Destroyer aircraft RB-66 aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . B-66 aircraft jet aircraft . B-66 aircraft McDonnell Douglas aircraft . Douglas aircraft . . B-66 aircraft monoplanes . B-66 aircraft RT# aircraft B-70 aircraft UF Valkyrie aircraft XB-70 aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . B-70 aircraft jet aircraft . B-70 aircraft monoplanes . B-70 aircraft North American aircraft . B-70 aircraft research vehicles . research aircraft . . B-70 aircraft supersonic aircraft . B-70 aircraft RT# aircraft B-103 aircraft USE Buccaneer aircraft babbitt metal DEF Any of the white alloys composed primarily of tin or lead and of lesser amounts of antimony, copper, and other metals, and used for bearings. GS alloys . antimony alloys . . babbitt metal . copper alloys . . babbitt metal . tin alloys . . babbitt metal RT bearing alloys baboons GS animals . vertebrates . . mammals . . . primates . . . . baboons BAC 111 aircraft GS BAC aircraft . BAC 111 aircraft jet aircraft . turbofan aircraft . . BAC 111 aircraft monoplanes . BAC 111 aircraft passenger aircraft . BAC 111 aircraft transport aircraft . BAC 111 aircraft RT# aircraft BAC aircraft UF British Aircraft Corp aircraft GS BAC aircraft . BAC 111 aircraft . Canberra aircraft . H-126 aircraft . jet provost aircraft . Scimitar aircraft . TSR-2 aircraft . Valiant aircraft . VC-10 aircraft . Viscount aircraft RT# aircraft BAC TSR 2 aircraft USE TSR-2 aircraft Bacillus SN (RESTRICTED TO MEMBERS OF THE GENUS BACILLUS; DOES NOT INCLUDE GENERAL MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONS) GS microorganisms . bacteria . . Bacillus . . . stearothermophilus back injuries GS injuries . back injuries RT whiplash injuries backfire RT combustion deflagration explosions fires flame deflectors flame propagation flashback backfire antennas DEF Antennas consisting of radiating feeds, reflector elements, and reflecting surfaces such that the antennas function as open resonators, with radiation from the open end of the resonator. GS antennas . backfire antennas RT antenna radiation patterns dipole antennas endfire arrays microwave antennas radio antennas background noise DEF In recording and reproducing, the total system noise independent of whether or not a signal is present. The signal is not to be included as part of the noise. In receivers, the noise in the absence of signal modulation on the carrier. RT channel noise cosmic noise elastic waves electromagnetic noise ionospheric noise # noise noise (sound) noise measurement noise spectra noise threshold # radiation random noise # rays signal to noise ratios squelch circuits background radiation RT anticoincidence detectors big bang cosmology continuous radiation corpuscular radiation Cosmic Background Explorer satellite cosmic noise electromagnetic noise extraterrestrial radiation high altitude tests ionospheric noise # radiation relic radiation sky radiation backings USE backups backlobes DEF Radiation lobes whose axes make angles of approximately 180 degrees with respect to the axes of the major lobes of the antennas. By extension radiation lobes in the half-space opposed to the direction of peak activity. RT antenna design antenna radiation patterns directional antennas # lobes backpropagation (artificial intelligence) (added December 2001) DEF A learning algorithm which minimizes the error function of perceptron neural nets by comparing the actual and desired outputs and adjusting the weights of each neuron layer. GS mathematical logic . algorithms . . backpropagation (artificial intelligence) RT artificial intelligence computer techniques error analysis least squares method machine learning neural nets optimization backscattering DEF Scattering of radiation in a direction having a component opposite its original direction of propagation. GS scattering . backscattering RT differential absorption lidar forward scattering laser plasma interactions microwave signatures nuclear scattering scatter propagation backshores USE beaches backups DEF Items kept available to replace items which fail to perform satisfactorily. Items under development intended to perform the same general functions another item also under development performs. Used for backings. UF backings RT redundant components reserves welding backward differencing DEF A method of solving a parabolic problem for approximating a time derivative in terms of a previous time step. RT differential equations numerical stability problem solving backward facing steps DEF A step structure which faces an oncoming flow. Used for rearward facing steps. UF rearward facing steps RT boundary layer flow flow geometry fluid boundaries forward facing steps reattached flow recirculative fluid flow stairsteps # steps backward wave tubes GS electron tubes . vacuum tubes . . microwave tubes . . . traveling wave tubes . . . . backward wave tubes . . . . . helitrons microwave equipment . microwave tubes . . traveling wave tubes . . . backward wave tubes . . . . helitrons RT beam currents electron transfer microwave oscillators backward waves DEF In traveling wave tubes, waves whose group velocity is opposite to the direction of electron-stream motion. RT elastic waves electromagnetic radiation solitary waves transmission lines traveling wave tubes traveling waves backwash SN (EXCLUDES PROCESSES OF BACKWASHING) UF sidewash RT boundary layer stability downwash slipstreams Strouhal number turbulence wakes bacteria GS microorganisms . bacteria . . actinomycetes . . archaebacteria . . Azotobacter . . Bacillus . . . stearothermophilus . . Clostridium . . . Clostridium botulinum . . Escherichia . . hydrogenomonas . . Klebsiella . . nitrobacter . . pseudomonas . . salmonella . . sarcina . . serratia . . staphylococcus . . streptococcus . . streptomycetes RT aerobes anaerobes bacteriology biofilms biological weapons blight colonies eukaryotes gnotobiotics invertebrates panspermia pathogens prokaryotes saprophytes waste treatment bacterial diseases SN (EXCLUDES PLANT DISEASES) GS diseases . infectious diseases . . bacterial diseases . . . cholera . . . diphtheria . . . keratitis . . . syphilis . . . tuberculosis . . . typhoid . . . typhus RT Clostridium conjunctivitis dermatitis encephalitis meningitis nephritis pneumonia bactericides DEF Agents that destroy microorganisms. Also known as germicides. Used for germicides. UF germicides RT antiinfectives and antibacterials antiseptics chemical sterilization ethylene oxide fumigation sterilization bacteriology GS microbiology . bacteriology RT archaebacteria bacteria biochemistry # biology Clostridium botulinum colonies endotoxins gnotobiotics vaccines bacteriophages GS microorganisms . viruses . . bacteriophages RT interferon badlands DEF Intricately stream-dissected topography, characterized by a very fine drainage network with high drainage densities (77 to 747 miles per square mile) and short steep slopes with narrow interflues. Badlands develop on the surface with little or no vegetative cover, overlying unconsolidated or poorly cemented clays or silts, sometimes with soluble minerals such as gypsum or halite. They may also be induced in humid areas by removal of the vegetative cover through overgrazing, or by air pollution from sulfide smelting. The term was first applied to an area in western South Dakota, which was called "mauvaises terres" by the early French fur traders. GS land . badlands RT barren land topography baffles DEF Plates that regulate the flow of a fluid, e.g., a heat exchanger, boiler flue, or automotive muffler. RT attenuators # barriers blast deflectors conical flow damping deflectors # diffusers diverters dividers ducts flame deflectors liquid sloshing louvers mixers mufflers panels reflectors shielding suppressors baggage GS cargo . baggage RT air cargo bags ground handling bags GS bags . air bag restraint devices . gas bags RT baggage # containers packages Bahamas GS landforms . islands . . West Indies . . . Bahamas nations . Bahamas RT Caribbean region Bahrain GS landforms . islands . . Bahrain nations . Bahrain bailout RT air drop operations ejection ejection injuries ejection seats ejection training escape (abandonment) escape systems flying ejection seats jettison systems jettisoning parachute descent parafoils bainite DEF Metastable microstructure or microstructures resulting from the transformation of austenite at termperatures between those which produce pearlite and martensite. RT bainitic steel iron alloys microstructure steels bainitic steel GS alloys . iron alloys . . steels . . . bainitic steel RT bainite Baja California USE Lower California (Mexico) bajadas USE fans (landforms) Bakelite (trademark) RT ceramics resins thermosetting resins bakeout USE degassing Baker-Nunn camera GS optical equipment . cameras . . Baker-Nunn camera photographic equipment . cameras . . Baker-Nunn camera RT astronomical photography Schmidt cameras baking SN (EXCLUDES FOOD PROCESSING) GS heating . baking RT casting degassing drying heat treatment ovens roasting sterilization balance GS balance . aerodynamic balance . heat balance . material balance . . water balance RT compensators # equilibrium # mass balance mass distribution weight indicators balance equations USE equations balanced amplifiers USE push-pull amplifiers balancing RT eccentricity # equilibrium flywheels man machine systems stabilization Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model (added May 1997) GS models . mathematical models . . turbulence models . . . Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model RT computational fluid dynamics eddy viscosity flow equations turbulent boundary layer turbulent flow ball bearings GS bearings . antifriction bearings . . ball bearings RT balls elastohydrodynamics needle bearings roller bearings thrust bearings ball lightning DEF A relatively rare form of lightning, consisting of a reddish, luminous ball, of the order of one foot in diameter, which may move rapidly along solid objects or remain floating in midair. Hissing noises emanate from such balls, and they sometimes explode noisily but may also appear noiselessly. GS electric current . electric discharges . . lightning . . . ball lightning RT atmospheric electricity # ballast SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT ballast (mass) ballasts (impedances) ballast (mass) RT aerodynamic stability # ballast buoyancy counterbalances floating floats hydrodynamics loads (forces) mass distribution stability static loads ballasts (impedances) DEF Devices that by means of inductance, capacatance, or resistance, singly or in combination, limit the lamp current of fluorescent or mercury lamps to the required value for proper operation, and where necessary provide the required starting voltage and current amd. in ballasts for rapid-start lamps provide low-voltage cathode heating. RT# ballast capacitors inductors luminaires resistors transformers ballistic cameras DEF Ground-based cameras using multiple exposures on the same plate to record the trajectories of rockets. GS optical equipment . cameras . . ballistic cameras photographic equipment . cameras . . ballistic cameras RT ground support equipment high speed cameras optical tracking rangefinding stroboscopes trajectory measurement ballistic missile decoys GS countermeasures . ballistic missile decoys decoys . ballistic missile decoys RT missile defense reentry decoys Ballistic Missile Early Warning System UF BMEWS GS warning systems . early warning systems . . Ballistic Missile Early Warning System RT air defense military technology radar tracking # systems ballistic missile submarines GS water vehicles . ships . . submarines . . . ballistic missile submarines . underwater vehicles . . submarines . . . ballistic missile submarines RT fleet ballistic missiles missile launchers mobile missile launchers navy Poseidon missiles sea launching ballistic missiles SN (GUIDED ONLY DURING INITIAL POWERED PHASE) DEF Missiles designed to operate primarily in accordance with the laws of ballistics. GS missiles . ballistic missiles . . field army ballistic missiles . . intercontinental ballistic missiles . . . Atlas ICBM . . . . Atlas D ICBM . . . . Atlas E ICBM . . . . Atlas F ICBM . . . Minuteman ICBM . . . MX missile . . . Titan ICBM . . . . Titan 1 ICBM . . . . Titan 2 ICBM . . intermediate range ballistic missiles . . . Blue Streak missile . . . Jupiter missile . . . polaris missiles . . . . Polaris A1 missile . . . . Polaris A2 missile . . . . Polaris A3 missile . . Pershing missile . . Poseidon missiles . . short range ballistic missiles . . Skybolt missile . . Subroc missile . . V-2 missile RT antimissile missiles Safeguard system surface to surface missiles ballistic ranges GS ranges (facilities) . test ranges . . ballistic ranges test facilities . test ranges . . ballistic ranges RT downrange hydroballistics missile ranges ballistic trajectories DEF Trajectories followed by a body being acted upon only by gravitational forces and the resistance of the medium through which it passes. GS trajectories . ballistic trajectories RT ascent trajectories ballistics coasting flight descent trajectories downrange free fall impact prediction midcourse trajectories missile trajectories parabolic flight # ballistic vehicles SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) UF nonlifting vehicles RT reentry vehicles rocket vehicles test vehicles # vehicles weapons ballistics DEF The science that deals with the motion, behavior and effects of projectiles, especially bullets, aerial bombs, rockets or the like; the science or art of designing and hurling projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance. GS ballistics . hydroballistics . interior ballistics . terminal ballistics RT aerodynamic drag ballistic trajectories gas guns howitzers hypervelocity guns ordnance projectiles propellants trajectories trajectory analysis trajectory measurement ballistocardiography GS bioengineering . biometrics . . cardiography . . . ballistocardiography RT electrocardiography phonocardiography seismocardiography balloon flight RT# flight meteorological flight vertical flight balloon sounding GS sounding . balloon sounding RT atmospheric sounding in situ measurement radiosondes superpressure balloons balloon-borne instruments GS measuring instruments . balloon-borne instruments RT airborne equipment balloons high altitude balloons meteorological instruments radiosondes telescopes ballooning modes GS modes . ballooning modes RT magnetohydrodynamic stability plasma control plasma equilibrium tearing modes (plasmas) balloons GS expandable structures . inflatable structures . . balloons . . . high altitude balloons . . . . jimsphere balloons . . . skyhook balloons . . . . superpressure balloons . . . meteorological balloons . . . . jimsphere balloons . . . ROBIN balloons . . . microballoons . . . tethered balloons RT# aircraft airships ascent balloon-borne instruments ballutes folding structures gas bags gondolas observation aircraft pilotless aircraft stratoscope telescopes balls RT ball bearings falling spheres joints (junctions) spheres valves ballutes GS brakes (for arresting motion) . aerodynamic brakes . . ballutes drag devices . aerodynamic brakes . . ballutes expandable structures . inflatable structures . . ballutes RT air drop operations aircraft brakes balloons drag chutes folding structures parachutes Balmer series GS spectra . radiation spectra . . electromagnetic spectra . . . line spectra . . . . Balmer series RT absorption spectra atomic spectra electron transitions emission spectra H beta line H gamma line H lines hydrogen balsa RT trees (plants) wood Baltic sea GS seas . Baltic sea RT Estonia Latvia Baltic Shield (Europe) GS rocks . bedrock . . Baltic Shield (Europe) RT Earth resources Europe Precambrian period Banach space GS algebra . vector spaces . . Banach space . . . Hilbert space . . . . Sobolev space analysis (mathematics) . function space . . Banach space . . . Hilbert space . . . . Sobolev space . functional analysis . . Banach space . . . Hilbert space . . . . Sobolev space RT harmonic analysis metric space band ratioing GS image processing . band ratioing RT image enhancement multispectral band scanners remote sensing spectral bands band structure of solids RT Brillouin zones conduction bands electron transitions electronic structure energy gaps (solid state) forbidden bands heterojunction devices quantum wells bandgap USE energy gaps (solid state) bandpass filters DEF Wave filters having a single transmission band; neither of the cut-off frequencies being zero or infinity. GS electromagnetic wave filters . bandpass filters . . crystal filters . . tracking filters RT adaptive filters bandstop filters bandwidth electric filters # filters FIR filters microwave filters optical filters ultraviolet filters vocoders # bands SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT absorption spectra anchors (fasteners) bandwidth Bloch band broadband clamps clips conduction bands edge dislocations energy bands fasteners forbidden bands frequencies Herzberg bands holders low frequencies narrowband photoluminescent bands plastic deformation ring structures Schumann-Runge bands sidebands spectral bands straps Swan bands Vegard-Kaplan bands bandstop filters DEF Filters that block signals of a specific frequency or a band of frequencies. GS electromagnetic wave filters . electric filters . . bandstop filters RT adaptive filters bandpass filters bandwidth crystal filters # filters high pass filters low pass filters microwave filters optical filters tracking filters waveguide filters bandwidth GS bandwidth . broadband . narrowband . spectral line width RT bandpass filters # bands bandstop filters broadband amplifiers channel capacity dynamic characteristics frequencies frequency ranges impedance laser windows resonant frequencies speech baseband compression tracking filters transfer functions width windows (intervals) bang-bang control USE off-on control Bangladesh UF East Pakistan GS nations . Bangladesh RT Asia India Pakistan banking flight USE turning flight Barany chair DEF A kind of chair in which a person is revolved to test his susceptibility to vertigo. It is named after the Swedish physician Robert Barany who lived from 1876 to 1936. GS seats . Barany chair RT rotating environments tolerances (physiology) vertigo Barbados GS landforms . islands . . West Indies . . . Barbados nations . Barbados RT Caribbean region barchans USE dunes Bardeen approximation USE barrier layers electrical properties surface properties Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory USE BCS theory Barents Sea GS seas . Barents Sea RT Arctic Ocean U.S.S.R. barite GS minerals . barite sulfur compounds . sulfates . . barite barium GS chemical elements . barium . . barium isotopes metals . barium . . barium isotopes barium alloys GS alloys . barium alloys barium compounds GS barium compounds . barium ferrates . barium fluorides . barium oxides . barium sulfides . barium titanates . barium zirconates RT# alkaline earth compounds # chemical compounds # metal compounds barium ferrates GS barium compounds . barium ferrates iron compounds . ferrates . . barium ferrates barium fluorides GS barium compounds . barium fluorides halogen compounds . fluorine compounds . . fluorides . . . barium fluorides . halides . . fluorides . . . barium fluorides . . metal halides . . . barium fluorides barium ion clouds GS clouds (meteorology) . artificial clouds . . chemical clouds . . . barium ion clouds RT Earth magnetosphere electric fields geomagnetism lines of force metal ions rocket sounding thermites barium isotopes GS chemical elements . alkaline earth metals . . barium isotopes . barium . . barium isotopes . nuclides . . isotopes . . . barium isotopes metals . alkaline earth metals . . barium isotopes . barium . . barium isotopes barium oxides GS barium compounds . barium oxides chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . alkaline earth oxides . . . . barium oxides RT high temperature superconductors YBCO superconductors barium sulfides GS barium compounds . barium sulfides chalcogenides . sulfides . . inorganic sulfides . . . barium sulfides sulfur compounds . sulfides . . inorganic sulfides . . . barium sulfides barium titanates GS barium compounds . barium titanates titanium compounds . titanates . . barium titanates RT dielectrics ferroelectric materials barium zirconates GS barium compounds . barium zirconates zirconium compounds . zirconates . . barium zirconates Barkhausen effect RT# effects electromagnetic measurement electromagnetism oscillographs barley GS farm crops . grains (food) . . barley plants (botany) . barley RT agriculture blight botany crop growth crop vigor # crops # food irrigation seeds baroclinic instability DEF Hydrodynamic instability arising from the existence of a meridional temperature gradient (and hence a thermal wind) in an atmosphere in quasigeostrophic equilibrium and possessing static stability. GS stability . baroclinic instability RT atmospheric circulation atmospheric models baroclinic waves baroclinity flow stability geostrophic wind meteorology zonal flow (meteorology) baroclinic waves GS elastic waves . capillary waves . . gravity waves . . . baroclinic waves surface waves . capillary waves . . gravity waves . . . baroclinic waves RT baroclinic instability baroclinity barotropic flow cyclones density distribution geostrophic wind radiation pressure stratified flow wave amplification # waves zonal flow (meteorology) baroclinity DEF The state of stratification in a fluid in which surfaces of constant pressure (isobaric) intersect surfaces of constant density (isoteric). The number, per unit area, of isobaric-isoteric solenoids intersecting a given surface is a measure of baroclinity. RT baroclinic instability baroclinic waves barotropic flow barotropism # isobars meteorological solenoids stratified flow barometers DEF Instruments used to measure atmospheric pressure. GS measuring instruments . meteorological instruments . . barometers . pressure gages . . barometers RT altimeters hypsometers manometers pressure measurement vacuum gages barometric pressure USE atmospheric pressure baroreceptor reflexes USE baroreflexes baroreceptors DEF Receptors in the vascular system, particularly the aorta and carotid sinus, which are sensitive to stretch of the vessel walls. UF pressoreceptors GS anatomy . sense organs . . baroreceptors receptors (physiology) . baroreceptors RT baroreflexes pressure proprioceptors baroreflexes (added March 2001) DEF A negative feedback system that buffers short-term changes in blood pressure. Increased pressure stretches blood vessels, which activates pressoreceptors (baroreceptors) in the vessel walls. The central nervous system's net response is a reduction of central sympathetic outflow. This reduces blood pressure by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance and by lowering cardiac output. Because the baroreceptors are tonically active, the baroreflex can compensate rapidly for both increases and decreases in blood pressure. UF baroreceptor reflexes pressoreceptor reflexes GS reflexes . baroreflexes . . carotid sinus reflex RT baroreceptors blood pressure cardiovascular system heart rate hemodynamic responses physiological responses barotrauma GS injuries . barotrauma RT decompression sickness diving (underwater) barotropic flow GS fluid flow . barotropic flow RT air currents air flow baroclinic waves baroclinity barotropism flow characteristics lee waves planetary waves Rayleigh waves Rossby regimes sea breeze viscous flow wind (meteorology) wind shear barotropism DEF The state of a fluid in which surfaces of constant density (or temperature) are coincident with surfaces of constant pressure; it is the state of zero baroclinity. GS barotropism . planetary waves RT baroclinity barotropic flow # isobars # barrages SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT artillery fire dams barred galaxies DEF Spiral galaxies whose nuclei are in the shape of bars at the ends of which the spiral arms begin. About one fifth of all spiral galaxies are barred spirals. GS celestial bodies . galaxies . . spiral galaxies . . . barred galaxies RT disk galaxies galactic structure Hubble diagram local group (astronomy) star clusters star distribution stars Virgo galactic cluster # barrels SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT barrels (containers) # drums gun launchers barrels (containers) UF casks RT# barrels # containers drums (containers) barren land DEF Rugged or unproductive lands devoid of significant vegetation compared to adjacent areas because of environmental factors such as adverse climate, poor soil, o, or winds, Used for barrens. UF barrens GS land . barren land RT arid lands badlands desertification deserts land use Sahara Desert (Africa) sites soils topography barrens USE barren land barricades USE barriers barrier injection transit time diodes USE Barritt diodes barrier layers UF Bardeen approximation RT# barriers Barritt diodes interlayers JFET joints (junctions) junction diodes junction transistors # layers MBM junctions nonohmic effect resonant tunneling seals (stoppers) semiconductor devices SIS (semiconductors) surface layers tunnel junctions waterproofing Zener effect # barriers SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF Any materials limiting passage through itself of solids, liquids, semisolids, gases, or forms of energy such as ultraviolet light. Used for barricades and obstacles. UF barricades obstacles RT abort apparatus acoustic velocity arresting gear baffles barrier layers barriers (landforms) Barritt diodes blood-brain barrier bulkheads chains closures constrictions curtains dams dividers electrode film barriers enclosures fences (barriers) gates (openings) guards (shields) MBM junctions safety devices Schottky diodes seals (stoppers) shielding thermal barriers (plasma control) vapor barrier clothing walls wind (meteorology) windows (apertures) barriers (landforms) DEF Elongated offshore ridges or masses, usually of sand, rising above the high-tide level, generally extending parallel to, and at some distance from, the shore, and separated from it by some kind of coastal bay. It is built up by the action of waves and currents. GS landforms . barriers (landforms) . . Outer Banks (NC) . . reefs RT# barriers bars (landforms) island arcs Barritt diodes DEF Barrier injection transit time diodes that operate similarly to IMPATT diodes. The operating frequencies are determined by the transit times across the drift. Used for barrier injection transit time diodes. UF barrier injection transit time diodes GS electronic equipment . diodes . . semiconductor diodes . . . Barritt diodes . solid state devices . . semiconductor devices . . . Barritt diodes RT avalanche diodes barrier layers # barriers carrier injection cryosar electric potential injection junction diodes microwave oscillators rectifiers Schottky diodes semiconductor junctions shot noise transit time bars GS bars . elastic bars . prismatic bars RT metal plates rods structural members bars (landforms) DEF A generic term for any of various elongate offshore ridges, banks, or mounds of sand, gravel, or other unconsolidated material, submerged at least at high tides, and built up by the action of waves or currents on the water bottom, especially at the mouth of a river or estuary, or at a slight distance from the beach. Bars commonly form obstructions to water navigation. UF tombolos GS landforms . bars (landforms) RT barriers (landforms) beaches coastal plains lagoons littoral drift reefs barycenter USE center of gravity baryon resonance DEF An anomaly found in scattering cross sections indicating the existence of an unstable, excited state of baryon. GS resonance . baryon resonance RT baryons hyperons scattering cross sections baryons GS particles . elementary particles . . fermions . . . baryons . . . . hyperons . . . . . xi hyperons . . . . omega-mesons . . . . rho-mesons . . . . sigma-mesons . . hadrons . . . baryons . . . . hyperons . . . . . xi hyperons . . . . omega-mesons . . . . rho-mesons . . . . sigma-mesons RT baryon resonance cold neutrons dark matter eta-mesons fast neutrons gravitinos kaons meson resonance mesons muons neutrons nucleons photoneutrons pions protons recoil protons solar protons thermal neutrons basalt GS rocks . igneous rocks . . basalt RT cones (volcanoes) lunar maria Mars volcanoes regolith soils volcanoes volcanology base flow DEF Fluid flow at the base or extreme aft end of a body. GS fluid flow . base flow RT head flow wakes base heating GS heating . base heating RT afterbodies convection exhaust nozzles jet exhaust jet impingement # radiation rocket exhaust base pressure DEF In aerodynamics, the pressure exerted on the base, or extreme aft end, of a body, as of a cylindrical or boattailed body or of a blunt-trailing-edge wing, in a fluid flow. GS pressure . base pressure RT aerodynamic drag basements RT buildings floors foundations # bases SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT bases (chemical) data bases foundations inorganic compounds ion concentration lunar bases space bases stations bases (chemical) GS bases (chemical) . adenines . alkalies . . lithium hydroxides . . potassium hydroxides . . sodium hydroxides . alkaloids . . atropine . . betaines . . caffeine . . colchicine . . ergotamine . . hyoscine . . lysergine . . morphine . . nicotinamide . . nicotine . . pilocarpine . . reserpine . . strychnine . . tropyl compounds . guanines . piperidine . pyridines . quinoline . thymidine . uracil RT alkalinity anhydrides # bases buffers (chemistry) pH bases (foundations) USE foundations BASIC (programming language) GS languages . programming languages . . BASIC (programming language) RT computer programming basins USE structural basins basins (containers) RT tanks (containers) baskets RT# containers gondolas bastnasite GS carbon compounds . carbonates . . bastnasite minerals . bastnasite rare earth compounds . cerium compounds . . bastnasite batch processing GS data processing . batch processing RT computer programming computer programs data processing equipment # processing bathing GS cleaning . washing . . bathing RT cooling hygiene waste water batholiths GS rock intrusions . batholiths rocks . bedrock . . batholiths RT granite igneous rocks baths SN (EXCLUDES BATHING) GS baths . salt baths RT dipping electroplating heat transfer quenching (cooling) # soaking submerging water immersion bathymeters DEF Instruments that measure the ocean depths and check the topography of the ocean floor. Used for bathymetry. UF bathymetry GS measuring instruments . bathymeters RT depth measurement oceanography sounding underwater research laboratories bathymetry USE bathymeters bathythermographs GS measuring instruments . temperature measuring instruments . . bathythermographs recording instruments . bathythermographs RT pressure gradients temperature gradients bats GS animals . vertebrates . . mammals . . . bats batteries USE electric batteries battery chargers RT charge efficiency # charging electric batteries pulse charging storage batteries battery separators USE separators Bauschinger effect RT# effects fatigue (materials) microstructure bauxite DEF A farruginous aluminium hydroxide rock consisting of several minerals. It is the principle source for aluminum. RT aluminum oxides minerals rocks B-A-W devices USE bulk acoustic wave devices bay ice GS ice . bay ice RT freezing frost ice formation ice mapping ice reporting lake ice low temperature navigation oceanography sea ice slush water Bayard-Alpert ionization gages DEF Ionization vacuum gages using a tube with an electrode structure designed to minimize x ray induced electron emission from the ion collector. GS measuring instruments . pressure gages . . vacuum gages . . . ionization gages . . . . Bayard-Alpert ionization gages vacuum apparatus . vacuum gages . . ionization gages . . . Bayard-Alpert ionization gages RT hot cathodes Bayes theorem UF Bayesian statistics GS theorems . Bayes theorem RT belief networks quality control sampling Bayesian belief networks USE belief networks Bayesian statistics USE Bayes theorem bayous DEF A term variously applied to many local water features in the lower Mississippi River basin and in the Gulf Coast region of the U.S., especially in Louisiana. Its general meaning is a creek of a secondary watercourse that is tributary to another body of water; especially through alluvial lowlands, coastal swamps or river deltas. The origin of the term is from the American French "boyau", "gut"; from the Choctaw "bayuk", "small stream". GS landforms . inlets (topography) . . bayous RT lakes marshlands rivers # bays SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT bays (structural units) bays (topographic features) bays (structural units) RT aircraft compartments airframes # bays compartments fuselages hulls (structures) shells (structural forms) bays (topographic features) DEF Wide, curving open indentations, recesses, or arms of seas or lakes into the land or between two capes or headlands; larger than coves, and usually smaller than, but of the same general character as gulfs. Used for bights and coves. UF bights coves GS bays (topographic features) . Chesapeake Bay (US) . Delaware Bay (US) . Hudson Bay (Canada) . Monterey Bay (CA) . Saginaw Bay (MI) . San Francisco Bay (CA) . San Pablo Bay (CA) RT# bays estuaries gulfs inlets (topography) BBGKY hierarchy GS classifications . hierarchies . . BBGKY hierarchy RT Bogoliubov theory Boltzmann transport equation equations of state Fourier transformation kinetic equations plasma physics BCAS USE Beacon Collision Avoidance System BCC lattices USE body centered cubic lattices BCH codes UF Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem codes RT binary codes # codes coding computer programming decoders decoding digital techniques error correcting devices information theory parity random errors BCS theory UF Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory RT many body problem superconductivity # theories thermodynamic coupling BE A USE Beacon Explorer A BE B USE Explorer 22 satellite BE C USE Explorer 27 satellite BE-3 engine GS engines . rocket engines . . retrorocket engines . . . BE-3 engine RT Athena rocket vehicle Ranger lunar landing vehicles solid propellant rocket engines beaches DEF Stretches of unconsolidated material that constitute gently sloping zones, typically with concave profiles, extending landward from the low-water line to the place where there is a definite change in material or physiographic form. Used for advancing shorelines, backshores, and inshore zones. UF advancing shorelines backshores inshore zones RT bars (landforms) coastal currents coastal plains coasts cusps (landforms) dunes lagoons lakes littoral drift marine environments shoals shorelines topography waterfowl Beacon Collision Avoidance System UF BCAS GS avoidance . collision avoidance . . Beacon Collision Avoidance System RT air traffic control aircraft safety midair collisions radio beacons # systems transponders Beacon Explorer A UF BE A S-66 satellite GS artificial satellites . passive satellites . . Beacon satellites . . . Beacon Explorer A expandable structures . inflatable structures . . inflatable spacecraft . . . Beacon satellites . . . . Beacon Explorer A inflatable space structures . inflatable spacecraft . . Beacon satellites . . . Beacon Explorer A space erectable structures . inflatable spacecraft . . Beacon satellites . . . Beacon Explorer A RT Delta launch vehicle Beacon Explorer B USE Explorer 22 satellite Beacon Explorer C USE Explorer 27 satellite Beacon satellites UF polar ionosphere beacon GS artificial satellites . passive satellites . . Beacon satellites . . . Beacon Explorer A . . . Explorer 22 satellite expandable structures . inflatable structures . . inflatable spacecraft . . . Beacon satellites . . . . Beacon Explorer A . . . . Explorer 22 satellite inflatable space structures . inflatable spacecraft . . Beacon satellites . . . Beacon Explorer A . . . Explorer 22 satellite space erectable structures . inflatable spacecraft . . Beacon satellites . . . Beacon Explorer A . . . Explorer 22 satellite RT LOCATES system beacons DEF Lights, groups of lights, electronic apparatus, or other devices that guide, orient, or warn aircraft, spacecraft, etc. in flight. GS navigation aids . beacons . . airport beacons . . . discrete address beacon system . . radar beacons . . . discrete address beacon system . . radio beacons . . . omnidirectional radio ranges . . . . self calibrating omnirange . . radio direction finders RT aircraft lights buoys compasses homing homing devices instrument flight rules # markers position indicators projectors searchlights # signals solar compasses visual signals beads RT spot welds welded joints welding Beagle aircraft RT# aircraft beam currents DEF Currents incident on specimens by primary particle sources. GS electric current . beam currents RT backward wave tubes Brillouin flow # currents plasma currents beam forming USE beamforming beam injection DEF The introduction of a particle radiation beam into a plasma or ionized gas for the purpose of diagnostics, plasma control, or the study of beam/plasma interactions. RT electron beams ion beams neutral beams plasma heating plasma-particle interactions tokamak devices toroidal plasmas beam interactions DEF A general term for interactions between various types of beams with each other or with plasmas or substances. RT beams (radiation) collision parameters high energy interactions # interactions wave-particle interactions beam leads GS conductors . electric conductors . . beam leads . flat conductors . . beam leads RT bonding electric connectors # joining microelectronics micromodules soldered joints beam neutralization DEF Neutralization that takes place by means of charge exchange with a neutral gas. RT beams (radiation) electron beams ion beams neutral beams beam plasma amplifiers GS amplifiers . beam plasma amplifiers RT electron beams millimeter waves plasma-particle interactions plasmas (physics) relativistic electron beams beam rider guidance DEF System for guiding aircraft, spacecraft, or missiles, along a desired path by means of a radar beam, light beam, etc. The center of the beam axis forms a line along which the vehicle senses its location and corrects its course relative to the beam axis. GS guidance (motion) . beam rider guidance RT missile control missile systems beam splitters DEF Partially reflecting mirrors which permit some incident light to pass through and reflect the remainder. RT beams (radiation) particle accelerators particle beams scatter plates (optics) beam steering (added June 1997) GS steering . beam steering RT antenna radiation patterns beam waveguides beamforming beams (radiation) collimation laser beams steerable antennas beam switching GS switching . beam switching RT beams (radiation) electron optics ion engines lasers magnetic switching packet switching beam waveguides GS waveguides . beam waveguides RT beam steering collimators ion optics photon beams plasmaguides rectangular waveguides wave propagation yokes beamed power USE power beaming beamforming (added September 1992) UF beam forming beamshaping GS collimation . beamforming RT antenna arrays antenna radiation patterns beam steering beams (radiation) ion optics laser beams polarization (waves) radar beams # beams SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT beams (radiation) beams (supports) beams (radiation) GS beams (radiation) . gamma ray beams . light beams . . laser beams . microbeams . particle beams . . atomic beams . . electron beams . . . relativistic electron beams . . ion beams . . neutral beams . . . molecular beams . . . neutron beams . . neutrino beams . . pion beams . . proton beams . pencil beams . phonon beams . photon beams . radar beams RT beam interactions beam neutralization beam splitters beam steering beam switching beamforming # beams coherent electromagnetic radiation coherent radiation corpuscular radiation electromagnetic radiation extreme ultraviolet radiation infrared radiation ionizing radiation irradiation light (visible radiation) longitudinal waves monochromatic radiation multibeam antennas plane waves # radiation # rays submillimeter waves ultraviolet radiation beams (supports) UF structural beams GS structural members . beams (supports) . . box beams . . cantilever beams . . curved beams . . Euler-Bernoulli beams . . I beams . . rectangular beams . . Timoshenko beams RT# beams clamped structures columns (supports) girders # headers plastic bodies T shape trusses beamshaping USE beamforming # bearing SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT bearing (direction) bearings internal combustion engines bearing (direction) RT alignment azimuth # bearing # direction direction finding exposure field of view instrument orientation # orientation position (location) sound localization # space orientation bearing alloys GS alloys . bearing alloys RT aluminum alloys babbitt metal bearings cadmium alloys copper alloys iron alloys lead alloys metal powder silver alloys tin alloys zinc alloys bearingless rotors GS airfoils . wings . . rotary wings . . . lifting rotors . . . . bearingless rotors rotating bodies . rotors . . rotary wings . . . lifting rotors . . . . bearingless rotors RT hinges rigid rotors bearings GS bearings . antifriction bearings . . ball bearings . . roller bearings . . . needle bearings . foil bearings . gas bearings . journal bearings . liquid bearings . magnetic bearings . thrust bearings RT# bearing bearing alloys boundary lubrication bushings gimbals idlers internal combustion engines lubrication packings (seals) pivots shafts (machine elements) supports suspension systems (vehicles) swivels wheels bears GS animals . vertebrates . . mammals . . . bears beat USE synchronism beat frequencies DEF The frequencies obtained when two simple harmonic quantities of different frequencies f1 and f2 are superimposed. The beat frequency equals f1-f2. GS frequencies . beat frequencies RT group velocity intermediate frequency amplifiers Moire effects resonant frequencies standing waves superheterodyne receivers Beaufort Sea (North America) GS seas . Beaufort Sea (North America) RT Alaska Arctic Ocean Canada bed rest GS rest . bed rest RT calcium metabolism clinical medicine head down tilt head up tilt orthostatic tolerance bedding equipment RT# blankets # equipment bediasites GS celestial bodies . meteorites . . stony meteorites . . . tektites . . . . bediasites RT australites bedrock UF shields (geology) GS rocks . bedrock . . Baltic Shield (Europe) . . batholiths RT Earth resources geology regolith # shelves soils strata stratification stratigraphy tunneling (excavation) beds RT beds (process engineering) couches beds (geology) UF lake beds GS geology . beds (geology) . . salt beds landforms . beds (geology) . . salt beds RT ocean bottom strata stratigraphy beds (process engineering) RT beds chemical reactors extraction filtration fluidized bed processors ion exchanging percolation Beech 99 aircraft DEF Light, low-wing aircraft manufactured by Beechcraft. GS Beechcraft aircraft . Beech 99 aircraft . . Beechcraft 18 aircraft . . C-33 aircraft . . C-35 aircraft light aircraft . Beech 99 aircraft . . Beechcraft 18 aircraft . . C-33 aircraft . . C-35 aircraft RT# aircraft # low wing aircraft Beech aircraft USE Beechcraft aircraft Beech C-33 aircraft USE C-33 aircraft Beech S-35 aircraft USE C-35 aircraft Beechcraft 18 aircraft GS Beechcraft aircraft . Beech 99 aircraft . . Beechcraft 18 aircraft general aviation aircraft . Beechcraft 18 aircraft light aircraft . Beech 99 aircraft . . Beechcraft 18 aircraft monoplanes . Beechcraft 18 aircraft RT# aircraft Beechcraft aircraft UF Beech aircraft GS Beechcraft aircraft . Beech 99 aircraft . . Beechcraft 18 aircraft . . C-33 aircraft . . C-35 aircraft RT# aircraft Beer law RT absorptivity Bouguer law electromagnetic absorption molecular absorption bees GS animals . invertebrates . . arthropods . . . insects . . . . bees RT swarming beetles GS animals . invertebrates . . arthropods . . . insects . . . . Coleoptera . . . . . beetles . . . . . tribolia RT infestation behavior DEF The way in which an organism, organ, body, or substance acts in an environment or responds to excitation, as the behavior of steel under stress, or the behavior of an animal in a test. GS behavior . deconditioning . human behavior RT conditioning (learning) diagnosis education extroversion learning migration Skinner boxes Belarus (added August 1993) GS nations . Belarus RT Europe Belfast aircraft USE SC-5 aircraft Belgian Congo USE Democratic Republic of Congo Belgian space program (added August 1990) GS programs . space programs . . European space programs . . . Belgian space program RT Belgium Belgium GS nations . Belgium RT Belgian space program Europe belief networks (added December 1994) DEF Artificial Intelligence technique for computing probabalistic information. UF Bayesian belief networks GS networks . belief networks RT artificial intelligence Bayes theorem computer techniques expert systems knowledge representation neural nets probability theory Belize UF British Honduras GS nations . Belize RT Caribbean region Caribbean Sea Central America Bell 214A helicopter DEF Sixteen-seat utility helicopter manufactured by Bell Helicopter. GS Bell aircraft . Bell 214A helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . Bell 214A helicopter RT# aircraft vertical takeoff aircraft Bell aircraft GS Bell aircraft . AH-1S helicopter . AH-1W helicopter . AH-63 helicopter . Bell 214A helicopter . OH-4 helicopter . OH-13 helicopter . UH-1 helicopter . V-22 aircraft . X-1 aircraft . X-2 aircraft . X-5 aircraft . X-14 aircraft . X-22 aircraft . XV-3 aircraft . XV-15 aircraft RT# aircraft Bellman theory RT dynamic programming optimization # theories bellows SN (EXPANDABLE JOINTS--FOR DEVICES TO MOVE GASES, USE BLOWERS) DEF Mechanical structures with walls like those of an accordion. GS expandable structures . bellows RT expulsion bladders joints (junctions) pumps bells RT auditory signals pressure vessels psychoacoustics # signals sound generators warning warning systems Beltrami flow GS fluid flow . Beltrami flow RT incompressible flow steady flow vorticity # belts SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT asteroid belts cables (ropes) fasteners girdles proton belts pulleys radiation belts regions Rouse belts seat belts terrestrial dust belt Benard cells GS convection . free convection . . Rayleigh-Benard convection . . . Benard cells fluid flow . convective flow . . Rayleigh-Benard convection . . . Benard cells RT convection currents convection-diffusion equation Rayleigh number solar convection (astronomy) solar granulation stellar convection benches USE seats bend tests DEF Ductility tests in which specimens are bent through an arc of known radius and angle. RT bending crack propagation destructive tests flexural strength fracture mechanics fracture strength # materials tests # tests bending GS bending . elastic bending RT bend tests # bows buckling camber deflection deformation displacement distortion elastic deformation Euler-Bernoulli beams fatigue tests fiber strength flexibility flexing flutter folding heaving kinking modulus of elasticity plastic deformation stiffness structural failure structural strain temperature inversions twisting warpage bending diagrams GS diagrams . bending diagrams RT deflection bending fatigue GS fatigue (materials) . bending fatigue RT flexural strength metal fatigue S-N diagrams bending moments GS moments . bending moments RT loading moments NASTRAN static loads stress analysis structural design criteria torque bending strength USE flexural strength bending theory RT stress analysis stress intensity factors # theories Trefftz method bending vibration GS vibration . structural vibration . . bending vibration RT breathing vibration Euler-Bernoulli beams flutter missile vibration panel flutter random vibration self induced vibration bends (physiology) USE decompression sickness beneficiation RT# absorption adsorption aeration clean fuels comminution concentrating # conditioning enrichment exploitation extraction filtration flotation foaming isotopic enrichment leaching # metallurgy minerals purification refining # separation settling size separation sublimation upgrading washing wastes Benin UF Dahomey GS nations . Benin RT Africa bentonite DEF A soft, plastic, porous , light colored rock composed essentially of clay minerals of the montmorillonite group plus colloidal silica, and produced by divitrification and chemical alteration of a glassy igneous material, usually a tuff or a volcanic ash. RT montmorillonite soils water treatment benzene GS organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . cyclic hydrocarbons . . . benzene . hydrocarbons . . cyclic hydrocarbons . . . benzene RT chlorobenzenes cyclohexane solvent refined coal thiophenes benzene poisoning GS diseases . toxic diseases . . benzene poisoning toxicity . benzene poisoning RT hydrocarbon poisoning industrial safety # poisoning toxicity and safety hazard toxicology benzilic acid GS acids . carboxylic acids . . fatty acids . . . benzilic acid organic compounds . carboxylic acids . . fatty acids . . . benzilic acid benzoic acid GS acids . carboxylic acids . . fatty acids . . . benzoic acid organic compounds . carboxylic acids . . fatty acids . . . benzoic acid benzoquinone USE quinones Berenice rocket vehicle GS rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Berenice rocket vehicle RT hypersonic reentry solid propellant rocket engines Bergman operator GS operators (mathematics) . Bergman operator Bering Sea GS seas . Bering Sea RT Pacific Ocean berkelium GS chemical elements . actinide series . . transuranium elements . . . berkelium . nuclides . . isotopes . . . radioactive isotopes . . . transuranium elements . . . . . berkelium metals . actinide series . . transuranium elements . . . berkelium Bermuda GS landforms . islands . . Bermuda RT Atlantic Ocean Bernoulli equation USE Bernoulli theorem Bernoulli theorem DEF In aeronautics, a law or theorem stating that in a flow of incompressible fluid the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure along a streamline is constant if gravity and frictional effects are disregarded. It is named for Daniel Bernoulli, a Swiss scientist who lived from 1700 to 1782. Used for Bernoulli equation. UF Bernoulli equation GS theorems . Bernoulli theorem RT conservation equations # equations flow equations fluid flow isentropic processes linearization Magnus effect panel method (fluid dynamics) Bernstein energy principle GS structural analysis . energy methods . . Bernstein energy principle RT# energy magnetic fields beryl UF emerald GS aluminum compounds . beryl . . alexandrite beryllium compounds . beryl . . alexandrite minerals . beryl . . alexandrite silicon compounds . silicates . . beryl . . . alexandrite RT beryllium beryllium GS chemical elements . beryllium . . beryllium isotopes . . . beryllium 7 . . . beryllium 9 . . . beryllium 10 metals . beryllium . . beryllium isotopes . . . beryllium 7 . . . beryllium 9 . . . beryllium 10 RT beryl moderators beryllium 7 GS chemical elements . beryllium . . beryllium isotopes . . . beryllium 7 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . beryllium isotopes . . . . beryllium 7 . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . beryllium 7 metals . beryllium . . beryllium isotopes . . . beryllium 7 beryllium 9 GS chemical elements . beryllium . . beryllium isotopes . . . beryllium 9 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . beryllium isotopes . . . . beryllium 9 . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . beryllium 9 metals . beryllium . . beryllium isotopes . . . beryllium 9 beryllium 10 GS chemical elements . beryllium . . beryllium isotopes . . . beryllium 10 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . beryllium isotopes . . . . beryllium 10 . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . beryllium 10 metals . beryllium . . beryllium isotopes . . . beryllium 10 beryllium alloys GS alloys . light alloys . . beryllium alloys beryllium borohydrides GS beryllium compounds . beryllium borohydrides boron compounds . borohydrides . . beryllium borohydrides . boron hydrides . . beryllium borohydrides hydrogen compounds . hydrides . . borohydrides . . . beryllium borohydrides . . boron hydrides . . . beryllium borohydrides beryllium chlorides GS beryllium compounds . beryllium chlorides halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorides . . . beryllium chlorides . halides . . chlorides . . . beryllium chlorides . . metal halides . . . beryllium chlorides beryllium compounds GS beryllium compounds . beryl . . alexandrite . beryllium borohydrides . beryllium chlorides . beryllium fluorides . beryllium hydrides . beryllium nitrides . beryllium oxides . . alexandrite RT# alkaline earth compounds # chemical compounds # metal compounds metal fuels metal propellants beryllium fluorides GS beryllium compounds . beryllium fluorides halogen compounds . fluorine compounds . . fluorides . . . metal fluorides . . . . beryllium fluorides . halides . . fluorides . . . metal fluorides . . . . beryllium fluorides . . metal halides . . . metal fluorides . . . . beryllium fluorides beryllium hydrides GS beryllium compounds . beryllium hydrides hydrogen compounds . hydrides . . metal hydrides . . . beryllium hydrides beryllium isotopes GS chemical elements . beryllium . . beryllium isotopes . . . beryllium 7 . . . beryllium 9 . . . beryllium 10 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . beryllium isotopes . . . . beryllium 7 . . . . beryllium 9 . . . . beryllium 10 metals . beryllium . . beryllium isotopes . . . beryllium 7 . . . beryllium 9 . . . beryllium 10 beryllium nitrides GS beryllium compounds . beryllium nitrides nitrogen compounds . nitrides . . metal nitrides . . . beryllium nitrides beryllium oxides GS beryllium compounds . beryllium oxides . . alexandrite chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . alkaline earth oxides . . . . beryllium oxides . . . . . alexandrite beryllium poisoning GS diseases . toxic diseases . . beryllium poisoning toxicity . beryllium poisoning RT industrial safety # poisoning respiratory diseases toxicity and safety hazard toxicology BESS (satellite) DEF A proposed NASA primate biomedical experiment scientific satellite that was never developed. Used for biomedical experiment scientific satellite. UF Biomedical Experiment Scientific Satellite GS artificial satellites . BESS (satellite) RT multimission modular spacecraft space shuttles Bessel functions GS analysis (mathematics) . complex variables . . Bessel functions . . . Hankel functions . real variables . . Bessel functions . . . Hankel functions RT boundary value problems differential equations hypergeometric functions orthogonal functions power series Bessel-Bredichin theory RT comets Kohoutek comet radiation pressure # theories beta factor DEF In plasma physics, the ratio of the plasma kinetic pressure to the magnetic pressure. RT dense plasmas fluid pressure fusion reactors magnetic fields magnetic flux magnetohydrodynamic stability plasma control plasma equilibrium plasma heating plasma physics pressure effects reactor physics tokamak devices toroidal plasmas beta interactions USE weak interactions (field theory) beta particles DEF Particles emitted in the radioactive decay of many radionuclides. A beta particle is identical to an electron. It has a short range in air and a low ability to penetrate other materials. GS ionizing radiation . beta particles nuclear radiation . beta particles particles . charged particles . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . beta particles . corpuscular radiation . . electron radiation . . . beta particles . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . beta particles . elementary particles . . beta particles . nuclear particles . . beta particles RT decay electron beams electrons flux (rate) hot atoms N electrons relativistic electron beams weak energy interactions betaines GS bases (chemical) . alkaloids . . betaines nitrogen compounds . alkaloids . . betaines organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . alkaloids . . . . betaines betatrons DEF Particle accelerators in which magnetic induction is used to accelerate electrons. GS particle accelerators . cyclic accelerators . . betatrons . electron accelerators . . betatrons RT microtrons synchrotrons Bethe-Heitler formula GS mathematical logic . formulas (mathematics) . . Bethe-Heitler formula Bethe-Salpeter equation GS analysis (mathematics) . real variables . . Bethe-Salpeter equation RT differential equations # equations equations of motion kinetic equations quantum mechanics bevatron GS particle accelerators . cyclic accelerators . . synchrotrons . . . bevatron RT synchrocyclotrons bevel gears (added May 1999) GS gears . bevel gears . . spiral bevel gears RT gear teeth beverages GS liquids . potable liquids . . beverages . . . wines RT coffee drinking # food milk BGK model (added September 1993) UF Bhatnagar-Grass-Krook model GS models . mathematical models . . BGK model RT Boltzmann transport equation computational fluid dynamics kinetic equations kinetic theory Knudsen flow molecular collisions molecular flow particle collisions rarefied gas dynamics Bhatnagar-Grass-Krook model USE BGK model Bhutan GS nations . Bhutan RT Himalayas India Sikkim Tibet bias DEF A constant or systematic error as opposed to a random error. It manifests itself as a persistent positive or negative deviation of the method average from the accepted reference value. GS bias . response bias RT compensators displacement electric potential errors instrument errors open circuit voltage tube grids bibliographies GS documents . bibliographies RT abstracts biography documentation general overviews handbooks indexes (documentation) information dissemination information retrieval libraries literature # reference systems space glossaries summaries bicarbonates USE carbonates bicrystals GS crystals . bicrystals RT polycrystals single crystals # bicycle SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT landing gear surface vehicles bidirectional reflectance GS electromagnetic properties . optical properties . . reflectance . . . bidirectional reflectance RT light scattering reflection spectral reflectance surface properties bifurcation (biology) DEF The separation or branching into two parts, areas, aspects or connected segments, of anatomical systems or functions. RT anatomy arteries # biology blood vessels branching (physics) veins bifurcation (mathematics) USE branching (mathematics) big bang cosmology GS cosmology . big bang cosmology RT astronomical models background radiation cosmic rays galactic evolution gamma ray bursts grand unified theory gravitational constant relativity relic radiation universe Bighorn Mountains (MT-WY) GS landforms . mountains . . Bighorn Mountains (MT-WY) RT Montana Wyoming bights USE bays (topographic features) biharmonic equations GS analysis (mathematics) . real variables . . differential equations . . . partial differential equations . . . . biharmonic equations RT elastic properties # equations billets RT casting castings forging ingots metal plates metal strips rods slabs wire bimetals RT alloying alloys composite materials functionally gradient materials metal bonding metals bimetric theories DEF Theories of gravitation. RT gravitation theory metric space Schwarzschild metric # theories binary alloys GS alloys . binary alloys binary systems (materials) . binary alloys RT alloying antiphase boundaries cluster variation method binary codes DEF Codes composed of a combination of entities each of which can assume one of two possible states. Each entity must be identifiable in time or space. RT BCH codes bit error rate # codes concatenated codes digital systems trellis coding binary data RT analog data bit error rate bubble memory devices # data data processing decimal to binary converters digital data binary digits GS symbols . alphanumeric characters . . digits . . . binary digits RT bit error rate bits digital electronics digital systems binary fluids GS binary systems (materials) . binary mixtures . . binary fluids mixtures . binary mixtures . . binary fluids RT# fluids gas mixtures kinetic theory Lennard-Jones gas transport properties binary integration GS analysis (mathematics) . real variables . . measure and integration . . . binary integration RT adding circuits digital integrators binary mixtures GS binary systems (materials) . binary mixtures . . binary fluids . . eutectics . . . eutectic alloys mixtures . binary mixtures . . binary fluids . . eutectics . . . eutectic alloys RT azeotropes gas mixtures liquid-gas mixtures binary phase shift keying (added February 1992) UF biphase shift keying BPSK GS coding . signal encoding . . phase modulation . . . phase shift keying . . . . binary phase shift keying keying . phase shift keying . . binary phase shift keying modulation . phase modulation . . phase shift keying . . . binary phase shift keying RT quadrature phase shift keying satellite transmission binary stars DEF Systems of two stars revolving about a barycenter. GS celestial bodies . stars . . double stars . . . binary stars . . . cataclysmic variables . . . companion stars . . . . . Nemesis (star) . . . . eclipsing binary stars . . . . dwarf novae . . . . Lambda Tauri stars . . . . . Zeta Aurigae star . . . . Sigma Orionis . . . . symbiotic stars . . . . x ray binaries RT accretion disks gravitational binding energy limb darkening star clusters stellar parallax stellar systems superhumps (astronomy) triple stars two body problem variable stars binary summators USE adding circuits binary systems (digital) USE digital systems binary systems (materials) UF two phase systems GS binary systems (materials) . binary alloys . binary mixtures . . binary fluids . . eutectics . . . eutectic alloys RT alloys # materials phase diagrams phase separation (materials) solidus # systems ternary systems binary to decimal converters GS data converters . binary to decimal converters RT computer components # converters data processing decimal to binary converters binaural hearing GS hearing . binaural hearing perception . binaural hearing RT auditory perception sound localization Weber test binders (adhesives) USE adhesives binders (materials) GS binders (materials) . propellant binders . . solid rocket binders RT additives adhesives cements # materials molding materials oxetane polymers sizing materials solid lubricants binding RT binding energy bonding collating folding # joining printing sealing sewing binding energy (added May 1995) GS binding energy . gravitational binding energy . nuclear binding energy RT activation energy binding chemical bonds electrostatic bonding # energy quantum wells vacancies (crystal defects) binocular vision GS vision . binocular vision RT haploscopes motion perception space perception stereoscopic vision binoculars GS optical equipment . binoculars RT eyepieces microscopes periscopes telescopes binomial coefficients GS analysis (mathematics) . combinatorial analysis . . binomial coefficients coefficients . binomial coefficients RT factorials binomial theorem GS algebra . binomial theorem theorems . binomial theorem RT binomials probability density functions probability theory statistical analysis statistical distributions binomials GS algebra . polynomials . . binomials RT binomial theorem bioacoustics GS acoustics . bioacoustics RT acoustic attenuation auditory defects auditory sensation areas bioengineering # biology psychoacoustics # science sound intensity bioassay DEF A standardized procedure for the determination of the effects of an environmental variable or substance on living organisms. Used for biological analysis. UF biological analysis RT biochemistry biological diversity biological effects # biology histochemical analysis in vitro methods and tests in vivo methods and tests Bioastronautical Orbital Space System GS programs . NASA programs . . NASA space programs . . . Bioastronautical Orbital Space System . space programs . . NASA space programs . . . Bioastronautical Orbital Space System RT# systems bioastronautics DEF The study of biological, behavioral, and medical problems pertaining to astronautics. This includes systems functioning in the environments expected to be found in space, vehicles designed to travel in space, and the conditions on terrestrial bodies other than the Earth. RT aerospace environments aerospace medicine # astronautics bioengineering # biology Biosatellite 1 Biosatellite 2 Biosatellite 3 closed ecological systems Columbus space station Earth atmosphere exobiology head down tilt head up tilt hindlimb suspension lunar environment planetary environments # science space adaptation syndrome space exploration space flight space stations spacecraft environments bioavailability (added August 2001) DEF The extent to which a drug, nutrient, toxin, or other substance enters the circulatory system or becomes available at a site of physiological activity. UF biological availability physiologic availability GS availability . bioavailability RT adsorption exposure intravenous procedures material absorption pharmacology physiochemistry sorption toxicity toxicology biochemical fuel cells GS electric generators . direct power generators . . fuel cells . . . biochemical fuel cells electrochemical cells . fuel cells . . biochemical fuel cells RT# biology phosphoric acid fuel cells regenerative fuel cells biochemical oxygen demand DEF The amount of oxygen necessary for the oxidative decomposition of a material by microorganisms. The amount of oxygen consumed in mg/1 of water (or waste water) over a period of 5 days at 20 deg. C under laboratory conditions. Used for BOD. UF BOD RT algae # biology ecology oximetry oxygen consumption plants (botany) pollution control water pollution water treatment biochemistry DEF Chemistry dealing with the chemical processes and compounds of living organisms. GS biochemistry . biogeochemistry . enzymology . physiochemistry RT bacteriology bioassay biodegradation bioengineering # biology biomimetics chemical warfare # chemistry cytology Gaia hypothesis genetic engineering histochemical analysis immunoassay interferon marine chemistry metabolites molecular biology mutagens nitrogen metabolism nutrition optical activity organic chemistry radioimmunoassay vegetation growth bioclimatology USE biometeorology biocompatibility DEF Compatibility of substances with living tissues and blood components. GS compatibility . biocompatibility RT antibodies antigens # biology blood immunology leukocytes physiological defenses vaccines biocontrol systems SN (RESTRICTED TO ARTIFICIAL BIOTECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS FOR THE CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES--USE REGULATORY MECHANISMS (BIOLOGY) FOR NATURAL PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATION) RT biofeedback # biology bionics psychomotor performance regulatory mechanisms (biology) # systems tolerances (physiology) bioconversion DEF The transformation of algae and/or other biomass materials in successive stages to aliphatic organic acids to aliphatic hydrocarbons to diesel and/or other liquid fuels. RT algae # biology biomass energy production bioprocessing # conversion enzyme activity fermentation fuels hydrocarbon fuel production methane renewable energy solar heating vegetation biodegradability DEF The characteristic of a substance that can be decomposed by microorganisms. GS dissociation . biodegradability RT# biology decay decomposition deterioration organic materials # properties biodegradation GS degradation . biodegradation RT activated sludge biochemistry biofilms # biology decay decomposition deterioration biodiversity USE biological diversity biodynamics DEF The study of the effects of dynamic processes (motion, acceleration, weightlessness, etc.) on living organisms. Used for biomechanics. UF biomechanics RT anatomy bioengineering biological models (mathematics) # biology biophysics # dynamics # science stress (physiology) bioelectric potential GS potential energy . electric potential . . bioelectric potential RT bioelectricity # biology bioelectricity UF neuron transmission RT bioelectric potential # biology biomagnetism information processing (biology) neuromuscular transmission spike potentials bioengineering GS bioengineering . bioinstrumentation . . biotelemetry . . implanted electrodes (biology) . biometrics . . body measurement (biology) . . . anthropometry . . electroplethysmography . . cardiography . . . ballistocardiography . . . electrocardiography . . magnetocardiography . . . phonocardiography . . . . echocardiography . . . seismocardiography . . . vectorcardiography . . echoencephalography . . electroencephalography . . electromyography . . electronystagmography . . electroretinography . . plethysmography . . electroplethysmography . . radiocardiography . tissue engineering RT bioacoustics bioastronautics biochemistry biodynamics # biology biomimetics bionics biopaks biophysics bone mineral content # engineering genetic engineering human factors engineering underwater breathing apparatus voice control biofeedback DEF Originally confined to the presenting of a subject with sensory information about ongoing physiological activities, it now includes the controlling of specific physiological activities through trained mental effort. GS feedback . biofeedback . . sensory feedback RT aerospace medicine biocontrol systems blood pressure conditioning (learning) # control feedback control heart rate human factors engineering psychology biofilms (added July 2001) DEF Films of bacteria or other microbial organisms, the growth of which is usually defined by the surface of a biological or non-biological substrate. RT bacteria biodegradation biogeochemistry contaminants extraterrestrial life # films fouling membranes microorganisms bioflavonoids UF vitamin P GS organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . bioflavonoids vitamins . bioflavonoids RT drugs biogenesis USE biological evolution biogeny RT# biology # evolution ontogeny biogeochemistry GS biochemistry . biogeochemistry environmental chemistry . geochemistry . . biogeochemistry RT biofilms # biology botany # chemistry geobotany International Geosphere-Biosphere program minerals plants (botany) biography GS literature . biography RT awards bibliographies case histories documentation bioinstrumentation UF biosensors GS bioengineering . bioinstrumentation . . biotelemetry . . implanted electrodes (biology) RT# biology biometrics bionics echoencephalography # engineering IMBLMS # instruments magnetocardiography measuring instruments respirometers # sensors sphygmography wildlife radiolocation biological activity USE activity (biology) biological analysis USE bioassay biological availability USE bioavailability biological cells USE cells (biology) biological clocks USE rhythm (biology) biological diversity (added June 1995) DEF The diversity of genes, species, and ecosystems that make up the variety and variability of life. UF biodiversity genetic diversity RT bioassay biological evolution biosynthesis cytology deforestation differentiation (biology) gene expression genetics mutations protobiology species diffusion biological effects GS biological effects . desynchronization (biology) . jet lag . relative biological effectiveness (RBE) RT activity (biology) apoptosis atrophy bioassay # biology biomedical data bone demineralization Bragg curve chemical effects disorientation dosage # effects flight stress (biology) human reactions Orbiting Frog Otolith pathological effects physiological effects psychological effects radiation dosage radiation effects space adaptation syndrome temperature thermal pollution biological evolution UF biogenesis GS evolution (development) . biological evolution . . abiogenesis RT archaebacteria biological diversity # biology chemical evolution eukaryotes Gaia hypothesis gene expression genetics life sciences mutagens mutations panspermia prokaryotes protein synthesis protobiology biological models USE bionics biological models (mathematics) DEF Mathematical models for living systems. GS models . mathematical models . . biological models (mathematics) RT biodynamics # biology biomimetics bionics digital simulation dynamic models biological rhythm USE rhythm (biology) biological warfare agents USE biological weapons biological weapons (added December 2001) DEF Infectious agents engineered for deliberate use as a weapon; includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other living microorganisms that can kill or incapacitate. UF biological warfare agents GS weapons . biological weapons RT bacteria chemical warfare infectious diseases spores terrorism toxins and antitoxins virulence viruses # biology SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT activation (biology) activity (biology) activity cycles (biology) aerobiology aerospace medicine aging (biology) agriculture anatomy animals bacteriology bifurcation (biology) bioacoustics bioassay bioastronautics biochemical fuel cells biochemical oxygen demand biochemistry biocompatibility biocontrol systems bioconversion biodegradability biodegradation biodynamics bioelectric potential bioelectricity bioengineering biogeny biogeochemistry bioinstrumentation biological effects biological evolution biological models (mathematics) bioluminescence biomagnetism biomass biomass energy production biomedical data biometeorology biometrics biomimetics bionics biophysics bioreactors biosatellites biosphere biosynthesis biotechnology biotelemetry body composition (biology) body measurement (biology) body size (biology) body volume (biology) bone demineralization bone mineral content botany carbon cycle cells (biology) complement (biology) cytogenesis cytology differentiation (biology) ecology embryology evolution (development) exobiology fatigue (biology) flight stress (biology) genetic engineering genetics habitats immunology implanted electrodes (biology) interferon life sciences marine biology medical science microbiology molecular biology morphology nitrogen metabolism paleobiology protobiology radiobiology relative biological effectiveness (RBE) reproduction (biology) rhythm (biology) # science skin temperature (biology) tissues (biology) veterinary medicine bioluminescence GS emission . light emission . . luminescence . . . bioluminescence RT# biology phosphorescence biomagnetism DEF Magnetic fields surrounding parts or the whole of a living biological system; also, the effects of magnetism on parts or the whole of a biological entity. GS magnetic fields . biomagnetism magnetic properties . biomagnetism RT bioelectricity # biology biophysics electromagnetic fields electromagnetic interactions radiobiology biomass DEF The dry weight of living matter in a given area expressed in terms of mass or weight per unit of volume or area. GS weight (mass) . biomass RT animals # biology carbon cycle # density organisms plants (botany) populations silviculture # weight biomass burning (added December 1999) DEF Burning of vegetation in forests, grasslands, and agricultural lands usually carried out to clear the land and change its use; a significant contributor to the global budgets of many radiatively and chemically active gases and particulates in the atmosphere. GS combustion . biomass burning RT air pollution climate change combustion products contaminants deforestation environment pollution forest fires man environment interactions smoke biomass energy production GS energy conversion . biomass energy production RT bioconversion # biology bioreactors # crops # energy sources energy technology hydrocarbon fuel production manures methanation renewable energy vegetation waste utilization biomechanics USE biodynamics biomedical data RT aerospace medicine biological effects # biology biometrics body measurement (biology) cardiograms # data heart rate IMBLMS Biomedical Experiment Scientific Satellite USE BESS (satellite) biometeorology UF bioclimatology GS meteorology . biometeorology RT# biology coastal ecology coastal plains ecology microclimatology nightglow phenology biometrics GS bioengineering . biometrics . . body measurement (biology) . . . anthropometry . . electroplethysmography . . cardiography . . . ballistocardiography . . . electrocardiography . . magnetocardiography . . . phonocardiography . . . . echocardiography . . . seismocardiography . . . vectorcardiography . . echoencephalography . . electroencephalography . . electromyography . . electronystagmography . . electroretinography . . plethysmography . . electroplethysmography . . radiocardiography RT bioinstrumentation # biology biomedical data bone mineral content # engineering Orbiting Frog Otolith pupillometry statistical analysis # statistics biomimetics (added October 2000) DEF The study of biological systems as models for the development of synthetic materials, devices, sensors, and processes. RT biochemistry bioengineering biological models (mathematics) # biology bionics cybernetics smart materials smart structures bionics DEF The study of systems, particularly electronic systems, which function after the manner characteristic of, or resembling living systems. Used for biological models and biosimulation. UF biological models biosimulation RT artificial intelligence automata theory biocontrol systems bioengineering bioinstrumentation biological models (mathematics) # biology biomimetics control systems design cybernetics human factors engineering man machine systems neuristors rheoelectrical simulation robots simulation syncoders systems engineering biopaks GS support systems . life support systems . . biopaks RT bioengineering biosatellites # containers enclosures portable life support systems preserving biophysics GS biophysics . health physics . . public health RT biodynamics bioengineering # biology biomagnetism # physics # science biopolymer denaturation UF denaturation (biopolymers) nucleic acid denaturation protein denaturation RT biopolymers molecular structure nucleic acids polymer chemistry proteins biopolymers GS biopolymers . nucleic acids . . deoxyribonucleic acid . . ribonucleic acids . proteins . . albumins . . aspartates . . calmodulin . . elastin . . enzymes . . . aldolase . . . amidase . . . carbonic anhydrase . . . catalase . . . cholinesterase . . . cytochromes . . . hexokinase . . . lysozyme . . . nuclease . . . oxidase . . . papain . . . pepsin . . . protease . . . thrombin . . . trypsin . . fibrin . . globulins . . . fibrinogen . . . gamma globulin . . hemoglobin . . . carboxyhemoglobin . . . oxyhemoglobin . . keratins . . lipoproteins . . melanin . . myoglobin . . proteinoids . . prothrombin . . protoproteins . lignin . polysaccharides . . cellulose . . . Fortisan (trademark) . . chitin . . dextrans . . glycogens . . starches RT biopolymer denaturation nucleotides # polymers polynucleotides polypeptides bioprocessing RT aerospace environments bioconversion biotechnology electrophoresis microgravity # microgravity applications pharmacology space processing spaceborne experiments weightlessness bioreactors DEF Biological processors to remove or produce certain chemicals or a particular chemical. RT# biology biomass energy production biotechnology clinostats tissue engineering bioregeneration USE regeneration (physiology) bioregenerative life support systems USE closed ecological systems biorhythms USE rhythm (biology) BIOS project GS programs . projects . . BIOS project Biosatellite 1 GS artificial satellites . biosatellites . . Biosatellite 1 RT bioastronautics Biosatellite 2 GS artificial satellites . biosatellites . . Biosatellite 2 RT bioastronautics Biosatellite 3 GS artificial satellites . biosatellites . . Biosatellite 3 RT# astronautics bioastronautics biosatellites SN (EXCLUDES MANNED SPACECRAFT) DEF Artificial satellites which are specifically designed to contain and support man, animals, or other living material in a reasonably normal manner for an adequate period of time and which, particularly for man and animals, posesses the proper means for safe return to the Earth. GS artificial satellites . biosatellites . . Biosatellite 1 . . Biosatellite 2 . . Biosatellite 3 . . Orbiting Frog Otolith . . Sputnik 2 satellite RT aerospace environments # biology biopaks environmental control extraterrestrial life life detectors life support systems manned spacecraft space capsules # spacecraft biosensors USE bioinstrumentation biosimulation USE bionics biosphere DEF That transition zone between Earth and atmosphere within which most forms of terrestrial life are commonly found; the outer portion of the geosphere and inner or lower portion of the atmosphere. RT# biology chemosphere Earth hydrosphere free atmosphere Gaia hypothesis homosphere International Geosphere-Biosphere program lower atmosphere biosynthesis RT biological diversity # biology chemical reactions genetic engineering metabolites prostaglandins # synthesis synthetic food Biot method RT calculus of variations # methodology Biot number DEF A standard heat transfer dimensionless number. GS dimensionless numbers . Biot number ratios . Biot number RT heat transfer # numbers biotechnology DEF The application of engineering and technological principles to the life sciences. GS technologies . biotechnology . . tissue engineering RT artificial cardiac pacemaker artificial heart valves # biology bioprocessing bioreactors blood pumps cloning (biology) heart implantation in vitro methods and tests in vivo methods and tests man machine systems biotelemetry DEF The remote sensing and evaluation of life functions, as, e.g., in spacecraft and artificial satellites. Used for physiological telemetry. UF physiological telemetry GS bioengineering . bioinstrumentation . . biotelemetry telecommunication . telemetry . . biotelemetry transmission . signal transmission . . telemetry . . . biotelemetry RT# biology communication equipment # engineering Orbiting Frog Otolith pneumography telemedicine wildlife radiolocation biotin UF vitamin B complex GS organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . biotin vitamins . biotin RT drugs biotite DEF A widely distributed and important rock-forming mineral of the mica group. Used for kimberlite. UF kimberlite GS minerals . mica . . biotite Biot-Savart law (added August 1998) DEF Law describing the intensity of a magnetic field produced by a current carrying wire. Also applied in fluid dynamics to describe the flow-velocity field induced by a vortex. GS laws . Biot-Savart law RT electromagnetism flow velocity magnetic fields Maxwell equation vortices biphase shift keying USE binary phase shift keying biplanes GS biplanes . AN-2 aircraft RT# aircraft dual wing configurations light aircraft monoplanes tandem wing aircraft utility aircraft bipolar transistors GS electronic equipment . solid state devices . . semiconductor devices . . . transistors . . . . bipolar transistors RT bipolarity carrier injection epitaxy majority carriers minority carriers n-p-n junctions semiconductors (materials) bipolarity DEF Capability of assuming negative or positive values. RT bipolar transistors # polarization bipropellants USE liquid rocket propellants bird-aircraft collisions GS accidents . aircraft accidents . . bird-aircraft collisions collisions . midair collisions . . bird-aircraft collisions RT# aircraft aircraft hazards birds flight hazards ingestion (engines) birds GS animals . vertebrates . . birds . . . chickens . . . pigeons . . . turkeys . . . waterfowl RT aircraft hazards bird-aircraft collisions Earth resources endangered species flight hazards homeotherms plumage wildlife birefringence DEF A double-refraction phenomenon in which an unpolarized beam of light is divided into two beams with different directions and relative velocities of propagation. The amount of energy transmitted along an optical path through a crystal which exhibits birefringence and is a function of crystalline orientation. Used for Pockels effect. UF Pockels effect GS electromagnetic properties . optical properties . . birefringence . . . Kerr electrooptical effect refraction . birefringence . . Kerr electrooptical effect RT anisotropic media anisotropy birefringent coatings birefringent filters calcite electro-optics Moire effects nonlinear optics photoelasticity polarization (waves) reflectance refractivity temperature inversions Voigt effect birefringent coatings GS coatings . birefringent coatings RT anisotropic media birefringence birefringent filters refractivity birefringent filters GS electromagnetic wave filters . optical filters . . birefringent filters RT birefringence birefringent coatings # filters optical properties refractivity Birkeland currents (added May 1989) GS electric current . field aligned currents . . Birkeland currents . ionospheric currents . . Birkeland currents electricity . atmospheric electricity . . ionospheric currents . . . Birkeland currents RT auroral electrojets auroral zones electrojets geomagnetism ionospheric disturbances magnetic disturbances magnetic storms Pedersen currents birth RT fertilization fetuses pregnancy reproduction (biology) reproductive systems bismaleimide GS nitrogen compounds . amides . . polyimides . . . bismaleimide . imides . . bismaleimide RT matrix materials polyimide resins polymer matrix composites resin matrix composites resins bismuth GS chemical elements . bismuth . . bismuth isotopes metals . bismuth . . bismuth isotopes bismuth 205 USE bismuth isotopes bismuth alloys GS alloys . bismuth alloys RT antimony alloys eutectic alloys magnesium alloys tin alloys bismuth compounds GS bismuth compounds . bismuth oxides . bismuth sulfides . bismuth tellurides RT# chemical compounds # Group 5A compounds # metal compounds bismuth isotopes UF bismuth 205 GS chemical elements . bismuth . . bismuth isotopes . nuclides . . isotopes . . . bismuth isotopes metals . bismuth . . bismuth isotopes bismuth oxides GS bismuth compounds . bismuth oxides chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . bismuth oxides RT BSCCO superconductors bismuth sulfides GS bismuth compounds . bismuth sulfides chalcogenides . sulfides . . inorganic sulfides . . . bismuth sulfides sulfur compounds . sulfides . . inorganic sulfides . . . bismuth sulfides bismuth tellurides GS bismuth compounds . bismuth tellurides chalcogenides . tellurides . . bismuth tellurides tellurium compounds . tellurides . . bismuth tellurides bisphenols GS hydroxyl compounds . alcohols . . phenols . . . bisphenols Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors USE BSCCO superconductors bistable amplifiers USE flip-flops bistable circuits GS circuits . bistable circuits . . flip-flops RT digital techniques multivibrators trigger circuits bistatic radar USE multistatic radar bistatic reflectivity DEF The characteristic of a reflector which reflects energy along a line, or lines, different from, or in addition to, that of the incident ray. RT brightness incident radiation reflectance scattering bit error rate DEF The number of erroneous bits or characters received from some fixed number of bits transmitted. GS rates (per time) . bit error rate RT binary codes binary data binary digits bit synchronization bits error analysis error correcting codes error detection codes error signals pulse communication Reed-Solomon codes signal to noise ratios transmission efficiency transmission rate (communications) bit synchronization GS synchronism . bit synchronization RT bit error rate frequency synchronization biternary code RT# codes differential pulse code modulation digital systems pulse code modulation bits RT binary digits bit error rate drill bits bitumens DEF Dark-colored (solid, semisolid, or viscous) cementitious substances, natural or manufactured, composed principally of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, of which asphalts, tars, pitches, and asphaltenes are typical. RT carbon coal coke # construction materials lignite # materials solvent refined coal bivariate analysis GS statistical analysis . variance (statistics) . . multivariate statistical analysis . . . bivariate analysis RT correlation BL Lacertae objects DEF One of a class of astronomical objects exhibiting; (1) rapid variations in intensity at radio, infrared, and optical wavelengths; (2) energy distributions largely at infrared wavelengths; (3) absence of discrete features in low dispersion spectra; and (4) strong and rapidly varying polarization at visual and radio wavelengths. GS celestial bodies . blazars . . BL Lacertae objects RT extragalactic radio sources galaxies irregular galaxies luminous intensity polarization (waves) radiant flux density radio sources (astronomy) black and white photography GS imagery . photography . . black and white photography RT all sky photography astronomical photography autoradiography chronophotography cinematography cloud photography color photography electron photography electro-optical photography frame photography infrared photography lunar photography photomicrography photoreconnaissance radar photography rocket-borne photography satellite-borne photography Schlieren photography shadowgraph photography spaceborne photography spectroheliographs spectrophotography stereophotography ultraviolet photometry urography Black Arrow launch vehicle USE Black Knight rocket vehicle black body radiation DEF The electromagnetic radiation emitted by an ideal black body; it is the theoretical maximum amount of radiant energy of all wavelengths which can be emitted by a body at a given temperature. GS electromagnetic radiation . thermal radiation . . black body radiation RT brightness distribution brightness temperature emissivity heat radiators hohlraums infrared radiation Kirchhoff law of radiation light (visible radiation) nongray atmospheres nongray gas Plancks constant radiance # radiation sunlight ultraviolet radiation Black Brant 1 sounding rocket GS rocket vehicles . single stage rocket vehicles . . Black Brant sounding rockets . . . Black Brant 1 sounding rocket . sounding rockets . . Black Brant sounding rockets . . . Black Brant 1 sounding rocket RT solid propellant rocket engines Black Brant 2 sounding rocket GS rocket vehicles . single stage rocket vehicles . . Black Brant sounding rockets . . . Black Brant 2 sounding rocket . sounding rockets . . Black Brant sounding rockets . . . Black Brant 2 sounding rocket RT solid propellant rocket engines Black Brant 3 sounding rocket GS rocket vehicles . single stage rocket vehicles . . Black Brant sounding rockets . . . Black Brant 3 sounding rocket . sounding rockets . . Black Brant sounding rockets . . . Black Brant 3 sounding rocket RT solid propellant rocket engines Black Brant 4 sounding rocket GS rocket vehicles . single stage rocket vehicles . . Black Brant sounding rockets . . . Black Brant 4 sounding rocket . sounding rockets . . Black Brant sounding rockets . . . Black Brant 4 sounding rocket RT solid propellant rocket engines Black Brant 5 sounding rocket GS rocket vehicles . single stage rocket vehicles . . Black Brant sounding rockets . . . Black Brant 5 sounding rocket . sounding rockets . . Black Brant sounding rockets . . . Black Brant 5 sounding rocket RT solid propellant rocket engines Black Brant sounding rockets GS rocket vehicles . single stage rocket vehicles . . Black Brant sounding rockets . . . Black Brant 1 sounding rocket . . . Black Brant 2 sounding rocket . . . Black Brant 3 sounding rocket . . . Black Brant 4 sounding rocket . . . Black Brant 5 sounding rocket . sounding rockets . . Black Brant sounding rockets . . . Black Brant 1 sounding rocket . . . Black Brant 2 sounding rocket . . . Black Brant 3 sounding rocket . . . Black Brant 4 sounding rocket . . . Black Brant 5 sounding rocket RT solid propellant rocket engines Black Hawk assault helicopter USE H-60 Helicopter Black Hills (SD-WY) GS landforms . mountains . . Black Hills (SD-WY) RT South Dakota Wyoming black holes (astronomy) GS celestial bodies . stars . . black holes (astronomy) RT accretion disks degenerate matter event horizon gravitational collapse gravitational lenses massive stars naked singularities Reissner-Nordstrom solution supernova remnants white holes (astronomy) x ray binaries Black Knight rocket vehicle UF Black Arrow launch vehicle GS rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Black Knight rocket vehicle . single stage rocket vehicles . . Black Knight rocket vehicle RT liquid propellant rocket engines Black Sea GS seas . Black Sea RT Bulgaria Romania Turkey U.S.S.R. Blackbird aircraft USE SR-71 aircraft Blackburn B-103 aircraft USE Buccaneer aircraft # blackout SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT blackout (physiology) blackout (propagation) blackout (physiology) GS syncope . blackout (physiology) . . blackout prevention unconsciousness . blackout (physiology) . . blackout prevention RT acceleration tolerance # blackout # coma blackout (propagation) UF ionospheric blackout GS electromagnetic interference . radio frequency interference . . blackout (propagation) . . . polar radio blackout RT atmospherics # blackout electromagnetic fields electromagnetic noise ionospheric disturbances plasma sheaths plasmas (physics) radiation effects radio communication reentry communication reentry effects solar activity effects x rays blackout prevention GS human performance . astronaut performance . . blackout prevention . pilot performance . . blackout prevention syncope . blackout (physiology) . . blackout prevention unconsciousness . blackout (physiology) . . blackout prevention RT acceleration tolerance # coma weightlessness bladder GS anatomy . genitourinary system . . bladder RT prostate gland urology bladders (mechanics) USE diaphragms (mechanics) blade slap USE blade-vortex interaction blade slap noise DEF Impulsive noise (short high pressure sound waves) of rotating blades, primarily helicopter blades. Used for helicopter impulsive noise. UF helicopter impulsive noise GS elastic waves . sound waves . . noise (sound) . . . aircraft noise . . . . blade slap noise . . . flow noise . . . . aerodynamic noise . . . . . blade slap noise RT blade tips blade-vortex interaction helicopters propeller noise blade tips GS tips . blade tips RT airfoil profiles blade slap noise blade-vortex interaction propeller blades rotary wings rotor blades (turbomachinery) wing tips # blades SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF Arms of propeller and rotating wings. Specifically, restrictive, those parts of propellers or of rotating wings from the shank outward, i.e., those parts having efficient airfoil shapes and that cleave the air. Vanes such as rotating vanes or stationary vanes in rotary air compressors, or vanes of turbine wheels. RT airfoils blades (cutters) compressor blades fins hydrofoils propeller blades rims rotary wings rotor blades (turbomachinery) stator blades turbine blades turbomachine blades vanes blades (cutters) GS cutters . blades (cutters) . . razor blades RT# blades blade-vortex interaction UF blade slap vortex-blade interaction RT airfoils blade slap noise blade tips helicopters interactional aerodynamics # interactions rotary wings vortices wing tip vortices # blankets SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT bedding equipment blankets (fission reactors) blankets (fusion reactors) cloud cover controlled atmospheres solar blankets blankets (fission reactors) DEF Damper materials for fission reactors. RT# blankets # dampers fission reactor design reactor materials blankets (fusion reactors) DEF Damper materials for fusion reactors. RT# blankets fusion reactors limiters (fusion reactors) moderators reactor design reactor materials # blanking SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT blanking (cutting) forming techniques stamping blanking (cutting) GS cutting . blanking (cutting) forming techniques . pressing (forming) . . blanking (cutting) RT# blanking laser cutting shearing stamping blanks RT ammunition briquets forms (paper) preforms Blasius equation GS analysis (mathematics) . real variables . . differential equations . . . Blasius equation flow equations . boundary layer equations . . Blasius equation RT boundary layer flow # equations Falkner-Skan equation flat plates Prandtl-Meyer expansion Blasius flow GS fluid flow . laminar flow . . Blasius flow . uniform flow . . Blasius flow RT flat plates head flow Tollmien-Schlichting waves turbulent flow two dimensional flow wedge flow blast deflectors DEF Devices used to divert the exhaust of a rocket fired from a vertical position. GS deflectors . blast deflectors RT baffles diverters flame deflectors shielding blast loads GS aerodynamic forces . aerodynamic loads . . blast loads loads (forces) . dynamic loads . . aerodynamic loads . . . blast loads . . transient loads . . . shock loads . . . . blast loads RT aerial explosions dynamic pressure explosions gust loads impact loads overpressure pressure pressure pulses Riemann waves shock waves wave resistance blastoff USE rocket launching # blasts SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT exhaust gases explosions jet blast effects shock waves sound waves Blattidae USE cockroaches blazars (added December 1988) DEF Strongly optical polarized active galactic nuclei objects exhibiting BL Lacertae-like and quasar-like characteristics. GS celestial bodies . blazars . . BL Lacertae objects RT accretion disks active galactic nuclei active galaxies disk galaxies extragalactic radio sources infrared astronomy quasars radio galaxies radio sources (astronomy) Seyfert galaxies bleaching RT chlorination cleaning fading # bleeding SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT boundary layer control fluid mechanics hemorrhages pressure reduction bleed-off USE pressure reduction blended-wing-body configurations (added April 2001) DEF Flight vehicle configurations that maximize overall efficiency by integrating the engines, wings, and the body into a single lifting surface. Sometimes referred to as flying-wing configurations. UF blended-wing-fuselage BWB configurations flying wing configurations GS aerodynamic configurations . body-wing configurations . . blended-wing-body configurations RT aircraft configurations aircraft design SR-71 aircraft tailless aircraft blended-wing-fuselage USE blended-wing-body configurations blends USE mixtures blight GS plant diseases . blight RT alfalfa bacteria barley botany citrus trees corn crop growth crop vigor fungi orchards parasites parasitic diseases plants (botany) rhizopus rust fungi vineyards blind landing GS landing . blind landing RT aircraft landing approach indicators automatic landing control instrument approach instrument flight rules instrument landing systems landing instruments night flights (aircraft) blindness GS blindness . flash blindness RT braille disabilities eye diseases optometry vision blinds RT shielding # shutters blinking RT astronomical photometry display devices eye movements visual perception # blisters SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT infectious diseases injuries mucoceles protuberances rupturing skin (anatomy) viruses Bloch band GS energy bands . Bloch band RT# bands superconductivity block copolymers (added January 1990) GS copolymers . block copolymers RT copolymerization micelles polybutadiene # polymers polystyrene block diagrams GS diagrams . block diagrams RT charts computer programming computer programs flow charts research management systems analysis Block Island Sound (RI) GS sounds (topographic features) . Block Island Sound (RI) RT Atlantic Ocean Rhode Island blocking UF obstructing RT# arresters closing closures constraints constrictions containment plugging plugs prevention retarders (devices) retarding sealing seals (stoppers) stopping blocks RT cubes (mathematics) pulleys slabs bloedite DEF A mineral consisting of hydrous sodium mangnesium sulfate that is colorless. Also known as astrakanite or astrochanite. GS minerals . bloedite RT magnesium sulfates sodium compounds sulfur compounds blood GS body fluids . blood . . fibrin . . fibrinogen . . thrombin . . thromboplastin RT anemias biocompatibility blood cells blood circulation blood coagulation blood flow blood groups blood plasma blood pressure blood pumps blood vessels blood volume blood-brain barrier capillaries (anatomy) carboxyhemoglobin test cardiovascular system coagulation heart hematocrit hematopoiesis hemoglobin hemorrhages hypercapnia hypocapnia oximetry Rhesus factor transfusion blood cells UF corpuscles (blood) GS cells (biology) . blood cells . . erythrocytes . . . reticulocytes . . hemocytes . . leukocytes . . . eosinophils . . . lymphocytes RT anemias blood blood plasma hematopoiesis hematopoietic system hemoglobin blood circulation GS circulation . blood circulation . . brain circulation . . coronary circulation . . intercranial circulation . . ocular circulation . . peripheral circulation . . pulmonary circulation RT artificial cardiac pacemaker artificial heart valves blood blood-brain barrier carboxyhemoglobin circulatory system cyanosis diastole electroplethysmography heart function heart implantation hematocrit hemodynamic responses hemodynamics hypervolemia hypovolemia intravascular system ischemia phonoarteriography physiology rheoencephalography rheometers tourniquets blood coagulation GS coagulation . blood coagulation RT blood clotting fibrin hemostatics myocardial infarction platelets thrombin thrombocytes thromboplastin thrombosis blood flow GS fluid flow . blood flow RT blood capillary flow diastole hematocrit hemoperfusion systole tourniquets blood groups RT blood platelets blood plasma RT blood blood cells body fluids electrolyte metabolism hematocrit blood pressure GS pressure . blood pressure . . diastolic pressure . . hypertension . . hypotension . . lower body negative pressure . . systolic pressure RT baroreflexes biofeedback blood diastole heart function hemodynamic responses hemoperfusion manometers ophthalmodynamometry orthostatic tolerance sphygmography systole # tension blood pumps GS medical equipment . blood pumps pumps . blood pumps RT artificial heart valves biotechnology blood circulatory system heart pulmonary circulation blood vessels GS anatomy . circulatory system . . cardiovascular system . . . blood vessels . . . . arteries . . . . . aorta . . . . capillaries (anatomy) . . . . . glomerulus . . . . veins RT bifurcation (biology) blood carotid sinus body carotid sinus reflex catheterization embolisms endothelium fat embolisms vasoconstriction vasodilation # vessels blood volume RT blood cardiac output cardiovascular system chronic conditions clinical medicine hematocrit hematopoietic system hemodynamics hypervolemia hypovolemia stroke volume blood-brain barrier DEF A mechanism which maintains the constancy of the neurons in the central nervous system by preventing certain substances from leaving the bloodstream and entering the neural tissue. RT# barriers blood blood circulation central nervous system neurons blowdown wind tunnels GS test facilities . wind tunnels . . blowdown wind tunnels RT hotshot wind tunnels hypersonic wind tunnels hypervelocity wind tunnels low density research low speed wind tunnels subsonic wind tunnels supersonic wind tunnels transonic wind tunnels blowers RT air conditioning air conditioning equipment air ducts blowing centrifugal compressors compressors cooling systems ducted fans exhaust systems # fans impellers injectors materials handling mixers # nozzles refrigerating machinery sealing sprayers superchargers turbomachinery ventilation ventilation fans ventilators blowing GS blowing . spanwise blowing . tangential blowing . under surface blowing . upper surface blowing RT aeration agitation blowers boundary layer control circulation circulation control airfoils compressing entrainment exhausting externally blown flaps forced convection injection mixing # pumping spraying upper surface blown flaps wind (meteorology) blown flaps USE externally blown flaps blowoff (combustion) USE flameout blowouts RT fatigue life tires Blue Goose missile GS decoys . Blue Goose missile missiles . surface to air missiles . . Blue Goose missile RT booster rocket engines countermeasures J-85 engine solid propellant rocket engines blue green algae UF Cyanophyta GS plants (botany) . algae . . blue green algae . . . anabaena . . . Microcystis . . . Nostoc . thermophilic plants . . blue green algae . . . anabaena . . . Microcystis . . . Nostoc Blue Scout rocket vehicle GS launch vehicles . Blue Scout rocket vehicle rocket vehicles . multistage rocket vehicles . . Blue Scout rocket vehicle RT Algol engine solid propellant rocket engines X-248 engine X-254 engine XM-33 engine blue stars DEF Stars of spectral type O, B, A, or F according to the Draper catalog. GS celestial bodies . stars . . early stars . . . hot stars . . . . blue stars RT A stars B stars F stars O stars Blue Steel missile GS missiles . Blue Steel missile RT liquid propellant rocket engines Blue Streak launch vehicle GS launch vehicles . Blue Streak launch vehicle rocket vehicles . Blue Streak launch vehicle RT Eldo launch vehicle liquid propellant rocket engines Blue Streak missile GS missiles . ballistic missiles . . intermediate range ballistic missiles . . . Blue Streak missile . surface to surface missiles . . intermediate range ballistic missiles . . . Blue Streak missile rocket vehicles . Blue Streak missile RT liquid propellant rocket engines blueprints GS documents . drawings . . engineering drawings . . . blueprints RT layouts reproduction (copying) bluff bodies DEF Bodies having a broad, flattened front, as in some reentry vehicles. RT blunt bodies # bodies ducted bodies forebodies lifting bodies reentry vehicles Roshko prediction bluffs (landforms) USE cliffs blunt bodies RT aerodynamic configurations aerodynamics axisymmetric bodies bluff bodies # bodies ducted bodies forebodies missile bodies nose cones power law bodies stagnation point symmetrical bodies blunt leading edges DEF The obtuse cross sections of certain front edges of airfoils or wings. GS edges . leading edges . . blunt leading edges RT airfoils forebodies trailing edges blunt trailing edges DEF The rounded or obtuse angled trailing edges of wings and/or control surfaces designed to enhance aerodynamic characteristics. GS edges . trailing edges . . blunt trailing edges RT airfoils control surfaces wings blurring RT aberration resolution spatial filtering BMC USE bone mineral content BMEWS USE Ballistic Missile Early Warning System BO-105 helicopter GS Bolkow aircraft . BO-105 helicopter passenger aircraft . BO-105 helicopter utility aircraft . BO-105 helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . military helicopters . . . . BO-105 helicopter boards (paper) UF fiberboard RT# construction materials paper (material) papers boats GS surface vehicles . boats . . lifeboats water vehicles . boats . . lifeboats RT amphibious vehicles harbors inflatable structures keels # military vehicles research vehicles ships underwater vehicles boattails DEF The rear portions of elongated bodies, as in rockets, having decreasing cross-sectional area toward the rear. RT afterbodies skirts tail assemblies BOD USE biochemical oxygen demand # bodies SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT afterbodies axisymmetric bodies bluff bodies blunt bodies bodies of revolution celestial bodies centerbodies ducted bodies elastic bodies finned bodies flexible bodies foreign bodies Herbig-Haro objects human body lenticular bodies lifting bodies maneuverable reentry bodies missile bodies planforms plastic bodies pyramidal bodies reentry vehicles rotating bodies slender bodies solids streamlined bodies symmetrical bodies three dimensional bodies towed bodies two dimensional bodies bodies of revolution DEF Symmetrical bodies having the form described by rotating a plane curve about an axis in its plane. GS symmetrical bodies . bodies of revolution . . conical bodies . . . slender cones . . cylindrical bodies . . . rotating cylinders . . parabolic bodies . . power law bodies . . spheres . . . celestial sphere . . . concentric spheres . . . falling spheres . . . Poincare spheres . . . rotating spheres . . toruses RT aerodynamic configurations aerodynamics axes of rotation axisymmetric bodies # bodies cones disks (shapes) ellipsoids finned bodies geometry # hemispheres hemispherical shells ogives # rings spherical shells streamlined bodies body centered cubic lattices UF BCC lattices GS crystal lattices . cubic lattices . . body centered cubic lattices RT close packed lattices cluster variation method crystals face centered cubic lattices body composition (biology) GS composition (property) . body composition (biology) RT# biology chemical composition exoskeletons body fluids GS body fluids . blood . . fibrin . . fibrinogen . . thrombin . . thromboplastin . cerebrospinal fluid . endolymph . lymph . mucus . saliva . sweat . urine RT blood plasma diuresis edema electrolyte metabolism # fluids isotonicity lysozyme mineral metabolism obesity perspiration secretions water water balance body kinematics GS kinematics . body kinematics RT acceleration (physics) acceleration stresses (physiology) kinetics particle theory velocity body measurement (biology) SN (LIMITED TO BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS--FOR MEASUREMENT OF NON-BIOLOGICAL BODIES USE SIZE DETERMINATION) GS bioengineering . biometrics . . body measurement (biology) . . . anthropometry . . . electroplethysmography RT# biology biomedical data electrocardiography electroencephalography electrophysiology # engineering human body human factors engineering obesity size determination # sizing body size (biology) RT anthropometry # biology obesity body sway test GS physiological tests . body sway test RT# equilibrium head down tilt vertical perception vestibular tests body temperature SN (LIMITED TO TEMPERATURE OF BIOLOGICAL BODIES) GS temperature . body temperature RT cold tolerance fever heat acclimatization heat stroke heat tolerance homeostasis homeotherms humidity hyperthermia hypothermia perspiration poikilothermia shivering thermoreceptors thermoregulation vasoconstriction vasodilation body temperature (non-biological) USE temperature body temperature regulation USE thermoregulation body volume (biology) GS volume . body volume (biology) RT# biology obesity body weight GS weight (mass) . body weight RT obesity weightlessness body-wing and tail configurations UF wing-body and tail configurations GS aerodynamic configurations . body-wing and tail configurations RT# configurations fuselages tail assemblies wings body-wing configurations UF wing-body configurations GS aerodynamic configurations . body-wing configurations . . blended-wing-body configurations RT airfoils drooped airfoils GAW-2 airfoil wings Boeing 707 aircraft GS Boeing aircraft . Boeing 707 aircraft commercial aircraft . Boeing 707 aircraft jet aircraft . turbofan aircraft . . Boeing 707 aircraft monoplanes . Boeing 707 aircraft passenger aircraft . Boeing 707 aircraft transport aircraft . Boeing 707 aircraft RT# aircraft Boeing 717 aircraft (added October 1998) GS Boeing aircraft . Boeing 717 aircraft commercial aircraft . Boeing 717 aircraft jet aircraft . turbofan aircraft . . Boeing 717 aircraft monoplanes . Boeing 717 aircraft passenger aircraft . Boeing 717 aircraft transport aircraft . Boeing 717 aircraft RT# aircraft Boeing 720 aircraft GS Boeing aircraft . Boeing 720 aircraft commercial aircraft . Boeing 720 aircraft jet aircraft . turbofan aircraft . . Boeing 720 aircraft monoplanes . Boeing 720 aircraft passenger aircraft . Boeing 720 aircraft transport aircraft . Boeing 720 aircraft RT# aircraft Boeing 727 aircraft GS Boeing aircraft . Boeing 727 aircraft commercial aircraft . Boeing 727 aircraft jet aircraft . turbofan aircraft . . Boeing 727 aircraft passenger aircraft . Boeing 727 aircraft transport aircraft . Boeing 727 aircraft RT# aircraft cargo aircraft Boeing 733 aircraft GS Boeing aircraft . Boeing 733 aircraft commercial aircraft . Boeing 733 aircraft jet aircraft . turbofan aircraft . . Boeing 733 aircraft monoplanes . Boeing 733 aircraft supersonic aircraft . Boeing 733 aircraft transport aircraft . Boeing 733 aircraft RT# aircraft variable sweep wings Boeing 737 aircraft GS Boeing aircraft . Boeing 737 aircraft commercial aircraft . Boeing 737 aircraft jet aircraft . turbofan aircraft . . Boeing 737 aircraft monoplanes . Boeing 737 aircraft passenger aircraft . Boeing 737 aircraft transport aircraft . Boeing 737 aircraft RT# aircraft cargo aircraft Boeing 747 aircraft GS Boeing aircraft . Boeing 747 aircraft commercial aircraft . Boeing 747 aircraft jet aircraft . Boeing 747 aircraft passenger aircraft . Boeing 747 aircraft transport aircraft . Boeing 747 aircraft RT# aircraft SOFIA (airborne observatory) turbofan engines X-34 reusable launch vehicle Boeing 747B aircraft USE E-4A aircraft Boeing 757 aircraft DEF Boeing's twin turbofan short/medium range transport aircraft that made its first flight on February 19, 1982. GS Boeing aircraft . Boeing 757 aircraft commercial aircraft . Boeing 757 aircraft jet aircraft . turbofan aircraft . . Boeing 757 aircraft monoplanes . Boeing 757 aircraft passenger aircraft . Boeing 757 aircraft transport aircraft . Boeing 757 aircraft RT# aircraft Boeing 767 aircraft DEF Boeing's widebodied medium range commercial transport aircraft that made its first flight on September 26, 1981. GS Boeing aircraft . Boeing 767 aircraft commercial aircraft . Boeing 767 aircraft jet aircraft . turbofan aircraft . . Boeing 767 aircraft monoplanes . Boeing 767 aircraft passenger aircraft . Boeing 767 aircraft transport aircraft . Boeing 767 aircraft RT# aircraft cargo aircraft turbofan engines Boeing 777 aircraft (added September 1994) GS Boeing aircraft . Boeing 777 aircraft commercial aircraft . Boeing 777 aircraft jet aircraft . Boeing 777 aircraft passenger aircraft . Boeing 777 aircraft transport aircraft . Boeing 777 aircraft RT# aircraft Boeing 2707 aircraft GS Boeing aircraft . Boeing 2707 aircraft commercial aircraft . supersonic commercial air transport . . Boeing 2707 aircraft jet aircraft . Boeing 2707 aircraft passenger aircraft . Boeing 2707 aircraft supersonic aircraft . supersonic transports . . supersonic commercial air transport . . . Boeing 2707 aircraft transport aircraft . Boeing 2707 aircraft RT# aircraft Boeing aircraft UF Vertol military helicopters GS Boeing aircraft . B-47 aircraft . B-50 aircraft . B-52 aircraft . Boeing 707 aircraft . Boeing 717 aircraft . Boeing 720 aircraft . Boeing 727 aircraft . Boeing 733 aircraft . Boeing 737 aircraft . Boeing 747 aircraft . Boeing 757 aircraft . Boeing 767 aircraft . Boeing 777 aircraft . Boeing 2707 aircraft . C-135 aircraft . CH-21 helicopter . CH-46 helicopter . CH-47 helicopter . CH-62 helicopter . E-3A aircraft . E-4A aircraft . H-25 helicopter . V-22 aircraft . VZ-2 aircraft . X-20 aircraft . X-32 aircraft RT# aircraft AWACS aircraft McDonnell Douglas aircraft YC-14 aircraft Bogoliubov theory RT BBGKY hierarchy # theories bogs USE marshlands Bohr magneton DEF A constant equivalent to the magnetic moment of an electron. GS constants . Bohr magneton RT electrons magnetic moments Bohr theory GS theoretical physics . quantum theory . . Bohr theory RT electron transitions line spectra # theories bohrium (added May 1998) GS chemical elements . bohrium RT hassium seaborgium boiler plate GS structural members . plates (structural members) . . metal plates . . . boiler plate RT thick walls boilers UF steam generators GS heating equipment . boilers RT external combustion engines furnaces # generators heat balance pressure vessels steam vaporizers waste energy utilization boiling UF ebullition GS phase transformations . vaporizing . . boiling . . . film boiling . . . nucleate boiling . . . . Leidenfrost phenomenon RT effervescence evaporation evolution (liberation) heat transfer heating boiling water reactors GS nuclear reactors . liquid cooled reactors . . water cooled reactors . . . boiling water reactors . . . . experimental boiling water reactors . . . . Halden Boiling Water Reactor . . . . Los Alamos Water Boiler Reactor . . . . Pathfinder nuclear reactor . . . . Spert reactors RT nuclear power reactors nuclear research and test reactors bolides DEF Brilliant meteors, especially ones which explode; detonating fireballs. GS celestial bodies . meteoroids . . bolides . . . Cyrillid meteoroids RT atmospheric entry atmospheric heating # fireballs meteor trails meteorites meteoroid showers Pribram meteorite Bolivia GS nations . Bolivia RT South America Bolkow aircraft GS Bolkow aircraft . BO-105 helicopter RT# aircraft boll weevils GS animals . invertebrates . . arthropods . . . insects . . . . Coleoptera . . . . . boll weevils RT bollworms cotton infestation bollworms GS animals . invertebrates . . arthropods . . . insects . . . . bollworms larvae . bollworms RT boll weevils corn cotton fruits infestation moths bolograms USE bolometers bolometers DEF Instruments which measure the intensity of radiant energy by employing thermally sensitive electrical resistors; a type of actinometer. Used for bolograms. UF bolograms GS measuring instruments . radiation measuring instruments . . bolometers RT Dicke radiometers electrical measurement heat measurement infrared detectors photometers potentiometers (instruments) radiation pyrometers radiometers resistance thermometers temperature measurement temperature measuring instruments x ray detectors bolted joints DEF Joints fastened with bolts. They are usually designed for heavy loads. GS joints (junctions) . bolted joints RT bolts lap joints riveted joints scarf joints bolts GS fasteners . bolts . . rock bolts . . tiebolts RT anchors (fasteners) bolted joints couplings holders nuts (fasteners) screws studs (structural members) threads Boltzmann distribution GS distribution (property) . Boltzmann distribution RT atmospheric density atmospheric diffusion kinetic theory statistical mechanics two fluid models Boltzmann transport equation RT BBGKY hierarchy BGK model Burnett equations Chapman-Enskog theory # equations Fokker-Planck equation hydrodynamic equations kinetic theory particle diffusion statistical mechanics transport properties transport theory Boltzmann-Vlasov equation RT# equations high temperature plasmas Maxwell equation partial differential equations wave equations Bolza problems RT optimization # problems BOMARC A missile GS missiles . antiaircraft missiles . . BOMARC missiles . . . BOMARC A missile . surface to air missiles . . BOMARC missiles . . . BOMARC A missile RT liquid propellant rocket engines solid propellant rocket engines BOMARC B missile GS missiles . antiaircraft missiles . . BOMARC missiles . . . BOMARC B missile . surface to air missiles . . BOMARC missiles . . . BOMARC B missile RT liquid propellant rocket engines solid propellant rocket engines BOMARC missiles GS missiles . antiaircraft missiles . . BOMARC missiles . . . BOMARC A missile . . . BOMARC B missile . surface to air missiles . . BOMARC missiles . . . BOMARC A missile . . . BOMARC B missile bomb calorimeters GS measuring instruments . calorimeters . . bomb calorimeters RT drop calorimeters flame calorimeters heat measurement high temperature tests temperature measuring instruments # bombardment SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT electron bombardment hypervelocity projectiles irradiation meteoritic damage sputtering bomber aircraft GS attack aircraft . bomber aircraft . . A-2 aircraft . . A-3 aircraft . . A-4 aircraft . . A-5 aircraft . . A-6 aircraft . . B-1 aircraft . . B-2 aircraft . . B-26 aircraft . . B-47 aircraft . . B-50 aircraft . . B-52 aircraft . . B-57 aircraft . . B-58 aircraft . . B-66 aircraft . . B-70 aircraft . . F-111 aircraft . . Shackleton bomber . . Valiant aircraft . . Victor MK-1 aircraft . . Vulcan aircraft RT# aircraft antisubmarine warfare aircraft bombing equipment F-117A aircraft jet aircraft # military aircraft # military aviation tanker aircraft training aircraft Vampire MK 35 aircraft bombing equipment GS onboard equipment . aircraft equipment . . bombing equipment RT B-1 aircraft bomber aircraft bombs (ordnance) # equipment fire control # bombs SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT bombs (ordnance) precision guided projectiles pressure gages samplers bombs (ordnance) DEF Explosive devices designed to be detonated under specified conditions. GS explosive devices . bombs (ordnance) RT ammunition B-1 aircraft bombing equipment # bombs explosives incendiary ammunition missiles nuclear weapons projectiles pyrotechnics shaped charges torpedoes warheads bombs (pressure gages) USE pressure gages bombs (samplers) USE samplers Bonanza aircraft USE C-35 aircraft bond graphs GS charts . graphs (charts) . . bond graphs RT control systems design differential equations dynamic models mathematical models # mathematics simulation systems analysis systems engineering Bond number (added December 1999) DEF Dimensionless number representing the ratio between gravitational force and the surface tension of a bubble, drop, or meniscus. GS dimensionless numbers . Bond number RT drops (liquids) gravitational effects interfacial tension menisci bonded joints (added March 1993) UF bondlines GS joints (junctions) . bonded joints RT adhesive bonding bonding rocket engine cases rocket linings scarf joints soldered joints solid propellant rocket engines welded joints bonding DEF Specifically, a system of connections between all metal parts of an aircraft or other structure forming a continuous electrical unit and preventing jumping or arching of static electricity. Glueing or cementing together for structural strength. GS bonding . adhesive bonding . agglutination . ceramic bonding . explosive welding . inertia bonding . metal bonding . . metal-metal bonding . reaction bonding . resin bonding RT adhesion adhesion tests beam leads binding bonded joints cementation chemical bonds cohesion cold welding debonding (materials) diffusion welding # joining joints (junctions) laminates laser welding sealing soldering superplastic forming welding bondlines USE bonded joints Bondoc meteorite GS celestial bodies . meteorites . . stony meteorites . . . achondrites . . . . Bondoc meteorite bone demineralization GS demineralizing . bone demineralization diseases . bone demineralization RT biological effects # biology bones hindlimb suspension osteoblasts osteoporosis physiological effects physiology weightlessness bone marrow GS tissues (biology) . connective tissue . . bone marrow RT bones cancer erythrocytes hematopoiesis hematopoietic system leukemias leukocytes bone mineral content UF BMC GS content . bone mineral content RT bioengineering # biology biometrics bones calcium carbonates calcium phosphates collagens minerals osteoblasts osteoporosis bones GS anatomy . musculoskeletal system . . bones . . . femur . . . pelvis . . . scapula . . . skull . . . . cranium . . . . intracranial cavity . . . . mastoids . . . spine . . . vertebrae . . . sternum . . . tibia . . . ulna RT arthritis bone demineralization bone marrow bone mineral content calcification cartilage chin connective tissue exoskeletons joints (anatomy) lamella osteoblasts osteoporosis spinal cord splints Bonne projection DEF A type of conical map projection in which meridians are plotted as curves and the parallels are spaced along them at true distances. RT mapping maps # projection Boolean algebra DEF The study of the manipulation of symbols representing operations according to the rules of logic. Boolean algebra corresponds to an algebra using only the numbers 0 and 1, therefore can be used in programming digital computers which operate on the binary principle. GS mathematical logic . lattices (mathematics) . . Boolean algebra . . . Boolean functions RT algebra # conjunction instruction sets (computers) # logic set theory switching theory transistor logic # unions Boolean functions GS functions (mathematics) . Boolean functions mathematical logic . lattices (mathematics) . . Boolean algebra . . . Boolean functions # boom SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT booms (equipment) sonic booms tail assemblies booms (equipment) GS positioning devices (machinery) . booms (equipment) RT# boom cranes boost USE acceleration (physics) booster recovery RT expendable stages (spacecraft) recoverable launch vehicles # recovery recovery parachutes spacecraft recovery booster rocket engines UF rocket boosters GS engines . rocket engines . . booster rocket engines . . . AJ-10 engine . . . Algol engine . . . apogee boost motors . . . H-1 engine . . . LR-87-AJ-5 engine . . . M-1 engine . . . M-55 engine . . . MA-2 engine . . . MA-3 engine . . . MA-5 engine . . . Nike booster rocket engines . . . P-1 engine . . . rocket engine 9KS-11000 . . . Space Shuttle Boosters . . . . Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (STS) . . . X-405 engine RT air breathing boosters Blue Goose missile # boosters burnout ducted rocket engines expendable stages (spacecraft) F-1 rocket engine hybrid propellant rocket engines internal combustion engines launch vehicles liftoff (launching) liquid propellant rocket engines Mace missiles nuclear engine for rocket vehicles nuclear rocket engines oxygen-hydrocarbon rocket engines recoverable spacecraft solid propellant rocket engines spinning solid upper stage stage separation sustainer rocket engines turborocket engines TX-354 engine # booster rockets SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT launch vehicles # boosters SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT air breathing boosters amplifiers apogee boost motors booster rocket engines boosters (explosives) launch vehicles Scout project Space Shuttle Boosters Titan project boosters (explosives) GS explosive devices . initiators (explosives) . . boosters (explosives) igniters . initiators (explosives) . . boosters (explosives) RT# boosters exploding wires boostglide vehicles DEF Vehicles designed to glide in the atmosphere following a rocket-powered phase. Portions of the flights may be ballistic, out of the atmosphere. GS gliders . boostglide vehicles . . X-20 aircraft reentry vehicles . boostglide vehicles . . X-20 aircraft RT aerospace planes # aircraft Astro vehicle gliding hypersonic aircraft hypersonic gliders lifting reentry vehicles manned spacecraft recoverable spacecraft rocket planes # vehicles boots (footwear) GS clothing . boots (footwear) RT shoes Boral GS composite materials . Boral composite structures . laminates . . Boral RT aluminum boron carbides radiation shielding boranes GS boron compounds . boron hydrides . . boranes . . . carborane . . . hydrazine borane . . . pentaboranes hydrogen compounds . hydrides . . boron hydrides . . . boranes . . . . carborane . . . . hydrazine borane . . . . pentaboranes RT borohydrides borates GS boron compounds . borates . . lithium borates RT boric acids # oxygen compounds Borazon (trademark) USE boron nitrides borders RT boundaries margins rims Bordoni peaks RT elastic deformation plastic deformation resonant frequencies stress relaxation boredom RT detachment human behavior human reactions lethargy monotony psychological effects psychology space flight stress boreholes DEF Holes made by drilling into the ground to study stratification, to search for or to obtain natural resources, or to release underground pressures. RT cavities clays drilling excavation exploration geology gravels # holes minerals pits (excavations) rocks shales soils Borel sets GS analysis (mathematics) . real variables . . measure and integration . . . Borel sets mathematical logic . set theory . . Borel sets RT probability theory bores USE cavities borescopes USE endoscopes boresight error DEF Linear displacement between two parallel lines of sight. GS errors . position errors . . boresight error RT air navigation boresights directional antennas displacement displacement measurement error analysis instrument errors line of sight communication navigation instruments optical tracking range errors boresights RT boresight error directional antennas optical tracking boric acids GS acids . boric acids boron compounds . boric acids RT borates borides GS boron compounds . borides . . chromium borides . . titanium borides RT intermetallics boring machines GS tools . machine tools . . boring machines RT drills # machinery Born approximation UF Born-Mayer equation GS analysis (mathematics) . numerical analysis . . approximation . . . Born approximation RT# equations quantum mechanics scattering cross sections Born-Infeld theory RT electrodynamics electrostatics Maxwell equation nonlinear equations # theories Born-Mayer equation USE Born approximation Born-Oppenheimer approximation GS analysis (mathematics) . numerical analysis . . approximation . . . Born-Oppenheimer approximation RT Franck-Condon principle borohydrides GS boron compounds . borohydrides . . aluminum borohydrides . . beryllium borohydrides hydrogen compounds . hydrides . . borohydrides . . . aluminum borohydrides . . . beryllium borohydrides RT boranes boron hydrides boron GS chemical elements . metalloids . . boron . . . boron isotopes . . . . boron 10 RT boron reinforced materials Borsic (tradename) boron 10 GS chemical elements . metalloids . . boron . . . boron isotopes . . . . boron 10 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . boron isotopes . . . . boron 10 boron alloys GS alloys . boron alloys RT metalloids boron carbides GS boron compounds . boron carbides carbon compounds . carbides . . boron carbides RT Boral ceramic fibers boron chlorides GS boron compounds . boron chlorides halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorides . . . boron chlorides . halides . . chlorides . . . boron chlorides boron compounds GS boron compounds . borates . . lithium borates . boric acids . borides . . chromium borides . . titanium borides . borohydrides . . aluminum borohydrides . . beryllium borohydrides . boron carbides . boron chlorides . boron fluorides . boron hydrides . . aluminum borohydrides . . beryllium borohydrides . . boranes . . . carborane . . . hydrazine borane . . . pentaboranes . boron nitrides . boron oxides . boron phosphides . diborane . organic boron compounds . tourmaline RT# chemical compounds # Group 3A compounds high energy fuels metal fuels metal propellants boron fibers DEF Fibers produced by vapor deposition methods; used in various composite materials to impart a balance of strength and stiffness. GS fibers . reinforcing fibers . . boron fibers RT aluminum boron composites Borsic (tradename) carbon fibers composite materials fiber composites fiber orientation fiber strength # filaments glass fibers metal matrix composites polymer matrix composites reinforced plastics boron fluorides UF boron trifluoride GS boron compounds . boron fluorides halogen compounds . fluorine compounds . . fluorides . . . boron fluorides . halides . . fluorides . . . boron fluorides boron hydrides GS boron compounds . boron hydrides . . aluminum borohydrides . . beryllium borohydrides . . boranes . . . carborane . . . hydrazine borane . . . pentaboranes hydrogen compounds . hydrides . . boron hydrides . . . aluminum borohydrides . . . beryllium borohydrides . . . boranes . . . carborane . . . . hydrazine borane . . . . pentaboranes RT borohydrides boron isotopes GS chemical elements . metalloids . . boron . . . boron isotopes . . . . boron 10 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . boron isotopes . . . . boron 10 boron nitrides UF Borazon (trademark) GS boron compounds . boron nitrides nitrogen compounds . nitrides . . boron nitrides RT carbon nitrides boron oxides GS boron compounds . boron oxides chalcogenides . oxides . . boron oxides boron phosphides GS boron compounds . boron phosphides phosphorus compounds . phosphides . . boron phosphides boron reinforced materials GS composite materials . boron reinforced materials . . aluminum boron composites . . boron-epoxy composites RT boron ceramic matrix composites epoxy resins fiber composites fibers # materials plastics reinforced plastics reinforcing fibers boron trifluoride USE boron fluorides boron-epoxy composites GS composite materials . boron reinforced materials . . boron-epoxy composites . polymer matrix composites . . epoxy matrix composites . . . boron-epoxy composites . resin matrix composites . . boron-epoxy composites RT aircraft structures # chemical compounds composite structures epoxy resins fiber composites laminates plastic aircraft structures spacecraft components superhybrid materials borosilicate glass DEF Low expansion heat resistant glass. Used for Pyrex (trademark). UF Pyrex (trademark) GS glass . borosilicate glass RT glassware honeycomb mirrors silicon dioxide Borsic (tradename) DEF Trademark of United Aircraft Products, Inc. for its boron aluminum composite materials. GS composite materials . metal matrix composites . . Borsic (tradename) RT aluminum boron boron fibers fiber composites # materials metal fibers metals Bose geometry GS geometry . Bose geometry RT equations of state Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem codes USE BCH codes Bose-Einstein condensates (added February 1996) GS condensates . Bose-Einstein condensates RT bosons condensed matter physics ideal gas relativistic effects superfluidity Bose-Einstein statistics USE quantum statistics Bosnia USE Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina (added June 1996) UF Bosnia Herzegovina GS nations . Bosnia and Herzegovina RT Croatia Europe Serbska Republic Yugoslavia boson fields RT field theory (physics) # fields mesons bosons GS particles . elementary particles . . bosons . . . alpha particles . . . Higgs bosons . . . mesons . . . . eta-mesons . . . . hyperons . . . . . xi hyperons . . . . kaons . . . . meson resonance . . . . . X mesons . . . . muons . . . . omega-mesons . . . . pions . . . . vector mesons . . . . . rho-mesons . . . . . sigma-mesons . . . photons . . . xi hyperons . nuclear particles . . bosons . . . alpha particles . . . Higgs bosons . . . mesons . . . . eta-mesons . . . . hyperons . . . . . xi hyperons . . . . kaons . . . . meson resonance . . . . . X mesons . . . . muons . . . . omega-mesons . . . . pions . . . . vector mesons . . . . . rho-mesons . . . . . sigma-mesons . . . photons . . . xi hyperons RT Bose-Einstein condensates charged particles Fermi-Dirac statistics quantum statistics standard model (particle physics) string theory supersymmetry botany GS botany . geobotany RT agriculture alfalfa barley biogeochemistry # biology blight brown wave effect brush (botany) chaparral citrus trees corn farm crops fruits green wave effect habitats hay leguminous plants oats plants (botany) # science silviculture sugar beets sugar cane tomatoes vegetation growth vineyards # zoology Botswana GS nations . Botswana RT Africa Republic of South Africa bottles RT# containers flasks glassware tanks (containers) Bouguer law DEF A relationship describing the rate of decrease of flux density of a plane-parallel beam of monochromatic radiation as it penetrates a medium which both scatters and absorbs at that wavelength. Used for Lambert law. UF Lambert law RT absorptivity Beer law electromagnetic absorption thermoplasticity boules GS crystals . boules RT single crystals boundaries UF peripheries GS boundaries . core-mantle boundary . fluid boundaries . . gas-solid interfaces . . jet boundaries . . liquid-liquid interfaces . . liquid-solid interfaces . . liquid-vapor interfaces . antiphase boundaries . free boundaries . grain boundaries RT airspace borders boundary conditions circumferences contour sensors delineation fences (barriers) interfaces regions boundary conditions (added July 1990) GS conditions . boundary conditions . . perfectly matched layers RT boundaries boundary element method boundary layers boundary value problems Trefftz method vortex lattice method boundary detection (imagery) USE edge detection boundary element method DEF Technique for solving two- and three-dimensional boundary value problems in thermodynamics, mechanics, etc. GS analysis (mathematics) . numerical analysis . . approximation . . . boundary element method . . . . Trefftz method RT boundary conditions stress analysis boundary integral method DEF Technique related to the boundary element method, and used for laminar and turbulent flow problems. GS analysis (mathematics) . numerical analysis . . boundary integral method procedures . boundary integral method RT boundary value problems # methodology boundary layer combustion GS combustion . boundary layer combustion RT boundary layers combustible flow convective heat transfer diffusion flames flame propagation laminar boundary layer reacting flow boundary layer control UF laminar flow control GS boundary layer control . porous boundary layer control RT aerodynamics airfoil fences # bleeding blowing boundary layers buffeting circulation control airfoils # control control surfaces drag devices fluid amplifiers flutter jet control leading edge slats lift augmentation lift devices riblets spoilers tangential blowing turbulence upper surface blown flaps vacuum vortex generators wing slots X-21 aircraft boundary layer equations GS flow equations . boundary layer equations . . Blasius equation RT boundary layers differential equations # equations flow theory Reynolds averaging boundary layer flow GS fluid flow . viscous flow . . boundary layer flow . . . reattached flow . . . secondary flow . . . separated flow . . . . boundary layer separation RT air currents atmospheric boundary layer backward facing steps Blasius equation boundary layer thickness convective heat transfer flow distribution forward facing steps Lighthill gas model Magnus effect recirculative fluid flow Reynolds number stagnation flow stagnation point Tollmien-Schlichting waves wall flow boundary layer noise USE aerodynamic noise boundary layers boundary layer plasmas DEF Plasmas resulting from the frictional heat of hypersonic spacecraft entering the Earth's atmosphere. GS particles . charged particles . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . boundary layer plasmas . corpuscular radiation . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . boundary layer plasmas RT aerodynamic heating aerothermodynamics boundary layers hypersonic reentry plasma physics plasma sheaths boundary layer separation UF breakaway flow separation laminar boundary layer separation GS fluid flow . viscous flow . . boundary layer flow . . . separated flow . . . . boundary layer separation RT aerodynamic stalling airspeed angle of attack boundary layers Crocco-Lee theory # diffusers Falkner-Skan equation flow distribution injection Kutta-Joukowski condition lift drag ratio reattached flow recirculative fluid flow reversed flow rotating stalls # separation stagnation flow # stalling sweep angle vortex generators zero lift boundary layer stability GS dynamic characteristics . dynamic stability . . motion stability . . . flow stability . . . . boundary layer stability . flow characteristics . . flow stability . . . boundary layer stability stability . dynamic stability . . motion stability . . . flow stability . . . . boundary layer stability RT aerodynamic stability backwash boundary layers Goertler instability Reynolds number boundary layer thickness (added September 1995) SN (LIMITED TO FLUID DYNAMICS, DO NOT USE FOR PLANETARY OR CORE MANTLE BOUNDARIES) GS thickness . boundary layer thickness RT boundary layer flow flow distribution pressure gradients surface layers transition flow boundary layer transition RT air currents boundary layers Ekman layer Goertler instability Knudsen flow laminar boundary layer laminar flow molecular flow Reynolds number three dimensional boundary layer Tollmien-Schlichting waves # transition transition flow # transition layers transition points turbulence turbulent boundary layer turbulent flow boundary layers UF boundary layer noise GS boundary layers . atmospheric boundary layer . compressible boundary layer . hypersonic boundary layer . incompressible boundary layer . laminar boundary layer . planetary boundary layer . supersonic boundary layers . thermal boundary layer . three dimensional boundary layer . turbulent boundary layer . two dimensional boundary layer RT asthenosphere boundary conditions boundary layer combustion boundary layer control boundary layer equations boundary layer plasmas boundary layer separation boundary layer stability boundary layer transition core-mantle boundary Crocco method # draft drag fluid boundaries fluid flow gas-solid interfaces # layers liquid-liquid interfaces liquid-solid interfaces mixing layers (fluids) panel method (fluid dynamics) shear layers surface layers wall pressure boundary lubrication GS lubrication . boundary lubrication RT bearings lubricants squeeze films vapor phase lubrication wear resistance boundary value problems DEF Physical problems completely specified by a differential equation in an unknown, valid in a certain region of space, and certain information (boundary condition) about the unknown, given on the boundaries of that region. The information required to determine the solution depends completely and uniquely on the particular problem. Used for initial value problems and point matching method (mathematics). UF initial value problems point matching method (mathematics) GS boundary value problems . Cauchy problem . Dirichlet problem . Neumann problem RT Bessel functions boundary conditions boundary integral method counter rotation Crank-Nicholson method differential equations finite element method finite volume method half planes half spaces Hankel functions ill-posed problems (mathematics) Lame functions Mathieu function minimal surfaces Monge-Ampere equation observability (systems) # problems Sobolev space three dimensional bodies Trefftz method Bourdon tubes GS transducers . pressure sensors . . Bourdon tubes RT pressure gages pressure measurement # tubes Boussinesq approximation DEF The assumption (frequently used in the theory of convection) that the fluid is incompressible except insofar as the thermal expansion produces a buoyancy. RT convection heat transfer incompressible fluids perturbation theory thermal expansion bow shock waves USE shock waves bow waves DEF Shock waves in front of a body, such as an airfoil, or apparently attached to the forward tip of the body. RT hypersonic wakes Mach cones magnetosheath shock waves surface waves # bows SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT bending camber forebodies heaving box beams GS structural members . beams (supports) . . box beams RT# boxes cantilever beams girders rectangular beams # boxes SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT box beams boxes (containers) boxes (containers) RT# boxes # buckets cases (containers) # containers packages BPSK USE binary phase shift keying brackets RT anchors (fasteners) fasteners fixtures holders mounting bradycardia GS rates (per time) . heart rate . . bradycardia signs and symptoms . bradycardia RT heart diseases Bragg angle DEF The angle between the incident beam and the lattice planes considered. GS geometry . Euclidean geometry . . angles (geometry) . . . Bragg angle RT Bragg gratings Bragg reflectors crystallography DBR lasers diffraction diffraction paths electron diffraction isotropy # orientation # physical properties radiography Bragg cells (added September 1988) GS modulators . Bragg cells RT acousto-optics amplitude modulation crystal optics light beams light modulation phase demodulators phase modulation ultrasonic light modulation Bragg curve DEF A curve showing the average specific ionization of an ionizing particle of a particular kind as a function of its kinetic energy, velocity, or residual range. RT biological effects nuclear reactions particle interactions radiation effects Bragg gratings (added August 1997) GS gratings (spectra) . Bragg gratings RT Bragg angle Bragg reflectors interferometers optical fibers optical filters Bragg mirrors USE Bragg reflectors Bragg reflectors (added August 1997) UF Bragg mirrors GS reflectors . Bragg reflectors RT Bragg angle Bragg gratings DBR lasers gallium arsenides mirrors semiconductor lasers braided composites (added November 1992) GS composite materials . fiber composites . . braided composites RT carbon fiber reinforced plastics epoxy matrix composites graphite-epoxy composites reinforcing fibers three dimensional composites woven composites braille DEF A system of writing that uses characters made up of raised dots. It was named after Louis Braille. RT blindness embossing brain GS anatomy . nervous system . . central nervous system . . . brain . . . . brain stem . . . . cerebellum . . . . cerebral ventricles . . . . cerebrum . . . . cerebral cortex . . . . . occipital lobes . . . . diencephalon . . . . . hypothalamus . . . . . pineal gland . . . . . thalamus . . . . hippocampus RT angiography brain circulation brain damage cerebrospinal fluid echoencephalography electroencephalography encephalitis head (anatomy) information processing (biology) intracranial pressure neuroglia neurology pituitary gland psychiatry psychology rheoencephalography spinal cord brain circulation GS circulation . blood circulation . . brain circulation RT brain rheoencephalography brain damage GS injuries . brain damage RT brain brain stem GS anatomy . nervous system . . central nervous system . . . brain . . . . brain stem # brakes SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT brakes (for arresting motion) brakes (forming or bending) brakes (for arresting motion) UF decelerators dragulators GS brakes (for arresting motion) . aerodynamic brakes . . ballutes . . drag chutes . . split flaps . . wing flaps . . . leading edge flaps . . . leading edge slats . . . trailing edge flaps . . . vortex flaps . aircraft brakes . . split flaps . . wing flaps . . . leading edge flaps . . . leading edge slats . . . trailing edge flaps . . . vortex flaps . wheel brakes RT abort apparatus antiskid devices # arresters arresting gear # brakes braking cylindrical chambers drag devices flaps (control surfaces) landing gear nose wheels parachutes retarders (devices) thrust reversal towed bodies vehicle wheels wheels brakes (forming or bending) RT# brakes metal working braking RT brakes (for arresting motion) deceleration eddy currents retarders (devices) retarding thrust reversal branching (mathematics) DEF The appearance of a new solution of a mathematical equation at some critical value of a parameter, as a result of which there may be more than one solution (different branches) of the equation. Used for bifurcation (mathematics) UF bifurcation (mathematics) GS branching (mathematics) . period doubling RT chaos functions (mathematics) # logic mathematical logic set theory switching theory branching (physics) RT bifurcation (biology) # physics brasses GS alloys . copper alloys . . brasses Bravais crystals GS crystals . Bravais crystals RT crystal growth crystal lattices crystal structure packing density single crystals Brayton cycle DEF A thermodynamic cycle consisting of two constant-pressure processes interspersed with two constant-antropy cycles. Named after George B. Brayton, American engineer. GS cycles . thermodynamic cycles . . Brayton cycle RT gas turbine engines gas turbines Rankine cycle solar dynamic power systems Brazil GS nations . Brazil RT Amazon region (South America) Brazilian space program South America Brazilian space program DEF The space program of Brazil which is under the jurisdiction of the Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). GS programs . space programs . . Brazilian space program RT Brazil brazing GS welding . fusion welding . . gas welding . . . brazing . . . . low temperature brazing RT fluxes # joining metal bonding sealing soldering ultrasonic soldering Brazzaville USE Congo (Brazzaville) breadboard models DEF Assemblies of preliminary circuits or parts used to prove the feasibility of a device, circuit, system, or principle without regard to the final configuration or packaging of the parts. GS models . breadboard models RT circuits printed circuits product development prototypes breakaway USE boundary layer separation # breakdown SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT classifications electrical faults failure gaps metal working system failures breakers (electric) USE circuit breakers breaking RT destruction fragmentation # separation breakup (spacecraft) USE spacecraft breakup breakwaters DEF Offshore structures (such as moles, walls, or jetties) that by breaking the force of waves, protect harbors, anchorages, beaches, or shore areas. Used for jetties and sea walls. UF jetties sea walls RT concrete structures harbors littoral drift littoral transport oceanography structural design # structures underwater engineering underwater structures water waves # waves # breathing SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT argon-oxygen atmospheres breathing apparatus breathing vibration emergency breathing techniques expiration helium-oxygen atmospheres high altitude breathing hypercapnia hyperpnea oxygen breathing respiration respiratory reflexes breathing apparatus GS breathing apparatus . oxygen masks . underwater breathing apparatus RT# breathing # equipment fire fighting life support systems oxygen supply equipment portable life support systems respirators breathing vibration GS vibration . structural vibration . . breathing vibration RT bending vibration # breathing exhausting missile vibration venting breccia GS rocks . breccia RT ataxite igneous rocks regolith sedimentary rocks soils breeder reactors GS nuclear reactors . breeder reactors . . Experimental Breeder Reactor 1 . . Experimental Breeder Reactor 2 . . light water breeder reactors . . liquid metal fast breeder reactors RT Enrico Fermi atomic power plant nuclear power reactors breeding (reproduction) RT fertility genetics heredity reproduction (biology) Breguet 940 aircraft GS Breguet aircraft . Breguet 940 aircraft monoplanes . Breguet 940 aircraft research vehicles . research aircraft . . Breguet 940 aircraft V/STOL aircraft . short takeoff aircraft . . Breguet 940 aircraft RT# aircraft Breguet 941 aircraft GS Breguet aircraft . Breguet 941 aircraft jet aircraft . turboprop aircraft . . Breguet 941 aircraft monoplanes . Breguet 941 aircraft passenger aircraft . Breguet 941 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . Breguet 941 aircraft V/STOL aircraft . short takeoff aircraft . . Breguet 941 aircraft RT# aircraft Breguet 1150 aircraft UF Atlantic aircraft GS antisubmarine warfare aircraft . Breguet 1150 aircraft attack aircraft . Breguet 1150 aircraft Breguet aircraft . Breguet 1150 aircraft jet aircraft . turboprop aircraft . . Breguet 1150 aircraft monoplanes . Breguet 1150 aircraft reconnaissance aircraft . Breguet 1150 aircraft RT# aircraft Breguet aircraft GS Breguet aircraft . Breguet 940 aircraft . Breguet 941 aircraft . Breguet 1150 aircraft RT# aircraft Jaguar aircraft bremsstrahlung DEF Electromagnetic radiation produced by the rapid change in the velocity of an electron or another fast, charged particle as it approaches an atomic nucleus and is deflected by it. In German it means braking radiation. GS electromagnetic radiation . bremsstrahlung RT Cerenkov radiation diffraction radiation electron photon cascades electron radiation far ultraviolet radiation gamma ray bursts gamma rays nuclear radiation relativistic plasmas synchrotron radiation x rays Brewster angle GS geometry . Euclidean geometry . . angles (geometry) . . . Brewster angle RT polarization characteristics reflection refractivity bricks DEF Solid masonry units of clay or shale, usually formed into a rectangular prism while plastic and burned or fired in a kiln. Bricks are ceramic products. GS masonry . bricks RT cements ceramics clays # construction materials mortars (material) # bridges SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT bridges (landforms) bridges (structures) electric bridges liquid bridges bridges (landforms) GS landforms . bridges (landforms) RT# bridges geology # ridges bridges (structures) RT# bridges construction construction industry crossings crossovers highways ramps (structures) # structures towers Bridgman method RT crystal growth # methodology single crystals brightness DEF The attribute of visual perception in accordance with which an area appears to emit more or less light. GS electromagnetic properties . optical properties . . brightness . . . sky brightness RT bistatic reflectivity brightness distribution color dimming emissivity flux (rate) glare human factors engineering illuminance illuminating incandescence # intensity light (visible radiation) limb brightening luminance luminescence luminosity luminous intensity luster radiance radiant flux density reflectance stellar luminosity visibility vision brightness discrimination GS discrimination . sensory discrimination . . brightness discrimination RT# illumination visual perception brightness distribution DEF The statistical distribution based on brightness, or the distribution of brightness over the surface of an object. GS distribution (property) . brightness distribution electromagnetic properties . optical properties . . brightness distribution statistical distributions . brightness distribution RT astrophysics black body radiation brightness brightness temperature # distribution galactic radiation photography radiant flux density radio astronomy solar granulation stellar luminosity brightness temperature DEF In astrophysics, the temperature of a black body radiating the same amount of energy per unit area at the wavelengths under consideration as the observed body. The temperature of a nonblack body determined by measurement with an optical pyrometer. GS temperature . brightness temperature RT astrophysics black body radiation brightness distribution limb brightening meteorology photography radio astronomy temperature measurement Brillouin effect RT# effects frequency shift light scattering monochromatic radiation Brillouin flow GS electric current . Brillouin flow RT beam currents electron beams electron optics # flow traveling wave tubes Brillouin zones GS regions . Brillouin zones RT band structure of solids conduction bands crystal lattices Fermi surfaces free electrons Brillouin-Wigner equation RT# equations brines DEF Water saturated or strongly impregnated with common salt. RT coolants refrigerants salinity salt baths salt beds sea water Brinkman number (added July 2001) DEF A dimensionless number expressing the ratio of viscous heating to convective heat transfer rates through the flow boundary. GS dimensionless numbers . Brinkman number ratios . Brinkman number RT channel flow convective heat transfer Couette flow Nusselt number viscous flow wall temperature briquets RT blanks pellets tablets Bristol-Siddeley BS 53 engine UF Pegasus engine GS engines . air breathing engines . . gas turbine engines . . . jet engines . . . . turbojet engines . . . . . turbofan engines . . . . . Bristol-Siddeley BS 53 engine . internal combustion engines . . gas turbine engines . . . jet engines . . . . turbojet engines . . . . . turbofan engines . . . . . Bristol-Siddeley BS 53 engine . turbine engines . . gas turbine engines . . . jet engines . . . . turbojet engines . . . . . turbofan engines . . . . . Bristol-Siddeley BS 53 engine RT P-1127 aircraft Bristol-Siddeley Olympus 593 engine GS engines . air breathing engines . . gas turbine engines . . . jet engines . . . . turbojet engines . . . . Bristol-Siddeley Olympus 593 engine . internal combustion engines . . gas turbine engines . . . jet engines . . . . turbojet engines . . . . Bristol-Siddeley Olympus 593 engine . turbine engines . . gas turbine engines . . . jet engines . . . . turbojet engines . . . . Bristol-Siddeley Olympus 593 engine Bristol-Siddeley Viper engine GS engines . air breathing engines . . gas turbine engines . . . jet engines . . . . turbojet engines . . . . Bristol-Siddeley Viper engine . internal combustion engines . . gas turbine engines . . . jet engines . . . . turbojet engines . . . . Bristol-Siddeley Viper engine . turbine engines . . gas turbine engines . . . jet engines . . . . turbojet engines . . . . Bristol-Siddeley Viper engine British Aircraft Corp aircraft USE BAC aircraft British Columbia GS nations . Canada . . British Columbia British Guinea USE Guyana British Honduras USE Belize brittle materials RT cleavage cracking (fracturing) embrittlement fracture strength granular materials hardness impact strength # materials porous materials brittle-ductile transition USE ductile-brittle transition brittleness GS mechanical properties . brittleness RT Charpy impact test cleavage cold hardening crack closure crack initiation crack propagation cracking (fracturing) ductile-brittle transition ductility embrittlement fractography fracture strength fracturing hardness impact strength impact tests notch strength notch tests toughness weldability broadband UF wideband GS bandwidth . broadband frequencies . broadband RT asynchronous transfer mode # bands frequency response log periodic antennas narrowband spiral antennas broadband amplifiers GS amplifiers . broadband amplifiers RT bandwidth frequencies wideband communication broadcasting UF radio broadcasting GS telecommunication . broadcasting RT communication networks direct broadcast satellites radio communication radio equipment radio signals radio transmission Symphonie satellites transmission Voice of America broken symmetry DEF Phenomena where a loss of symmetry is present such as in piezoelectricity. Used for symmetry breaking. UF symmetry breaking GS symmetry . broken symmetry RT grand unified theory Higgs bosons mathematical models supergravity supersymmetry theoretical physics bromates GS halogen compounds . bromine compounds . . bromates RT# oxygen compounds bromides GS halogen compounds . bromine compounds . . bromides . . . ammonium bromides . . . cesium bromides . . . chromium bromides . . . dibromides . . . hydrobromic acid . . . hydrobromides . . . magnesium bromides . . . potassium bromides . . . silver bromides . . . sodium bromides . . . strontium bromides . halides . . bromides . . . ammonium bromides . . . cesium bromides . . . chromium bromides . . . dibromides . . . hydrobromic acid . . . hydrobromides . . . magnesium bromides . . . potassium bromides . . . silver bromides . . . sodium bromides . . . strontium bromides RT salt beds bromination GS chemical reactions . halogenation . . bromination bromine GS chemical elements . halogens . . bromine . . . bromine isotopes bromine 82 USE bromine isotopes bromine 87 USE bromine isotopes bromine compounds GS halogen compounds . bromine compounds . . bromates . . bromides . . . ammonium bromides . . . cesium bromides . . . chromium bromides . . . dibromides . . . hydrobromic acid . . . hydrobromides . . . magnesium bromides . . . potassium bromides . . . silver bromides . . . sodium bromides . . . strontium bromides . . halon RT# chemical compounds halocarbons polybrominated biphenyls bromine isotopes UF bromine 82 bromine 87 GS chemical elements . halogens . . bromine . . . bromine isotopes . nuclides . . isotopes . . . bromine isotopes bronchi UF bronchial tubes GS anatomy . respiratory system . . bronchi RT lungs trachea # tubes bronchial tubes USE bronchi bronzes GS alloys . copper alloys . . bronzes Brorsen-Metcalf comet (added May 1991) GS celestial bodies . comets . . Brorsen-Metcalf comet RT solar system broths RT# food nutrition brown dwarf stars (added March 1989) GS celestial bodies . stars . . brown dwarf stars RT companion stars cool stars dwarf stars massive compact halo objects protostars stellar evolution brown wave effect RT annual variations botany chlorophylls # effects foliage leaves Brownian movements RT colloids dispersions Einstein equations emulsions Fokker-Planck equation # motion # suspensions Bruceton test USE statistical tests brucite GS chalcogenides . oxides . . brucite magnesium compounds . brucite minerals . brucite Bruderheim meteorite GS celestial bodies . meteorites . . stony meteorites . . . chondrites . . . . Bruderheim meteorite Brunei GS nations . Brunei RT Asia Brunt-Vaisala frequency DEF The frequency at which an air parcel will oscillate when subjected to an infinitesimal peturbation in a stably stratified atmosphere. GS constraints . meteorological parameters . . Brunt-Vaisala frequency frequencies . Brunt-Vaisala frequency RT air currents air flow air masses atmospheric circulation atmospheric physics atmospheric stratification oscillations brush (botany) UF scrubs (botany) GS plants (botany) . brush (botany) . . chaparral RT botany defoliation Earth resources guayule herbicides brush seals (added July 1991) GS seals (stoppers) . brush seals RT leakage brushes GS brushes . brushes (electrical contacts) RT electric contacts electric generators electric motors brushes (electrical contacts) DEF Conductive metal or carbon blocks used to make sliding electrical contact with a moving part as in an electric motor. GS brushes . brushes (electrical contacts) RT electric contacts electric generators electric motors Bryophytes UF liverworts mosses GS plants (botany) . Bryophytes BSCCO superconductors (added March 1993) UF Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors GS chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . mixed oxides . . . . BSCCO superconductors conductors . superconductors (materials) . . high temperature superconductors . . . BSCCO superconductors RT bismuth oxides calcium oxides copper oxides cuprates strontium oxides superconducting films BSX GS explosives . BSX RT nitromethane bubble chambers DEF Devices used for the detection and study of elementary particles and nuclear reactions. Charged particles from an accelerator are introduced into a superheated liquid, each forming a trail of bubbles along its path. GS ionization chambers . bubble chambers RT# chambers cloud chambers elementary particles particle trajectories radiation counters spark chambers bubble memory devices GS computer components . computer storage devices . . bubble memory devices magnetic storage . bubble memory devices RT binary data core storage data processing data recorders data recording data storage magnetic cores magnetic domains magnetic recording magnetic switching bubble technique GS technologies . bubble technique RT data recorders electronic equipment flight instruments # instruments magnetic domains onboard equipment recording instruments semiconductor devices solid state devices spacecraft instruments bubbles DEF Internal voids or trapped globules of air or other gas. RT aeration cavitation flow Coanda effect effervescence foams metal foams thermocapillary migration wakes Buccaneer aircraft UF B-103 aircraft Blackburn B-103 aircraft GS attack aircraft . Buccaneer aircraft Hawker Siddeley aircraft . Buccaneer aircraft jet aircraft . Buccaneer aircraft monoplanes . Buccaneer aircraft RT# aircraft Harrier aircraft bucket brigade devices GS electronic equipment . solid state devices . . semiconductor devices . . . charge transfer devices . . . . bucket brigade devices RT charge coupled devices semiconductors (materials) # buckets SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT boxes (containers) # capsules drums (containers) trays turbomachine blades buckeye aircraft USE T-2 aircraft buckling DEF An unstable state of equilibrium of a thin-walled body stemming from compressive stresses in walls. The lateral deflection of a thin-walled body resulting from such instability. GS buckling . creep buckling . elastic buckling . Euler buckling . thermal buckling RT bending collapse compression loads deformation distortion Donnell equations failure failure modes flange wrinkling heaving kink bands kinking # ridges shell stability stresses structural failure structural strain temperature inversions torsion twisting warpage wrinkling buckminsterfullerene (added August 1991) DEF A form of solid carbon consisting of a somewhat disordered hexagonal close packing of soccer-ball-shaped C60 molecules. The molecules are extremely hard pseudospherical molecules bonded by weak Van der Waals forces. GS fullerenes . buckminsterfullerene RT carbon graphite molecules polyatomic molecules polyhedrons budgeting RT accounting allocations appropriations # budgets cost analysis cost effectiveness cost estimates economic factors estimating financial management forecasting grants income mission planning planning procurement management project planning revenue # budgets SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT budgeting Earth radiation budget energy budgets engineering management federal budgets foreign policy heat budget procurement management research management Buffalo aircraft USE DHC 5 aircraft buffer storage DEF In computer operations, storage used to compensate for a difference in rate of flow or time of occurrence when transferring information from one device to another. GS computer components . computer storage devices . . buffer storage RT# buffers core storage data storage # storage # buffers SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT buffer storage buffers (chemistry) buffers (chemistry) RT bases (chemical) # buffers chemical equilibrium neutralizers pH buffeting DEF The beating of an aerodynamic structure or surfaces by unsteady flow, gusts, etc.; the irregular shaking or oscillation of a vehicle component owing to turbulent air or separated flow. RT aerodynamic stability aircraft stability boundary layer control compressibility effects flight characteristics flutter oscillating flow shaking spacecraft motion spacecraft stability Strouhal number turbulence effects vortex avoidance building materials USE construction materials building structures USE buildings buildings DEF Structures erected and framed of component structural members designed for the housing, shelter or support of persons, animals, or property. Used for building structures. UF building structures RT architecture basements ceilings (architecture) chimneys construction construction industry floors greenhouses hangars indoor air pollution inflatable structures missile silos museums roofs shelters solar houses stairways Starsite program walls bulbs RT luminaires plant roots pressure vessels syringes Bulgaria GS nations . Bulgaria RT Black Sea Europe bulging GS metal working . bulging RT deep drawing dimpling explosive forming forging hot working magnetic forming metal drawing stretch forming bulk acoustic wave devices DEF Acoustooptic devices utilizing bulk sound waves at megahertz frequencies in thin film transducers. Used for B-A-W devices. UF B-A-W devices RT# devices surface acoustic wave devices transducers bulk modulus DEF The reciprocal of the coefficient of compressibility. GS mechanical properties . bulk modulus RT compressibility density (mass/volume) bulkheads DEF Steep or vertical structures supporting natural or artificial embankments. GS walls . bulkheads RT# barriers end plates hulls (structures) partitions (structures) reinforcement (structures) thick walls thin walls Bullpup missiles GS missiles . air to surface missiles . . Bullpup missiles RT LR-62-RM-2 engine Bumblebee project GS missiles . Bumblebee project programs . projects . . Bumblebee project RT Talos missile tartar missile terrier missile Typhon weapon system bumpers RT cushions meteoroid protection meteoroids protectors bumpy toruses DEF The shapes (doughnuts) of certain plasmas. RT fusion reactors plasma control plasma heating tokamak devices toroidal plasmas Buna (trademark) GS elastomers . rubber . . synthetic rubbers . . . Buna (trademark) RT butadiene styrenes bunching GS bunching . electron bunching RT queueing theory space charge velocity modulation bundle drawing RT# drawing metal drawing bundles RT# containers packages umbilical connectors wiring bunkers (fuel) GS tanks (containers) . bunkers (fuel) RT fuel systems buoyancy RT acoustic levitation aerostatics ballast (mass) density (mass/volume) floating gas density levitation mechanical properties neutral buoyancy simulation # physical properties porosity Rayleigh number voids buoys RT beacons compasses floats # markers navigation aids ocean data acquisitions systems Buran space shuttle (added August 1989) GS manned spacecraft . space shuttles . . Buran space shuttle reentry vehicles . recoverable spacecraft . . reusable spacecraft . . . space shuttles . . . . Buran space shuttle soft landing spacecraft . Buran space shuttle Soviet spacecraft . Buran space shuttle RT aerospace planes U.S.S.R. space program bureaus (organizations) GS institutions . bureaus (organizations) organizations . federations . . bureaus (organizations) RT programs projects teams university program burettes GS measuring instruments . burettes RT glassware pipettes # tubes Burger equation GS analysis (mathematics) . real variables . . differential equations . . . partial differential equations . . . . Burger equation RT continuum mechanics # equations Navier-Stokes equation shock wave propagation Burkina UF Upper Volta GS nations . Burkina RT Africa Burma GS nations . Burma RT Asia burners RT afterburning chemical reactors combustion chambers diffusion welding fuel injection furnaces incinerators waste energy utilization Burnett equations (added March 1996) SN (These equations are frequently associated with models of hypersonic flow and shock waves.) GS equations of motion . kinetic equations . . hydrodynamic equations . . . Burnett equations flow equations . Burnett equations RT Boltzmann transport equation Chapman-Enskog theory computational fluid dynamics hypersonic flow shock waves burn-in RT failure failure analysis integrated circuits quality control burning USE combustion burning process USE combustion burning rate DEF The velocity at which a solid propellant in a rocket is consumed. The symbol is r. GS rates (per time) . burning rate RT burnout combustion combustion control combustion efficiency combustion stability explosives flame propagation flammability fuel consumption fuel-air ratio fuels pressure dependence propellant consumption propellant grains propellants smoldering solid propellant combustion solid propellant rocket engines solid rocket propellants velocity coupling burning time UF firing time GS time . burning time RT combustion combustion efficiency firing (igniting) flight optimization flight time rocket engines rocket firing testing time thrust windows (intervals) burnout SN (LIMITED TO TERMINATION OF COMBUSTION IN A ROCKET ENGINE BECAUSE OF EXHAUSTION OF THE PROPELLANT) DEF The termination of combustion in a rocket engine because of exhaustion of the propellant. RT booster rocket engines burning rate combustion # cut-off erosive burning extinguishing solid propellant rocket engines thrust termination burns (injuries) GS injuries . burns (injuries) RT crash injuries fires laser damage lesions radiation injuries burnthrough (failure) GS failure . burnthrough (failure) RT ablation damage melting perforating burst tests GS destructive tests . burst tests RT containment failure analysis fracture mechanics fracture strength # materials tests pressure vessels bursts GS bursts . gamma ray bursts . radio bursts . . solar radio bursts . . . type 2 bursts . . . type 3 bursts . . . type 4 bursts . . . type 5 bursts RT# disturbances emission explosions fragmentation implosions rupturing bursts (communication) USE packets (communication) Burundi UF Ruanda-Urundi GS nations . Burundi RT Africa Rwanda bus conductors GS conductors . bus conductors RT electric wire flat conductors power lines # power transmission bushings RT bearings inserts linings shafts (machine elements) spacers business management USE industrial management butadiene UF vinyl ethylene GS organic compounds . hydrocarbons . . aliphatic hydrocarbons . . . dienes . . . . butadiene RT Buna (trademark) hydrocarbon fuels polybutadiene butanes UF isobutane GS organic compounds . hydrocarbons . . aliphatic hydrocarbons . . . alkanes . . . . butanes RT petroleum products butenes UF butylene isobutylene GS organic compounds . hydrocarbons . . aliphatic hydrocarbons . . . alkenes . . . . butenes butt joints GS joints (junctions) . butt joints RT lap joints metal joints riveted joints soldered joints welded joints butterfly valves GS valves . butterfly valves . . dampers (valves) buttes GS landforms . terraces (landforms) . . plateaus . . . mesas . . . . buttes # buttons SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT manual control butylene USE butenes butylene oxides USE tetrahydrofuran butyric acid GS acids . butyric acid RT fermentation BWB configurations USE blended-wing-body configurations bypass ratio DEF Ratio of the secondary to the primary inlet airflows for a turbofan engine. GS ratios . bypass ratio RT air intakes engine inlets flow geometry hypersonic inlets inlet airframe configurations inlet flow inlet nozzles intake systems nose inlets side inlets supersonic inlets bypasses UF shunts RT diverters relief valves by-products RT materials recovery products reaction products wastes C (programming language) (added July 1988) GS languages . programming languages . . high level languages . . . C (programming language) RT C++ (programming language) compilers computer programming expert systems C band SN (3.9 TO 6.2 GHZ) GS frequencies . radio frequencies . . microwave frequencies . . . C band RT millimeter waves superhigh frequencies C stars USE carbon stars C-1A aircraft UF Trader aircraft GS Grumman aircraft . C-1A aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-1A aircraft RT# aircraft # military aircraft C-2 aircraft UF COD aircraft GS Grumman aircraft . C-2 aircraft jet aircraft . turboprop aircraft . . C-2 aircraft monoplanes . C-2 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-2 aircraft RT# aircraft C-5 aircraft UF Galaxy aircraft Lockheed C-5 aircraft GS jet aircraft . C-5 aircraft Lockheed aircraft . C-5 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-5 aircraft RT# aircraft turbofan engines C-8A augmentor wing aircraft DEF NASA's research, short haul, jet aircraft. GS jet aircraft . C-8A augmentor wing aircraft research vehicles . research aircraft . . C-8A augmentor wing aircraft transport aircraft . short haul aircraft . . C-8A augmentor wing aircraft V/STOL aircraft . short takeoff aircraft . . C-8A augmentor wing aircraft RT# aircraft C-9 aircraft GS jet aircraft . C-9 aircraft McDonnell Douglas aircraft . Douglas aircraft . . C-9 aircraft . Mcdonnell aircraft . . C-9 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-9 aircraft RT# aircraft evacuating (transportation) C-15 aircraft UF YC-15 aircraft GS transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-15 aircraft V/STOL aircraft . short takeoff aircraft . . C-15 aircraft RT# aircraft C-17 aircraft (added August 1995) GS McDonnell Douglas aircraft . C-17 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-17 aircraft RT# aircraft turbofan engines C-33 aircraft UF Beech C-33 aircraft Debonair aircraft GS Beechcraft aircraft . Beech 99 aircraft . . C-33 aircraft general aviation aircraft . C-33 aircraft light aircraft . Beech 99 aircraft . . C-33 aircraft monoplanes . C-33 aircraft passenger aircraft . C-33 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-33 aircraft RT# aircraft C-35 aircraft UF Beech S-35 aircraft Bonanza aircraft GS Beechcraft aircraft . Beech 99 aircraft . . C-35 aircraft general aviation aircraft . C-35 aircraft light aircraft . Beech 99 aircraft . . C-35 aircraft monoplanes . C-35 aircraft passenger aircraft . C-35 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-35 aircraft RT# aircraft C-46 aircraft UF Commando aircraft Curtiss C-46 aircraft GS Curtiss-Wright aircraft . C-46 aircraft monoplanes . C-46 aircraft passenger aircraft . C-46 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-46 aircraft RT# aircraft C-47 aircraft UF Dakota aircraft GS McDonnell Douglas aircraft . Douglas aircraft . . C-47 aircraft monoplanes . C-47 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-47 aircraft RT# aircraft C-54 aircraft UF R5D aircraft Skymaster aircraft GS McDonnell Douglas aircraft . Douglas aircraft . . C-54 aircraft monoplanes . C-54 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-54 aircraft RT# aircraft C-118 aircraft GS McDonnell Douglas aircraft . Douglas aircraft . . C-118 aircraft monoplanes . C-118 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-118 aircraft RT# aircraft C-119 aircraft GS Fairchild-Hiller aircraft . C-119 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-119 aircraft RT# aircraft C-121 aircraft UF EC-121 aircraft Lockheed Constellation aircraft R7V aircraft Warning Star aircraft GS Lockheed aircraft . C-121 aircraft monoplanes . C-121 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-121 aircraft RT# aircraft passenger aircraft C-123 aircraft UF Provider aircraft YC-123 aircraft GS Fairchild-Hiller aircraft . C-123 aircraft monoplanes . C-123 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-123 aircraft V/STOL aircraft . short takeoff aircraft . . C-123 aircraft RT# aircraft C-124 aircraft GS McDonnell Douglas aircraft . Douglas aircraft . . C-124 aircraft monoplanes . C-124 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-124 aircraft RT# aircraft C-130 aircraft UF GC-130 aircraft Hercules aircraft JC-130 aircraft KC-130 aircraft NC-130 aircraft GS jet aircraft . turboprop aircraft . . C-130 aircraft Lockheed aircraft . C-130 aircraft monoplanes . C-130 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-130 aircraft RT# aircraft T-56 engine C-131 aircraft UF Samaritan aircraft GS General Dynamics aircraft . C-131 aircraft monoplanes . C-131 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-131 aircraft RT# aircraft C-133 aircraft UF Cargomaster aircraft GS jet aircraft . turboprop aircraft . . C-133 aircraft McDonnell Douglas aircraft . Douglas aircraft . . C-133 aircraft monoplanes . C-133 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-133 aircraft RT# aircraft T-34 engine C-135 aircraft UF EC-135 aircraft KC-135 aircraft Stratotanker aircraft GS Boeing aircraft . C-135 aircraft jet aircraft . C-135 aircraft monoplanes . C-135 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-135 aircraft RT Advanced Range Instrumentation Aircraft # aircraft turbofan aircraft C-140 aircraft UF Jet Star aircraft GS jet aircraft . C-140 aircraft Lockheed aircraft . C-140 aircraft monoplanes . C-140 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-140 aircraft RT# aircraft C-141 aircraft UF Starlifter aircraft GS jet aircraft . turbofan aircraft . . C-141 aircraft Lockheed aircraft . C-141 aircraft monoplanes . C-141 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-141 aircraft RT# aircraft Kuiper Airborne Observatory turbofan engines C-142 aircraft USE XC-142 aircraft C-160 aircraft UF Transall C-160 aircraft GS Hamburger aircraft . C-160 aircraft jet aircraft . turboprop aircraft . . C-160 aircraft monoplanes . C-160 aircraft Nord aircraft . C-160 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . C-160 aircraft RT# aircraft turboprop engines C++ (programming language) (added October 1991) GS languages . programming languages . . high level languages . . . C++ (programming language) RT C (programming language) Java (programming language) object-oriented programming cabin atmospheres GS controlled atmospheres . cabin atmospheres . . spacecraft cabin atmospheres RT aircraft compartments # atmospheres cockpits environmental control oxygen supply equipment pressurized cabins space capsules # cabins SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT aircraft compartments cockpits pressurized cabins spacecraft cabins cable force recorders GS recording instruments . cable force recorders RT# recorders strain gages tensiometers cable television (added December 1990) UF CATV GS television systems . cable television RT closed circuit television communication cables television transmission # cables SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT cables (ropes) coaxial cables communication cables power lines submarine cables tetherlines transmission lines cables (ropes) RT# belts # cables chains cordage fasteners reels strands towing wire CAD (design) USE computer aided design cadastral mapping DEF Large-scale mapping for showing the boundaries of subdivisions of land, usually with the directions and lengths thereof and the areas of individual tracts, compiled for the purpose of describing and recording ownership. The map may also show culture, drainage, and other features related to the use of the land. GS mapping . cadastral mapping RT geography maps thematic mapping cadmium GS chemical elements . cadmium . . cadmium isotopes metals . transition metals . . cadmium . . . cadmium isotopes RT heavy metals cadmium 114 USE cadmium isotopes cadmium alloys GS alloys . cadmium alloys RT bearing alloys cadmium antimonides GS antimony compounds . antimonides . . cadmium antimonides cadmium compounds . cadmium antimonides cadmium chlorides GS cadmium compounds . cadmium chlorides halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorides . . . cadmium chlorides . halides . . chlorides . . . cadmium chlorides . . metal halides . . . cadmium chlorides cadmium compounds GS cadmium compounds . cadmium antimonides . cadmium chlorides . cadmium fluorides . cadmium selenides . cadmium sulfides . cadmium tellurides RT# chemical compounds # Group 2B compounds # metal compounds cadmium fluorides GS cadmium compounds . cadmium fluorides halogen compounds . fluorine compounds . . fluorides . . . metal fluorides . . . . cadmium fluorides . halides . . fluorides . . . metal fluorides . . . . cadmium fluorides . . metal halides . . . metal fluorides . . . . cadmium fluorides cadmium isotopes UF cadmium 114 GS chemical elements . cadmium . . cadmium isotopes . nuclides . . isotopes . . . cadmium isotopes metals . transition metals . . cadmium . . . cadmium isotopes cadmium mercury tellurides USE mercury cadmium tellurides cadmium nickel batteries USE nickel cadmium batteries cadmium selenides GS cadmium compounds . cadmium selenides chalcogenides . selenides . . cadmium selenides selenium compounds . selenides . . cadmium selenides cadmium silver batteries USE silver cadmium batteries cadmium sulfides GS cadmium compounds . cadmium sulfides chalcogenides . sulfides . . inorganic sulfides . . . cadmium sulfides sulfur compounds . sulfides . . inorganic sulfides . . . cadmium sulfides cadmium tellurides GS cadmium compounds . cadmium tellurides chalcogenides . tellurides . . cadmium tellurides tellurium compounds . tellurides . . cadmium tellurides caffeine GS bases (chemical) . alkaloids . . caffeine drugs . stimulants . . caffeine fungicides . xanthines . . caffeine nitrogen compounds . alkaloids . . caffeine . xanthines . . caffeine organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . alkaloids . . . . caffeine . . . purines . . . . xanthines . . . . . caffeine CAI USE computer assisted instruction caissons RT construction foundations Cajun rocket vehicle GS rocket vehicles . sounding rockets . . Cajun rocket vehicle RT Nike-Cajun rocket vehicle solid propellant rocket engines sondes calciferol UF vitamin D GS organic compounds . lipids . . calciferol vitamins . calciferol calcification RT arthritis bones calcination USE roasting calcite GS calcium compounds . calcium carbonates . . calcite carbon compounds . carbonates . . calcium carbonates . . . calcite minerals . calcite RT aragonite birefringence calcium GS chemical elements . calcium . . calcium isotopes metals . calcium . . calcium isotopes RT calmodulin gypsum calcium 45 USE calcium isotopes calcium carbonates GS calcium compounds . calcium carbonates . . akermanite . . aragonite . . calcite . . chalk carbon compounds . carbonates . . calcium carbonates . . . akermanite . . . aragonite . . . calcite . . . chalk RT bone mineral content limestone calcium chlorides GS calcium compounds . calcium chlorides halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorides . . . calcium chlorides . halides . . chlorides . . . calcium chlorides . . metal halides . . . calcium chlorides calcium compounds GS calcium compounds . calcium carbonates . . akermanite . . aragonite . . calcite . . chalk . calcium chlorides . calcium fluorides . . fluorspar . calcium oxides . . akermanite . calcium phosphates . calcium silicates . . gehlenite . calcium sulfides . calcium tungstates . calcium vanadates . fluorite . merwinite . monticellite . perovskites . scheelite RT# alkaline earth compounds # chemical compounds # metal compounds calcium fluorides GS calcium compounds . calcium fluorides . . fluorspar halogen compounds . fluorine compounds . . fluorides . . . difluorides . . . . calcium fluorides . . . . . fluorspar . . . metal fluorides . . . . calcium fluorides . . . . . fluorspar . halides . . fluorides . . . difluorides . . . . calcium fluorides . . . . . fluorspar . . . metal fluorides . . . . calcium fluorides . . . . . fluorspar . . metal halides . . . metal fluorides . . . . calcium fluorides . . . . . fluorspar calcium isotopes UF calcium 45 GS chemical elements . calcium . . calcium isotopes . nuclides . . isotopes . . . calcium isotopes metals . calcium . . calcium isotopes calcium metabolism GS metabolism . calcium metabolism RT bed rest calmodulin osteoporosis parathyroid gland thyroid gland calcium oxides UF lime GS calcium compounds . calcium oxides . . akermanite chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . alkaline earth oxides . . . . calcium oxides . . . . . akermanite RT BSCCO superconductors calcium phosphates UF apatites GS calcium compounds . calcium phosphates phosphorus compounds . phosphates . . calcium phosphates RT bone mineral content calcium silicates GS calcium compounds . calcium silicates . . gehlenite silicon compounds . silicates . . calcium silicates . . . gehlenite RT amphiboles minerals calcium sulfides GS calcium compounds . calcium sulfides chalcogenides . sulfides . . inorganic sulfides . . . calcium sulfides sulfur compounds . sulfides . . inorganic sulfides . . . calcium sulfides calcium tungstates GS calcium compounds . calcium tungstates tungsten compounds . tungstates . . calcium tungstates calcium vanadates GS calcium compounds . calcium vanadates vanadium compounds . vanadates . . calcium vanadates calculation USE computation calculators RT arithmetic computation computers calculi UF renal calculi GS deposits . calculi . . dental calculi RT lithiasis urolithiasis calculus SN (LIMITED TO MATHEMATICS) GS analysis (mathematics) . calculus . . continuity (mathematics) . . differential calculus . . Fourier-Bessel transformations . . Graeff calculus . . integral calculus . . limits (mathematics) . . series (mathematics) . . . asymptotic series . . . Campbell-Hausdorff series . . . cosine series . . . Fourier series . . . Pade approximation . . . power series . . . . Taylor series . . . . . MacLaurin series . . . progressions . . . Prony series . . . sine series . . vector analysis . . . collinearity . . . coplanarity . . . curl (vectors) . . . . vorticity RT analytic geometry asymptotes differential equations functions (mathematics) # mathematics monotone functions operational calculus real variables calculus of variations UF variation method GS analysis (mathematics) . real variables . . calculus of variations RT Biot method Castigliano variational theorem differential equations Euler-Lagrange equation integral equations invariant imbeddings Jacobi matrix method maxima operational calculus pontryagin principle steepest descent method variational principles calderas DEF Large, basin-shaped volcanic depressions, more or less circular in form, the diameter of which is many times greater than that of the included vent or vents. GS landforms . calderas RT cones (volcanoes) craters lava Mars volcanoes volcanic eruptions volcanoes volcanology calendars DEF Orderly arrangements of days, weeks, months, etc. to suit a particular need such as civil life. GS calendars . crop calendars RT month scheduling time calibrating UF graduation GS calibrating . intercalibration . wind tunnel calibration RT accuracy instrument compensation instrument errors measuring instruments # scaling Solar Cell Calibration Facility standardization standards temperature scales California GS nations . United States . . California RT Cascade Range (CA-OR-WA) Coachella Valley (CA) coastal ranges (CA) Death Valley (CA) Feather River Basin (CA) Great Basin (US) Imperial Valley (CA) Lake Tahoe (CA-NV) Mojave Desert (CA) Monterey Bay (CA) Palo Verde Valley (CA) Peninsular Ranges (CA) Sacramento Valley (CA) Salton Sea (CA) San Andreas Fault San Francisco (CA) San Francisco Bay (CA) San Joaquin Valley (CA) San Pablo Bay (CA) Sierra Nevada Mountains (CA) Southern California californium GS chemical elements . actinide series . . transuranium elements . . . californium . . . . californium isotopes . nuclides . . isotopes . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . transuranium elements . . . . . californium . . . . . . californium isotopes metals . actinide series . . transuranium elements . . . californium . . . . californium isotopes RT californium compounds californium 252 USE californium isotopes californium compounds GS actinide series compounds . californium compounds RT californium californium isotopes UF californium 252 GS chemical elements . actinide series . . transuranium elements . . . californium . . . . californium isotopes . nuclides . . isotopes . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . transuranium elements . . . . . californium . . . . . . californium isotopes metals . actinide series . . transuranium elements . . . californium . . . . californium isotopes Callisto DEF A satellite of Jupiter orbiting at a mean distance of 1,884,000 kilometers. Also called Jupiter IV. GS celestial bodies . natural satellites . . icy satellites . . . Callisto . . Jupiter satellites . . . Galilean satellites . . . . Callisto RT Charon extraterrestrial oceans Ganymede Io Jupiter (planet) calmodulin GS biopolymers . proteins . . calmodulin organic compounds . proteins . . calmodulin RT calcium calcium metabolism cytoplasm gravitropism regulatory mechanisms (biology) caloric requirements GS nutritional requirements . caloric requirements RT diets # food metabolism mineral metabolism # nutrients nutrition caloric stimuli RT# stimuli calorimeters DEF Instruments designed to measure heat evolved or absorbed. Used for microcalorimeters. UF microcalorimeters GS measuring instruments . calorimeters . . bomb calorimeters . . drop calorimeters . . flame calorimeters RT heat measurement high temperature tests scintillating fibers temperature measuring instruments calorimetry USE heat measurement calutrons USE cyclotrons calves GS animals . vertebrates . . mammals . . . cattle . . . . calves RT livestock Calypso (added January 1996) DEF A natural satellite of Saturn orbiting at a mean distance of 294,660 kilometers. GS celestial bodies . natural satellites . . Saturn satellites . . . Calypso RT Saturn (planet) CAM (manufacturing) USE computer aided manufacturing camber GS camber . conical camber . wing camber RT airfoils bending # bows cambered wings curvature curved beams deflection deformation distortion flexing fuselages lift warpage cambered wings GS airfoils . wings . . cambered wings RT camber fixed wings twisted wings uncambered wings wing camber Cambodia UF Kampuchea GS nations . Cambodia RT Asia Cambrian Period (added June 1989) GS Paleozoic Era . Cambrian Period RT geochronology paleontology Precambrian period Camel aircraft USE TU-104 aircraft camera shutters RT cameras irises (mechanical apertures) Kerr cells panoramic cameras # shutters streak cameras camera tubes GS electron tubes . camera tubes . . image dissector tubes . . orthicons . . . image orthicons . . vidicons . . . return beam vidicons . . . thermicons RT cameras dynodes image converters image transducers monoscopes planotrons television cameras video equipment cameras GS optical equipment . cameras . . Baker-Nunn camera . . ballistic cameras . . CCD cameras . . Delft camera . . diffraction limited cameras . . faint object camera . . high speed cameras . . . framing cameras . . digital cameras . . I2S cameras . . Lallemand cameras . . multispectral band cameras . . panoramic cameras . . pinhole cameras . . Schmidt cameras . . streak cameras . . television cameras photographic equipment . cameras . . Baker-Nunn camera . . ballistic cameras . . CCD cameras . . Delft camera . . diffraction limited cameras . . faint object camera . . high speed cameras . . . framing cameras . . digital cameras . . I2S cameras . . Lallemand cameras . . multispectral band cameras . . panoramic cameras . . pinhole cameras . . Schmidt cameras . . streak cameras . . television cameras RT camera shutters camera tubes cinematography focusing lenses photography SIM streak photography ultraviolet photography underwater photography wide angle lenses Cameroon GS nations . Cameroon RT Africa camouflage RT air defense coverings netting (materials/structures) stealth technology Campbell-Hausdorff series GS analysis (mathematics) . calculus . . series (mathematics) . . . Campbell-Hausdorff series . real variables . . series (mathematics) . . . Campbell-Hausdorff series camphor GS ketones . camphor terpenes . camphor cams GS positioning devices (machinery) . cams RT actuators eccentrics internal combustion engines linkages mechanical devices Canada GS nations . Canada . . Alberta . . British Columbia . . Manitoba . . New Brunswick . . Newfoundland . . Northwest Territories . . Nova Scotia . . Ontario . . Prince Edward Island . . Quebec . . Saskatchewan . . Yukon Territory RT Anik 1 Anik 2 Anik 3 Beaufort Sea (North America) Canadian space program Canadian spacecraft Communications Technology Satellite Great Lakes (North America) Great Plains Corridor (North America) Hudson Bay (Canada) International Field Year for Great Lakes International Hydrological Decade Labrador Lake Champlain Basin (NY-VT) North America Pacific Northwest (US) Rocky Mountains (North America) St Lawrence Valley (North America) Williston Basin (North America) Canadair aircraft UF Canadair CF-104 aircraft CF-104 aircraft GS Canadair aircraft . CL-41 aircraft . CL-44 aircraft . CL-84 aircraft . CL-600 challenger aircraft RT# aircraft General Dynamics aircraft Canadair CF-104 aircraft USE Canadair aircraft F-104 aircraft Canadair CL-41 aircraft USE CL-41 aircraft Canadair CL-44 aircraft USE CL-44 aircraft Canadair CL-84 aircraft USE CL-84 aircraft Canadarm (ISS) USE Space Station Mobile Servicing System Canadian Shield RT geology meteorite craters Precambrian period Canadian space program DEF Space research, programs, and activities undertaken by Canada. GS programs . space programs . . Canadian space program . . . Alouette project RT aerospace technology transfer Anik 1 Anik 2 Anik 3 Anik satellites Canada Canadian spacecraft Communications Technology Satellite NASA programs Radarsat scientific satellites Space Station Mobile Servicing System synchronous satellites technology assessment technology utilization Canadian spacecraft DEF Spacecraft of the Canadian Government. The following satellites have been developed: Alouette satellites, ISIS satellites, Anik satellites, and Hermes satellite. RADARSAT and MSAT are in the process of being developed. GS Canadian spacecraft . Alouette satellites . . Alouette 1 satellite . . Alouette 2 satellite . . Alouette B satellite . Anik satellites . . Anik 1 . . Anik 2 . . Anik 3 . Radarsat RT Canada Canadian space program # spacecraft canals GS landforms . canals waterways . canals RT ditches flood control fluid flow gates (openings) Great Lakes (North America) irrigation Mars surface materials handling Panama seepage straits troughs water flow canard configurations DEF Pertaining to an aerodynamic vehicle in which horizontal surfaces used for trim and control are forward of the main lifting surface; the horizontal trim and control surfaces in such an arrangement. GS aerodynamic configurations . canard configurations RT aircraft structures # configurations control surfaces JAS-39 aircraft Saab 37 aircraft tandem wing aircraft X-31 aircraft Canary Islands GS landforms . islands . . Canary Islands nations . Spain . . Canary Islands Canberra aircraft GS BAC aircraft . Canberra aircraft jet aircraft . Canberra aircraft monoplanes . Canberra aircraft RT# aircraft B-57 aircraft Canberra bomber USE B-57 aircraft cancellation RT contracts elimination removal stopping cancellation circuits GS circuits . cancellation circuits RT display devices moving target indicators pulse Doppler radar radar cancer UF carcinoma sarcoma GS diseases . tumors . . neoplasms . . . cancer . . . leukemias RT bone marrow carcinogens cells (biology) radiation therapy tissues (biology) ulcers canisters USE cans canning GS food processing . canning RT encapsulating # food Cannonball 2 satellite GS artificial satellites . scientific satellites . . Cannonball 2 satellite cannons USE guns (ordnance) cannulae RT# tubes canonical forms GS algebra . vector spaces . . matrices (mathematics) . . . canonical forms RT fibers (mathematics) canopies RT aircraft structures airframes cockpits fairings windshields canopies (vegetation) DEF The topmost layers of leaves and branches of forest trees or other plants. GS vegetation . canopies (vegetation) RT foliage forests grasses leaf area index leaves plants (botany) rain forests sod trees (plants) vegetative index cans UF canisters RT# containers drums (containers) cant USE slopes cantilever beams GS cantilever members . cantilever beams structural members . beams (supports) . . cantilever beams RT box beams I beams cantilever members GS cantilever members . cantilever beams . cantilever plates RT levers cantilever plates GS cantilever members . cantilever plates structural members . plates (structural members) . . cantilever plates RT anisotropic plates cantilever wings USE wings canyons UF coulees gorges GS landforms . canyons . . Grand Canyon (AZ) RT arroyos cliffs fans (landforms) ravines rivers valleys water erosion cap clouds UF orographic clouds GS clouds (meteorology) . cap clouds RT atmospheric moisture climatology cloud cover meteorology nephanalysis precipitation (meteorology) weather capacitance DEF That property of a system of conductors and dielectrics which permits the storage of electrically separated charges when potential differences exist between the conductors. It is the ratio of a quantity, Q, of electricity to a potential difference, V. A capacitance value is always positive. The units are farads when the charge is expressed in coulombs and the potential in volts: C = Q/V. Capacitance is symbolized as C. GS electrical properties . capacitance RT capacitance-voltage characteristics capacitors # capacity dielectric properties electric charge electrical impedance electrostatic charge inductance open circuit voltage RC circuits reactance RLC circuits capacitance switches GS switches . capacitance switches RT capacitors dielectrics RLC circuits switching circuits capacitance-voltage characteristics DEF The characteristics of a metal semiconductor contact or a semiconductor junction that manifests a measured capacitance as a function of a dc bias voltage with small, superimposed ac voltage applied to that junction or contact. GS electrical properties . capacitance-voltage characteristics RT capacitance # characteristics electric potential metal oxide semiconductors volt-ampere characteristics capacitive fuel gages GS measuring instruments . fuel gages . . capacitive fuel gages RT dielectrics capacitors RT amplifiers ballasts (impedances) capacitance capacitance switches circuit protection circuits # condensers dielectrics electrets electric bridges electric energy storage electric filters electric reactors energy storage Gerdien condensers parallel plates solid state devices # capacity SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT capacitance channel capacity output production engineering risk volume Cape Hatteras (NC) GS landforms . capes (landforms) . . Cape Hatteras (NC) RT Atlantic Ocean North Carolina Cape Kennedy launch complex GS launching bases . Cape Kennedy launch complex RT ground support equipment Cape Verde GS nations . Cape Verde RT Africa Atlantic Ocean islands capes (landforms) GS landforms . capes (landforms) . . Cape Hatteras (NC) RT land # capillaries SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT capillaries (anatomy) capillary tubes capillaries (anatomy) GS anatomy . circulatory system . . cardiovascular system . . . blood vessels . . . . capillaries (anatomy) . . . . glomerulus RT blood # capillaries capillary circulation USE capillary flow capillary flow UF capillary circulation GS fluid flow . capillary flow RT blood flow laminar flow liquid bridges surface tension driven convection thermocapillary migration capillary tubes RT# capillaries # tubes capillary waves GS elastic waves . capillary waves . . gravity waves . . . baroclinic waves . . ripples surface waves . capillary waves . . gravity waves . . . baroclinic waves . . ripples RT interfacial tension two dimensional flow water waves # caps SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT caps (explosives) coverings nose cones polar caps seals (stoppers) spherical caps caps (explosives) GS explosive devices . initiators (explosives) . . caps (explosives) igniters . initiators (explosives) . . caps (explosives) RT# caps detonators exploding wires fuses (ordnance) primers (explosives) # capsules SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT# buckets # containers fuel capsules shells (structural forms) space capsules tablets test chambers # test equipment test vehicles # vessels capsules (spacecraft) USE space capsules captive tests DEF Holddown tests of a propulsive subsystem, rocket engine or motor as distinguished from a flight test. GS captive tests . static tests . . static firing RT engine tests ground tests missile tests prefiring tests prelaunch tests # tests capture cross sections USE absorption cross sections capture effect DEF An effect in frequency-modulation (FM) reception where the stronger signal of two stations on the same frequency completely supresses the weaker signal. RT absorptance # absorption # effects electron capture frequency modulation frequency synchronization nuclear capture recombination reactions trajectory analysis captured air bubble vehicles GS surface vehicles . captured air bubble vehicles water vehicles . captured air bubble vehicles RT hydrofoil craft surface effect ships SWATH (ship) # vehicles Caravelle aircraft USE SE-210 aircraft Carbamates (tradename) GS esters . Carbamates (tradename) . . urethanes poisons . pesticides . . insecticides . . . Carbamates (tradename) . . . . urethanes carbamides GS nitrogen compounds . amides . . carbamides carbazoles GS organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . azoles . . . . pyrroles . . . . . carbazoles carbenes DEF An organic radical containing divalent carbon. RT free radicals carbides DEF Compounds of carbon with one or more metallic elements. GS carbon compounds . carbides . . aluminum carbides . . boron carbides . . cementite . . chromium carbides . . hafnium carbides . . molybdenum carbides . . niobium carbides . . silicon carbides . . tantalum carbides . . titanium carbides . . tungsten carbides . . uranium carbides . . vanadium carbides . . zirconium carbides RT ceramic nuclear fuels refractory materials carbohydrate metabolism GS metabolism . carbohydrate metabolism . . hyperglycemia . . hypoglycemia RT cortisone diabetes mellitus glucocorticoids hydrogen metabolism carbohydrates UF saccharides GS organic compounds . carbohydrates . . citric acid . . glucosides . . . nucleosides . . . adenines . . . . guanosines . . polysaccharides . . . cellulose . . . . Fortisan (trademark) . . . chitin . . . dextrans . . . glycogens . . . starches . . sugars . . . dextrans . . . inositols . . . lactose . . . mannitol . . . monosaccharides . . . . hexoses . . . . . galactose . . . . . glucose . . . pentose . . . . . ribose . . . . . xylose . . . sucrose RT alcohols ethyl alcohol # food glycerols # nutrients optical activity # oxygen compounds photosynthesis stereochemistry synthetic food carbon GS chemical elements . carbon . . carbon isotopes . . . carbon 12 . . . carbon 13 . . . carbon 14 RT activated carbon bitumens buckminsterfullerene carbon nanotubes charcoal coke decarburization diamonds fullerenes glassy carbon graphite soot carbon 12 GS chemical elements . carbon . . carbon isotopes . . . carbon 12 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . carbon isotopes . . . . carbon 12 carbon 13 GS chemical elements . carbon . . carbon isotopes . . . carbon 13 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . carbon isotopes . . . . carbon 13 carbon 14 GS chemical elements . carbon . . carbon isotopes . . . carbon 14 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . carbon isotopes . . . . carbon 14 . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . carbon 14 carbon arcs GS electric current . electric discharges . . electric arcs . . . carbon arcs RT arc lamps image furnaces carbon compounds SN (RESTRICTED TO INORGANIC COMPOUNDS) GS carbon compounds . carbides . . aluminum carbides . . boron carbides . . cementite . . chromium carbides . . hafnium carbides . . molybdenum carbides . . niobium carbides . . silicon carbides . . tantalum carbides . . titanium carbides . . tungsten carbides . . uranium carbides . . vanadium carbides . . zirconium carbides . carbon dioxide . carbon disulfide . carbon monoxide . carbon suboxides . carbon tetrachloride . carbon tetrafluoride . carbonates . . bastnasite . . calcium carbonates . . . akermanite . . . aragonite . . . calcite . . . chalk . . dolomite (mineral) . . polycarbonates . . . Lexan (trademark) . . siderites . . sodium carbonates . . tetraethyl orthocarbonates . halocarbons . . chlorocarbons . . chlorofluorocarbons . . fluorocarbons . . halon . carbon nitrides . fullerides RT carbonaceous materials # chemical compounds # Group 4A compounds hydrocarbons methylidyne Swan bands carbon cycle DEF The path of carbon in living beings in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthesis to form organic nutrients and ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and protoplasmic decay. GS cycles . carbon cycle RT animals # biology biomass ecology organisms plants (botany) viability carbon dioxide GS carbon compounds . carbon dioxide chalcogenides . oxides . . dioxides . . . carbon dioxide gases . carbon dioxide RT Chlorella metabolic wastes synthane carbon dioxide concentration GS composition (property) . chemical composition . . carbon dioxide concentration . concentration (composition) . . carbon dioxide concentration . gas composition . . carbon dioxide concentration RT air purification atmospheric composition climate change decontamination rebreathing spacecraft cabin atmospheres carbon dioxide lasers GS stimulated emission devices . lasers . . gas lasers . . . carbon dioxide lasers RT chemical lasers continuous wave lasers gas masers infrared lasers Mach-Zehnder interferometers molecular oscillations organic lasers polar gases pulsed lasers Q switched lasers stimulated emission TEA lasers waveguide lasers carbon dioxide removal GS removal . carbon dioxide removal RT air purification decontamination rebreathing smoke abatement carbon dioxide tension GS carbon dioxide tension . hypercapnia . hypocapnia carbon disulfide GS carbon compounds . carbon disulfide chalcogenides . sulfides . . disulfides . . . carbon disulfide sulfur compounds . sulfides . . disulfides . . . carbon disulfide carbon fiber reinforced plastics UF CFRP GS composite materials . fiber composites . . carbon fiber reinforced plastics . . . carbon-phenolic composites . polymer matrix composites . . reinforced plastics . . . carbon fiber reinforced plastics . . . . carbon-phenolic composites plastics . reinforced plastics . . carbon fiber reinforced plastics . . . carbon-phenolic composites RT braided composites fibers graphite-epoxy composites lay-up PEEK reinforcing fibers superhybrid materials woven composites carbon fibers GS fibers . reinforcing fibers . . carbon fibers RT boron fibers carbon-phenolic composites chemical vapor infiltration composite materials fiber composites fiber pullout # filaments polyacrylonitrile carbon isotopes GS chemical elements . carbon . . carbon isotopes . . . carbon 12 . . . carbon 13 . . . carbon 14 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . carbon isotopes . . . . carbon 12 . . . . carbon 13 . . . . carbon 14 carbon lasers GS stimulated emission devices . lasers . . carbon lasers RT chemical lasers gas lasers infrared lasers liquid lasers organic lasers stimulated emission carbon monoxide GS carbon compounds . carbon monoxide chalcogenides . oxides . . carbon monoxide gases . carbon monoxide RT Hopcalite (trademark) smog synthane carbon monoxide lasers GS stimulated emission devices . lasers . . gas lasers . . . carbon monoxide lasers RT chemical lasers continuous wave lasers infrared lasers molecular oscillations stimulated emission TEA lasers carbon monoxide poisoning GS diseases . toxic diseases . . carbon monoxide poisoning toxicity . carbon monoxide poisoning RT carboxyhemoglobin lethality occupational diseases pathological effects # poisoning carbon nanotubes (added September 2001) DEF Single- or multilayer nanotubes composed of cylindrical graphene sheets of bonded carbon atoms, and closed at either end with caps containing pentagonal rings. These nanotubes are single molecules typically measuring a few nanometers in diameter and several microns in length. UF CNT (nanotechnology) tubular fullerenes GS nanostructures (devices) . nanotubes . . carbon nanotubes RT carbon fullerenes graphite nanostructure (characteristics) carbon nitrides (added October 2001) GS carbon compounds . carbon nitrides nitrogen compounds . nitrides . . carbon nitrides RT amorphous materials boron nitrides ceramic coatings protective coatings semiconductors (materials) thin films carbon stars UF C stars GS celestial bodies . stars . . giant stars . . . red giant stars . . . . carbon stars . . late stars . . . cool stars . . . . carbon stars RT asymptotic giant branch stars irregular variable stars Mira variables R Coronae Borealis stars stellar composition subgiant stars Wolf-Rayet stars carbon steels GS alloys . iron alloys . . steels . . . carbon steels . . . . low carbon steels RT high strength steels carbon suboxides DEF Colorless lacrimatory gases having unpleasant odors and boiling points of approximately -7 degrees C. GS carbon compounds . carbon suboxides chalcogenides . oxides . . carbon suboxides gases . carbon suboxides RT# oxygen compounds carbon tetrachloride UF tetrachloromethane GS carbon compounds . carbon tetrachloride halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorides . . . carbon tetrachloride . halides . . chlorides . . . carbon tetrachloride carbon tetrachloride poisoning GS diseases . toxic diseases . . carbon tetrachloride poisoning toxicity . carbon tetrachloride poisoning RT industrial safety # poisoning toxicity and safety hazard toxicology carbon tetrafluoride GS carbon compounds . carbon tetrafluoride halogen compounds . fluorine compounds . . fluoro compounds . . . fluorine organic compounds . . . . fluorohydrocarbons . . . . . carbon tetrafluoride organic compounds . fluorine organic compounds . . fluorohydrocarbons . . . carbon tetrafluoride . hydrocarbons . . fluorohydrocarbons . . . carbon tetrafluoride carbonaceous chondrites DEF A group name for friable, dull-black, chondritic stoney meteorites, characterized by the presence of hydrated clay type silicate minerals, by considerable amounts and a great variety of organic compounds believed to be of extraterrestrial origin; by a near or total lack of free nickel-iron; and by an abnormally high content of inert gases. GS celestial bodies . meteorites . . stony meteorites . . . carbonaceous meteorites . . . . carbonaceous chondrites . . . . . Alais meteorite . . . . . Allende meteorite . . . . . Cold Bokkeveld meteorite . . . . . Ivuna meteorite . . . . . Murchison meteorite . . . . . Murray meteorite . . . . . Orgueil meteorite . . . . . Tonk meteorite . . . chondrites . . . . carbonaceous chondrites . . . . . Alais meteorite . . . . . Allende meteorite . . . . . Cold Bokkeveld meteorite . . . . . Ivuna meteorite . . . . . Murchison meteorite . . . . . Murray meteorite . . . . . Orgueil meteorite . . . . . Tonk meteorite carbonaceous materials DEF Substance composed of or containing carbon or carbon compounds. GS carbonaceous materials . graphite . . pyrolytic graphite . peat RT carbon compounds coal crude oil fossil fuels lignite # materials organic materials solvent refined coal carbonaceous meteorites GS celestial bodies . meteorites . . stony meteorites . . . carbonaceous meteorites . . . . carbonaceous chondrites . . . . . Alais meteorite . . . . . Allende meteorite . . . . . Cold Bokkeveld meteorite . . . . . Ivuna meteorite . . . . . Murchison meteorite . . . . . Murray meteorite . . . . . Orgueil meteorite . . . . . Tonk meteorite . . . . ureilites RT exobiology meteoritic composition carbonaceous rocks GS rocks . sedimentary rocks . . carbonaceous rocks . . . coal . . . . anthracite . . . . lignite . . . . solvent refined coal RT carbonates regolith shatter cones soils carbonates UF bicarbonates GS carbon compounds . carbonates . . bastnasite . . calcium carbonates . . . akermanite . . . aragonite . . . calcite . . . chalk . . dolomite (mineral) . . polycarbonates . . . Lexan (trademark) . . siderites . . sodium carbonates . . tetraethyl orthocarbonates RT alkalies carbonaceous rocks carbonic acid molten carbonate fuel cells # oxygen compounds carbon-carbon composites GS composite materials . carbon-carbon composites RT fiber composites fracture strength reinforcing fibers thermal protection thermal resistance carbonic acid GS acids . carbonic acid RT carbonates carbonic anhydrase GS biopolymers . proteins . . enzymes . . . carbonic anhydrase organic compounds . proteins . . enzymes . . . carbonic anhydrase RT acetazolamide carbonization GS chemical reactions . carbonization RT charring decarbonation carbon-phenolic composites (added January 1993) GS composite materials . fiber composites . . carbon fiber reinforced plastics . . . carbon-phenolic composites . polymer matrix composites . . reinforced plastics . . . carbon fiber reinforced plastics . . . . carbon-phenolic composites . resin matrix composites . . carbon-phenolic composites plastics . reinforced plastics . . carbon fiber reinforced plastics . . . carbon-phenolic composites RT ablative materials carbon fibers phenolic resins rocket nozzles carbonyl compounds RT# chemical compounds oxetane polymers carborane GS boron compounds . boron hydrides . . boranes . . . carborane hydrogen compounds . hydrides . . boron hydrides . . . boranes . . . . carborane Carborundum (trademark) RT abrasives refractory materials silicon carbides carboxyhemoglobin GS biopolymers . proteins . . hemoglobin . . . carboxyhemoglobin organic compounds . proteins . . hemoglobin . . . carboxyhemoglobin organometallic compounds . hemoglobin . . carboxyhemoglobin RT blood circulation carbon monoxide poisoning erythrocytes carboxyhemoglobin test GS physiological tests . carboxyhemoglobin test RT blood hematology carboxyl group RT carboxylic acids carboxylates GS esters . carboxylates RT carboxylic acids carboxylation GS chemical reactions . carboxylation RT decarboxylation carboxylic acids GS acids . carboxylic acids . . acrylic acid . . alanine . . . phenylalanine . . aspartic acid . . citric acid . . dicarboxylic acids . . fatty acids . . . acetic acid . . . . ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids . . . iodoacetic acid . . . acetylsalicylic acid . . . benzilic acid . . . benzoic acid . . . lipoic acid . . . oleic acid . . . palmitic acid . . . propionic acid . . . sebacic acid . . . valeric acid . . folic acid . . formhydroxamic acid . . formic acid . . Hexogenes (trademark) . . lactic acid . . lysine . . nicotinic acid . . oxalic acid . . oxamic acids . . tryptophan organic compounds . carboxylic acids . . acrylic acid . . alanine . . . phenylalanine . . aspartic acid . . citric acid . . dicarboxylic acids . . fatty acids . . . acetic acid . . . . ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids . . . iodoacetic acid . . . acetylsalicylic acid . . . benzilic acid . . . benzoic acid . . . lipoic acid . . . oleic acid . . . palmitic acid . . . propionic acid . . . sebacic acid . . . valeric acid . . folic acid . . formhydroxamic acid . . formic acid . . Hexogenes (trademark) . . lactic acid . . lysine . . nicotinic acid . . oxalic acid . . oxamic acids . . tryptophan RT carboxyl group carboxylates terephthalate carburetors UF injection carburetors RT chokes (fuel systems) contactors engine parts engines fuel injection fuel systems injectors internal combustion engines # jet nozzles mixers premixed flames throats carburizing DEF Introducing carbon into a solid ferrous alloy by holding above Ac1 in contact with a suitable carbonaceous material. The carborized alloy is usually quench hardened. GS hardening (materials) . carburizing RT decarburization carcinogens DEF Agents producing or inciting cancerous growth. RT cancer hazardous materials neoplasms carcinoma USE cancer carcinotrons GS amplifiers . carcinotrons electron tubes . vacuum tubes . . microwave tubes . . . traveling wave tubes . . . . carcinotrons microwave equipment . microwave tubes . . traveling wave tubes . . . carcinotrons RT helitrons cardiac auricles GS anatomy . circulatory system . . cardiovascular system . . . heart . . . . cardiac auricles RT His bundle cardiac output (added March 1991) GS output . cardiac output . . heart minute volume . . stroke volume RT blood volume cardiovascular system heart function heart rate physiological tests cardiac ventricles GS anatomy . circulatory system . . cardiovascular system . . . heart . . . . cardiac ventricles RT diastolic pressure echocardiography His bundle systole cardiograms RT biomedical data cardiography heart cardiography GS bioengineering . biometrics . . cardiography . . . ballistocardiography . . . electrocardiography . . . magnetocardiography . . . phonocardiography . . . . echocardiography . . . seismocardiography . . . vectorcardiography RT cardiograms cardiovascular system heart heart diseases heart function medical equipment physiological tests cardiology GS medical science . cardiology RT angiography artificial cardiac pacemaker heart heart diseases heart rate radiocardiography cardiotachometers GS medical equipment . cardiotachometers RT heart cardiovascular system DEF The system of an animal pertaining to the heart and blood vessels. Used for vascular system. UF vascular system GS anatomy . circulatory system . . cardiovascular system . . . blood vessels . . . . arteries . . . . . aorta . . . . capillaries (anatomy) . . . . . glomerulus . . . . veins . . . heart . . . . cardiac auricles . . . . cardiac ventricles . . . . epicardium . . . . myocardium RT angiography baroreflexes blood blood volume cardiac output cardiography carotid sinus body carotid sinus reflex cerebral vascular accidents diastole fat embolisms head up tilt heart diseases hematopoiesis hematopoietic system hemodynamics hemorrhages lower body negative pressure stroke volume # systems systole cards GS cards . punched cards RT computer storage devices data storage caret wings GS airfoils . wings . . caret wings planforms . caret wings RT arrow wings delta wings waveriders CARETS (test site) USE Central Atlantic Regional Ecol Test Site cargo UF freight GS cargo . air cargo . . air mail . baggage RT air drop operations airdrops delivery freight costs harbors hauling materials handling railroad humping tests rapid transit systems transportation transportation energy trucks cargo aircraft GS transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . Breguet 941 aircraft . . C-1A aircraft . . C-2 aircraft . . C-5 aircraft . . C-9 aircraft . . C-15 aircraft . . C-17 aircraft . . C-33 aircraft . . C-35 aircraft . . C-46 aircraft . . C-47 aircraft . . C-54 aircraft . . C-118 aircraft . . C-119 aircraft . . C-121 aircraft . . C-123 aircraft . . C-124 aircraft . . C-130 aircraft . . C-131 aircraft . . C-133 aircraft . . C-135 aircraft . . C-140 aircraft . . C-141 aircraft . . C-160 aircraft . . CH-21 helicopter . . CL-44 aircraft . . DC 3 aircraft . . DC 7 aircraft . . P-160 aircraft . . P-166 aircraft . . spanloader aircraft . . YC-14 aircraft RT air cargo # aircraft Boeing 727 aircraft Boeing 737 aircraft Boeing 767 aircraft commercial aircraft heavy lift helicopters jet aircraft materials handling Mercure aircraft MH-262 aircraft # military aircraft monoplanes passenger aircraft SC-7 aircraft supersonic transports T-39 aircraft TU-154 aircraft utility aircraft VC-10 aircraft very large transport aircraft cargo ships UF LOTS cargo ships GS surface vehicles . cargo ships . . Savannah nuclear ship . . tanker ships water vehicles . ships . . cargo ships . . . Savannah nuclear ship . . . tanker ships RT artificial harbors deepwater terminals nuclear powered ships offshore docking offshore platforms shipyards tanker terminals wharves cargo spacecraft RT Automated Transfer Vehicle ferry spacecraft # spacecraft Cargomaster aircraft USE C-133 aircraft Caribbean region DEF The region that consists of all or parts of the islands of the Caribbean Sea, the Bahamas, the British dependent territories, the Virgin Islands, and the mainland areas of the three Guianas and Belize. RT Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Cuba developing nations Dominican Republic French Guiana Grenada Guyana Haiti Jamaica Martinique Surinam Trinidad and Tobago Virgin Islands West Indies Caribbean Sea GS seas . Caribbean Sea RT Belize Cuba Dominican Republic Gulf of Mexico Gulf Stream Haiti Panama Canal Zone Virgin Islands Caribou aircraft USE DHC 4 aircraft caribous GS animals . vertebrates . . mammals . . . deer . . . . caribous Carme (added January 1996) DEF A natural satellite of Jupiter orbiting at a mean distance of 22,600,000 kilometers. GS celestial bodies . natural satellites . . Jupiter satellites . . . Carme RT Jupiter (planet) carnitine GS organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . heterocyclic compounds . . . carnitine vitamins . carnitine Carnot cycle DEF An idealized reversible thermodynamic cycle. The Carnot cycle consists of four stages: (a) an isothermal expansion of the gas at temperature T1; (b) an adiabatic expansion to temperature T2; (c) an isothermal compression at temperature T2; (d) an adiabatic compression to the original state of the gas to complete the cycle. GS cycles . thermodynamic cycles . . Carnot cycle RT adiabatic conditions Rankine cycle Stirling cycle carotene GS organic compounds . hydrocarbons . . carotene pigments . carotene RT retinene skin (anatomy) carotid sinus body RT arteries blood vessels cardiovascular system carotid sinus reflex chemoreceptors circulatory system nerves sinuses carotid sinus reflex GS reflexes . baroreflexes . . carotid sinus reflex RT arteries blood vessels cardiovascular system carotid sinus body circulatory system heart function nerves sinuses Carpathian Mountains (Europe) GS landforms . mountains . . Carpathian Mountains (Europe) RT Europe carriages RT carts chassis dollies frames landing gear supports undercarriages carrier density (solid state) DEF The charge carrier concentrations of holes and/or electrons in a semiconductor which determines its electronic characteristics and function. GS density (number/volume) . particle density (concentration) . . electron density (concentration) . . . carrier density (solid state) RT acceptor materials carrier lifetime carrier transport (solid state) # carriers donor materials electron-hole drops semiconductors (materials) Zener effect carrier frequencies GS frequencies . carrier frequencies RT carrier to noise ratios frequency division multiplexing harmonic generations modulation multiplexing radio frequencies single channel per carrier transmission sweep frequency unified S band carrier injection GS injection . carrier injection RT additives Barritt diodes bipolar transistors carrier lifetime charge carriers charge transfer injection locking ion injection majority carriers minority carriers radiative recombination semiconductors (materials) Suhl effect traveling solvent method carrier lifetime GS life (durability) . carrier lifetime RT carrier density (solid state) carrier injection carrier mobility carrier transport (solid state) charge carriers minority carriers solar cells carrier mobility GS electrical properties . carrier mobility . . electron mobility . . hole mobility mobility . carrier mobility . . electron mobility . . hole mobility transport properties . carrier mobility . . electron mobility . . hole mobility RT carrier lifetime electrical resistivity electromagnetic properties excitons Hall effect ion implantation superconductors (materials) carrier modulation USE modulation carrier rockets USE launch vehicles carrier sense multiple access (added April 2000) DEF A data transmission protocol for multi-access networks where each node in the network senses traffic and waits for it to clear before transmitting; if two or more nodes transmit simultaneously, they wait a random interval before attempting to re-transmit. GS protocol (computers) . carrier sense multiple access telecommunication . multiple access . . carrier sense multiple access transmission . signal transmission . . data transmission . . . multiple access . . . . carrier sense multiple access RT communication networks computer networks Ethernet local area networks packet transmission carrier systems USE wireless communication carrier to noise ratios DEF RF signal power input to the receiver divided by the noise power input. RT carrier frequencies communication satellites data transmission downlinking Earth terminals frequency modulation signal to noise ratios transmission efficiency uplinking carrier transport (solid state) DEF The mobility of conduction electrons or holes in semiconductors. RT carrier density (solid state) carrier lifetime diffusion length energy conversion efficiency solar cells carrier waves DEF Waves generated at a point in the transmitting system and modulated by the signal. Used for subcarrier waves. UF subcarrier waves RT modulation radio spectra # carriers SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT aircraft carriers carrier density (solid state) charge carriers Zener effect Carrington rotation USE solar rotation Cartan space RT compressible flow fluid flow potential flow # space Cartesian coordinates DEF A coordinate system in which the locations of points in space are expressed by reference to three planes, called coordinate planes, no two of which are parallel. Used for rectangular coordinates. UF rectangular coordinates GS coordinates . Cartesian coordinates geometry . Euclidean geometry . . Cartesian coordinates RT cylindrical coordinates oblique coordinates cartilage GS anatomy . musculoskeletal system . . cartilage tissues (biology) . connective tissue . . cartilage RT bones larynx cartography USE mapping cartridge actuated devices USE actuators explosive devices cartridges RT cases (containers) # containers packages projectiles propellants carts RT carriages materials handling undercarriages cascade control UF multiloop systems GS automatic control . feedback control . . cascade control RT# cascades # control electronic control optical control remote control cascade flow GS fluid flow . cascade flow RT# cascades outlet flow turbomachine blades Cascade Range (CA-OR-WA) GS land . Cascade Range (CA-OR-WA) landforms . mountains . . Cascade Range (CA-OR-WA) RT California Oregon United States Washington cascade wind tunnels GS test facilities . wind tunnels . . hypersonic wind tunnels . . . cascade wind tunnels . . hypervelocity wind tunnels . . . cascade wind tunnels RT hypersonic flow shock tunnels # cascades SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT cascade control cascade flow circuits cosmic ray showers electron photon cascades cascades (fluid dynamics) USE fluid dynamics cascode devices (added August 1998) DEF Amplifier devices consisting of a common grounded-emitter (cathode) or source stage that drives a grounded-base output stage, resulting in high-impedance, high-gain, and low-noise, GS amplifiers . cascode devices electronic equipment . solid state devices . . semiconductor devices . . . cascode devices RT CMOS field effect transistors high electron mobility transistors switching circuits transistor amplifiers transistor circuits transistors cascode MOSFET USE field effect transistors case bonded propellants GS propellants . solid propellants . . case bonded propellants RT ammunition composite propellants explosives hybrid propellants inhibitors plasticizers solid rocket propellants case histories GS histories . case histories RT anthropology biography clinical medicine documentation etiology phenomenology records sociology cases (containers) GS cases (containers) . rocket engine cases RT boxes (containers) cartridges # containers missile bodies packages # shelves # casing SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT coverings enclosure jackets linings pipes (tubes) sheaths casks USE barrels (containers) Caspian Sea GS seas . Caspian Sea RT coasts Cassegrain antennas GS antennas . Cassegrain antennas RT antenna design Gregorian antennas parabolic antennas reflector antennas subreflectors two reflector antennas Cassegrain optics RT fiber optics geometrical optics mirrors # optics reflecting telescopes telescopes Cassini mission (added August 1988) GS space missions . Cassini mission RT European Space Agency European space programs Huygens probe international cooperation Mariner Mark 2 Spacecraft # missions NASA space programs Saturn (planet) space exploration space probes Titan Titan 4B launch vehicle Cassiopeia A GS celestial bodies . nebulae . . Cassiopeia A . radio sources (astronomy) . . Cassiopeia A RT Orion nebula Cassiopeia constellation GS constellations . Cassiopeia constellation RT celestial bodies celestial sphere stars cast alloys GS alloys . cast alloys RT castings mechanical properties microstructure rheocasting squeeze casting Castigliano variational theorem GS theorems . Castigliano variational theorem RT calculus of variations energy methods Euler-Lagrange equation stress analysis structural analysis casting GS forming techniques . casting . . centrifugal casting . . investment casting . . propellant casting . . rheocasting . . sand casting . . slip casting . . squeeze casting RT baking billets dies extruding forging inclusions ingots liquid metals melting metal working # metallurgy microstructure molding materials molds mushy zones pinholes polymeric films pouring pultrusion resin transfer molding shrinkage solidification casting solvents USE plasticizers castings GS castings . ingots . propellant casting RT billets cast alloys defects degassing flat patterns inclusions microstructure molds pinholes pouring risers solidification Castor 2 engine USE TX-354 engine castor oil GS oils . castor oil organic compounds . lipids . . castor oil RT fatty acids casts RT damage assessment gauze plasters splints casualties RT death disasters evacuating (transportation) CAT scanner USE computer aided tomography catabolism GS metabolism . catabolism RT physiology cataclysmic variables GS celestial bodies . stars . . double stars . . . binary stars . . . . cataclysmic variables . . variable stars . . . cataclysmic variables RT dwarf stars eclipsing binary stars flare stars hot stars novae periodic variations solar oscillations stellar flares stellar mass ejection stellar oscillations superhumps (astronomy) white dwarf stars catalase GS biopolymers . proteins . . enzymes . . . catalase organic compounds . proteins . . enzymes . . . catalase RT cells (biology) # catalogs SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT astronomical catalogs catalogs (publications) hardware utilization lists indexes (documentation) lists catalogs (publications) GS documents . catalogs (publications) . . astronomical catalogs RT# catalogs categories documentation information dissemination libraries catalysis GS catalysis . autocatalysis RT# acceleration activation catalytic activity cracking (chemical engineering) Fischer-Tropsch process reaction kinetics catalysts GS catalysts . electrocatalysts . Hopcalite (trademark) . Ziegler catalyst RT accelerating agents additives admixtures coal derived gases coal derived liquids enzymes Grignard reactions high energy fuels inhibitors # initiators platinum black propellant additives reagents retardants catalytic activity RT activity (biology) autocatalysis catalysis cracking (chemical engineering) Fischer-Tropsch process catapults DEF A power-actuated machine or device for hurling forth something, as an airplane or missile, at a high initial speed; also a device usually explosive, for ejecting a person from an aircraft. GS launchers . catapults . . rocket catapults RT aircraft launching devices missile launchers sea launching cataracts GS diseases . eye diseases . . cataracts RT lenses occupational diseases catastrophe theory RT discontinuity divergence predictions # theories topology catchers RT electron bunching klystrons output catchment areas USE watersheds catecholamine GS amines . catecholamine . . epinephrine . . norepinephrine RT dopamine hormones neurotransmitters categories RT catalogs (publications) classes # groups # sections catenaries GS geometry . curves (geometry) . . catenaries . Euclidean geometry . . analytic geometry . . . catenaries catheterization RT blood vessels intravenous procedures cathetometers GS measuring instruments . optical measuring instruments . . cathetometers optical equipment . optical measuring instruments . . cathetometers cathode glow GS emission . light emission . . luminescence . . . cathode glow RT cathodoluminescence glow discharges rarefied plasmas cathode ray tubes DEF Vacuum tubes consisting essentially of an electron gun producing a concentrated electron beam (or cathode ray) which impinges on a phosphorescent coating on the back of a viewing face (or screen). The excitation of the phosphor produces light, the intensity of which is controlled by the flow of electrons. Deflection of the beam is achieved either electromagnetically by currents in coils around the tube, or electrostatically by voltages on internal deflection plates. GS electron tubes . vacuum tubes . . cathode ray tubes . . . monoscopes . . . picture tubes RT display devices electron guns electron optics image tubes magnetic lenses oscilloscopes printers raster scanning television equipment video equipment cathodes DEF In electron tubes, electrodes through which a primary stream of electrons enters the interelectrode space. GS electrodes . cathodes . . cell cathodes . . hollow cathodes . . tube cathodes . . . cold cathodes . . . hot cathodes . . . photocathodes . . . thermionic cathodes . . . tunnel cathodes RT anodes cold cathode tubes electrode materials electron emission # filaments frequency modulation photomultipliers photomultiplier tubes phototubes thermionics tube anodes cathodic coatings DEF Material forming a continuous film on a base metal by mechanical coating or by electroplating. GS coatings . cathodic coatings RT anodic coatings cladding electrode materials electrodeposition electroplating metal oxides mischmetal oxide films oxides plating cathodoluminescence DEF Luminescence produced when high velocity electrons bombard a metal in a vacuum, thus vaporizing small amounts of the metal which, in an excited state, emit radiation characteristic of the metal. GS emission . light emission . . luminescence . . . cathodoluminescence RT cathode glow light sources porous silicon visible spectrum catholytes GS conductors . electrolytes . . catholytes RT anolytes cell cathodes diaphragms (mechanics) cations DEF Positively-charged ions. GS ions . positive ions . . cations . . . formyl ions . . . vanadyl radical RT anions cell cathodes ionic mobility metal ions cats GS animals . vertebrates . . mammals . . . cats CATT devices DEF Controlled avalanche transit time triodes which use avalanche multiplication in the collector depletion region of a silicon, bipolar, transistor-like structure to increase the gain and thereby achieve a higher frequency operation of silicon bipolar transistors. Used for controlled avalanche transit time devices. UF controlled avalanche transit time devices RT electron avalanche power gain transit time triodes cattle GS animals . vertebrates . . mammals . . . cattle . . . . calves RT grazing livestock rangelands CATV USE cable television Caucasus Mountains (U.S.S.R.) GS landforms . mountains . . Caucasus Mountains (U.S.S.R.) RT U.S.S.R. Cauchy integral formula GS analysis (mathematics) . complex variables . . Cauchy integral formula Cauchy problem UF Riemann problem GS boundary value problems . Cauchy problem RT differential equations Godunov method # problems Cauchy-Riemann equations GS analysis (mathematics) . real variables . . differential equations . . . partial differential equations . . . . Cauchy-Riemann equations RT analytic functions # equations Godunov method caulking DEF Material ranging in physical characteristics from plastic to solid to preformed. Used to seal and waterproof joints and overlaps in structures, other assemblies or portions thereof where movement may occur. RT moisture resistance plugging sealing waterproofing causes RT# effects etiology # origins # sources caustic lines DEF The locations of wave front interactions induced by the maneuvers of supersonic aircraft in changing direction and/or attitude. RT flight paths shock waves sonic booms supersonic flight wave fronts caustics USE alkalies caustics (optics) DEF The envelope of rays diffracted by surface defects in materials. RT diffraction fracture mechanics # optics polarized radiation # rays surface defects caves RT cavities karst kettles (geology) underground structures cavitation USE cavitation flow cavitation corrosion GS corrosion . cavitation corrosion RT cavitation flow corrosion prevention corrosion resistance corrosion tests erosion cavitation flow DEF The formation of bubbles in a liquid, occurring whenever the static pressure at any point in the fluid flow becomes less than the fluid vapor pressure. Used for cavitation and gaseous cavitation. UF cavitation gaseous cavitation GS fluid flow . turbulent flow . . cavitation flow . . . supercavitating flow RT bubbles cavitation corrosion erosion flow distribution impingement separated flow ultrasonic cleaning vortices wakes water cavities UF bores GS cavities . laser cavities RT apertures boreholes caves cavity flow # cells crack geometry cracks defects ducts gas pockets hole distribution (mechanics) # holes holes (mechanics) # hollow interstices karst kettles (geology) leakage openings orifices outlets passageways perforated plates perforated shells # perforation ports (openings) recesses tooth diseases vents voids cavitons DEF Density cavities created by localized oscillating electric fields. RT electric fields plasma density plasma physics plasma resonance cavity flow (added November 1991) GS fluid flow . internal flow . . cavity flow RT cavities channel flow corner flow ducted flow engine inlets # flow fluid boundaries open channel flow pipe flow cavity resonators UF resonant cavities GS resonators . cavity resonators . . superconducting cavity resonators RT circulators (phase shift circuits) cyclotron resonance devices electron tubes field mode theory Helmholtz resonators klystrons magnetrons microwave resonance multimode resonators oscillators resonant frequencies traveling wave masers velocity modulation cavity vapor generators RT# generators vaporizers vapors cays USE keys (islands) CC-106 aircraft USE CL-44 aircraft CCD USE charge coupled devices CCD cameras (added September 1995) GS optical equipment . cameras . . CCD cameras photographic equipment . cameras . . CCD cameras RT CCD star tracker charge coupled devices Clementine spacecraft digital cameras photography CCD star tracker DEF Navigation instrument designed for the NASA space transportation system. Used for stellar (star tracker). UF Stellar (star tracker) GS tracking (position) . star trackers . . CCD star tracker RT CCD cameras celestial navigation charge coupled devices spacecraft guidance CDC 160-A computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 160-A computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 160-A computer CDC 1604 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 1604 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 1604 computer CDC 3100 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 3100 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 3100 computer CDC 3200 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 3200 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 3200 computer CDC 3600 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 3600 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 3600 computer CDC 3800 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 3800 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 3800 computer CDC 6000 series computers GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 6000 series computers . . . . CDC 6400 computer . . . . CDC 6600 computer . . . . CDC 6700 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 6000 series computers . . . . CDC 6400 computer . . . . CDC 6600 computer . . . . CDC 6700 computer CDC 6400 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 6000 series computers . . . . CDC 6400 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 6000 series computers . . . . CDC 6400 computer CDC 6600 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 6000 series computers . . . . CDC 6600 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 6000 series computers . . . . CDC 6600 computer CDC 6700 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 6000 series computers . . . . CDC 6700 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 6000 series computers . . . . CDC 6700 computer CDC 7000 series computers GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 7000 series computers . . . CDC 7600 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 7000 series computers . . . CDC 7600 computer CDC 7600 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 7000 series computers . . . . CDC 7600 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 7000 series computers . . . . CDC 7600 computer CDC 8090 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 8090 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 8090 computer CDC computers GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC 160-A computer . . . CDC 1604 computer . . . CDC 3100 computer . . . CDC 3200 computer . . . CDC 3600 computer . . . CDC 3800 computer . . . CDC 6000 series computers . . . CDC 6400 computer . . . CDC 6600 computer . . . CDC 6700 computer . . . CDC 7000 series computers . . . CDC 7600 computer . . . CDC 8090 computer . . . CDC Cyber 170 series computers . . . CDC Cyber 175 computer . . . CDC Cyber 74 computer . . . CDC Cyber 174 computer . . . CDC Cyber 203 computer . . . CDC Cyber 205 computer . . . CDC Star 100 computer RT digital computers CDC Cyber 74 computer UF Cyber 74 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC Cyber 74 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC Cyber 74 computer CDC Cyber 170 series computers GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC Cyber 170 series computers . . . CDC Cyber 175 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC Cyber 170 series computers . . . CDC Cyber 175 computer CDC Cyber 174 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC Cyber 174 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC Cyber 174 computer CDC Cyber 175 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC Cyber 170 series computers . . . . CDC Cyber 175 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC Cyber 170 series computers . . . . CDC Cyber 175 computer CDC Cyber 203 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC Cyber 203 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC Cyber 203 computer CDC Cyber 205 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC Cyber 205 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC Cyber 205 computer CDC Star 100 computer GS data processing equipment . computers . . CDC computers . . . CDC Star 100 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC Star 100 computer CDMA USE code division multiple access CD-ROM (added September 1992) GS computer components . computer storage devices . . read-only memory devices . . . CD-ROM RT data bases information retrieval information systems optical disks optical memory (data storage) Cedar Rapids (IA) GS cities . Cedar Rapids (IA) RT Iowa CEFOAM checkout equipment RT checkout # test equipment ceiling (aircraft capability) RT# aircraft aircraft specifications # ceilings flight altitude flight characteristics # ceilings SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT ceiling (aircraft capability) ceilings (architecture) ceilings (meteorology) ceilings (architecture) RT buildings # ceilings # diffusers floors insulation panels reflectors ceilings (meteorology) DEF The height above the Earth's surface of the lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena that is reported as "broken", overcast" or "obscuration" and not classified as "thin" or "partial". RT aircraft landing # ceilings cloud height indicators meteorological parameters meteorology visibility ceilometers USE cloud height indicators celescopes GS electron tubes . vacuum tubes . . microwave tubes . . . celescopes microwave equipment . microwave tubes . . celescopes mirrors . celescopes optical equipment . image converters . . celescopes telescopes . celescopes RT solar instruments celestial bodies DEF Any aggregations of matter in space constituting a unit for astronomical study, as the sun, moon, a planet, comet, star, or nebula. Also called heavenly bodies. GS celestial bodies . asteroid belts . . Toro asteroid . asteroids . . Amor asteroid . . Amphitrite asteroid . . Apollo asteroids . . Ceres asteroid . . Chiron . . EROS asteroid . . Gaspra asteroid . . Icarus asteroid . . Ida asteroid . . Toro asteroid . . Toutatis asteroid . . Trojan asteroids . . Vesta asteroid . blazars . . BL Lacertae objects . comet heads . comet nuclei . comet tails . comets . . Arend-Roland comet . . Austin comet . . Brorsen-Metcalf comet . . Encke comet . . Giacobini-Zinner comet . . Grigg-Skjellerup comet . . Hale-Bopp comet . . Halley's comet . . Humason comet . . IRAS-Araki-Alcock comet . . Kohoutek comet . . Morehouse comet . . Mrkos comet . . Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko comet . . Schwassmann-Wachmann comet . . Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet . . Tempel 2 comet . . West comet . . Wild 2 comet . faint objects . galactic clusters . . local group (astronomy) . . Virgo galactic cluster . galaxies . . active galaxies . . . Markarian galaxies . . . radio galaxies . . . Seyfert galaxies . . compact galaxies . . disk galaxies . . dwarf galaxies . . elliptical galaxies . . interacting galaxies . . irregular galaxies . . Maffei galaxies . . Magellanic clouds . . peculiar galaxies . . ring galaxies . . shell galaxies . . spiral galaxies . . . Andromeda Galaxy . . . barred galaxies . . . Milky Way Galaxy . . starburst galaxies . . Virgo galactic cluster . infrared sources (astronomy) . . infrared stars . meteorites . . iron meteorites . . . Aroos meteorite . . . Lazarev meteorite . . . Odessa meteorite . . . Sikhote-Alin meteorite . . micrometeorites . . stony meteorites . . . achondrites . . . . Bondoc meteorite . . . chassignites . . . . Kapoeta achondrite . . . nakhlites . . . . Norton County achondrite . . . shergottites . . . SNC meteorites . . . ureilites . . . carbonaceous meteorites . . . . carbonaceous chondrites . . . . Alais meteorite . . . . . Allende meteorite . . . . . Cold Bokkeveld meteorite . . . . Ivuna meteorite . . . . . Murchison meteorite . . . . . Murray meteorite . . . . . Orgueil meteorite . . . . . Tonk meteorite . . . ureilites . . . chondrites . . . Bruderheim meteorite . . . . carbonaceous chondrites . . . . . Alais meteorite . . . . . Allende meteorite . . . . . Cold Bokkeveld meteorite . . . . . Ivuna meteorite . . . . . Murchison meteorite . . . . . Murray meteorite . . . . . Orgueil meteorite . . . . . Tonk meteorite . . . . Harleton meteorite . . . . Hvittis chondrite . . . . Okhansk meteorite . . . . Pantar chondrites . . . . Pribram meteorite . . . tektites . . . . australites . . . . bediasites . . . Tungusk meteorite . . stony-iron meteorites . meteoroid showers . . Aquarid meteoroids . . Arietid meteoroids . . Cyrillid meteoroids . . Draconid meteoroids . . Geminid meteoroids . . Leonid meteoroids . . Orionid meteoroids . . Perseid meteoroids . . Quadrantid meteoroids . . Taurid meteoroids . meteoroids . . Aquarid meteoroids . . Arietid meteoroids . . bolides . . . Cyrillid meteoroids . . Draconid meteoroids . . Geminid meteoroids . . Leonid meteoroids . . micrometeoroids . . . meteoroid dust clouds . . . . zodiacal dust . . Orionid meteoroids . . Perseid meteoroids . . Quadrantid meteoroids . . radio meteors . . sporadic meteoroids . . Taurid meteoroids . moonlets . natural satellites . . icy satellites . . . Ariel . . . Callisto . . . Dione . . . Enceladus . . . Europa . . . Ganymede . . . Hyperion . . . Iapetus . . . Mimas . . . Rhea (astronomy) . . . Tethys . . . Titania . . Jupiter satellites . . . Adrastea . . . Amalthea . . . Carme . . . Elara . . . Galilean satellites . . . . Callisto . . . . Europa . . . . Ganymede . . . . Io . . . Himalia . . . Leda . . . Lysithea . . . Metis . . . Pasiphae . . . Sinope . . . Thebe . . Mars satellites . . . Deimos . . . Phobos . . moon . . Neptune satellites . . . Galatea . . . Larissa . . . Naiad . . . Nereid . . . Proteus . . . Triton . . Pluto satellites . . . Charon . . Saturn satellites . . . Calypso . . . Dione . . . Enceladus . . . Epimetheus . . . Helene . . . Hyperion . . . Iapetus . . . Janus . . . Mimas . . . Pandora . . . Phoebe . . . Prometheus . . . Rhea (astronomy) . . . Telesto . . . Tethys . . . Titan . . Uranus satellites . . . Ariel . . . Cordelia . . . Miranda . . . Oberon . . . Puck . . . Titania . . . Umbriel . nebulae . . Cassiopeia A . . Crab nebula . . Gum nebula . . H I regions . . H II regions . . Herbig-Haro objects . . Orion nebula . . planetary nebulae . . reflection nebulae . . solar nebula . planetary rings . . Jupiter rings . . Saturn rings . . Uranus rings . planets . . extrasolar planets . . gas giant planets . . . Jupiter (planet) . . . Neptune (planet) . . . Saturn (planet) . . . Uranus (planet) . . Pluto (planet) . . terrestrial planets . . . Earth (planet) . . . Mars (planet) . . . Mercury (planet) . . . Venus (planet) . . hypothetical planets . protoplanets . radio sources (astronomy) . . Cassiopeia A . . extragalactic radio sources . . . radio galaxies . . . radio jets (astronomy) . . quasars . . radio stars . . . pulsars . solar system . star clusters . . globular clusters . . open clusters . . . Pleiades cluster . . . Praesepe star clusters . stars . . black holes (astronomy) . . brown dwarf stars . . double stars . . . binary stars . . . cataclysmic variables . . . companion stars . . . . . Nemesis (star) . . . eclipsing binary stars . . . . . dwarf novae . . . . . Lambda Tauri stars . . . . Zeta Aurigae star . . . Sigma Orionis . . . . symbiotic stars . . . . x ray binaries . . early stars . . . hot stars . . . . A stars . . . . B stars . . . . . shell stars . . . . . Sigma Orionis . . . . blue stars . . . . O stars . . . . white dwarf stars . . . . Wolf-Rayet stars . . F stars . . G stars . . . sun . . giant stars . . . asymptotic giant branch stars . . . Omicron Ceti star . . . red giant stars . . . . carbon stars . . horizontal branch stars . . infrared stars . . late stars . . . cool stars . . . . carbon stars . . . . flare stars . . . . K stars . . . . M stars . . . . . Van Biesbroeck star . . . Mira variables . . . . . Omicron Ceti star . . . . S stars . . magnetic stars . . . magnetars . . main sequence stars . . . dwarf stars . . . . dwarf novae . . . . flare stars . . . . red dwarf stars . . . sun . . massive stars . . metallic stars . . neutron stars . . . magnetars . . . pulsars . . . soft gamma repeaters . . peculiar stars . . . shell stars . . . Sigma Orionis . . . symbiotic stars . . Praesepe star clusters . . protostars . . . pre-main sequence stars . . . . T Tauri stars . . radio stars . . . pulsars . . reference stars . . subdwarf stars . . subgiant stars . . supergiant stars . . . R Coronae Borealis stars . . supermassive stars . . triple stars . . variable stars . . . cataclysmic variables . . . cepheid variables . . . flare stars . . . irregular variable stars . . . . R Coronae Borealis stars . . . Lambda Tauri stars . . . Mira variables . . . . Omicron Ceti star . . . novae . . . . dwarf novae . . . . Hercules nova . . . semiregular variable stars . . . supernovae . . . . supernova 1987A . . . symbiotic stars . . . T Tauri stars . . white holes (astronomy) . . x ray stars . . . soft gamma repeaters . . . x ray binaries . . Population III stars . massive compact halo objects . meteorite parent bodies . near Earth objects . stellar systems RT Aries constellation asteroid capture astrodynamics astrolabes astronomical observatories astronomy astrophysics # bodies Cassiopeia constellation Centaurus constellation Corona Borealis constellation Cygnus constellation gravitational waves impact melts interstellar matter Lyra constellation orbits solar neighborhood space flight universe celestial geodesy DEF The determination of the form of the Earth, of the Earth's graviational field, and of relative positions of satellite trajectories. GS geodesy . celestial geodesy RT Explorer 29 satellite Explorer 36 satellite geodetic satellites GEOS 1 satellite GEOS 2 satellite GEOS 3 satellite International Satellite Geodesy Experiment satellite laser ranging time celestial mechanics DEF The study of the theory of motions of celestial bodies under the influence of gravitational fields. GS classical mechanics . space mechanics . . celestial mechanics RT astrodynamics astronomy astrophysics ephemerides equations of motion four body problem gravitational waves hyperbolic trajectories Lagrangian equilibrium points long term effects many body problem # mechanics (physics) orbital mechanics orbital resonances (celestial mechanics) orbits perturbation theory planets Roche limit Schach effect solar system stars stellar orbits sun terrestrial planets three body problem trajectory analysis Trojan orbits two body problem Wolf-Rayet stars celestial navigation DEF The process of directing a craft from one point to another by reference to celestial bodies of known constants. GS navigation . celestial navigation . . Astroguide Navigation System . . astronavigation RT air navigation autonomous navigation CCD star tracker inertial navigation injection guidance interplanetary navigation polar navigation radar navigation radio navigation reference stars solar position space navigation spacecraft guidance star trackers surface navigation celestial observation USE astronomy celestial reference systems RT air navigation astronomical coordinates astronomical maps azimuth coordinates geocentric coordinates inertial reference systems interplanetary navigation interstellar travel laser guide stars planetocentric coordinates # reference systems solar longitude spherical coordinates # systems celestial sphere DEF An imaginary sphere of infinite radius concentric with the Earth, on which all celestial bodies except the Earth are assumed to be projected. GS symmetrical bodies . bodies of revolution . . spheres . . . celestial sphere RT Aries constellation astronomical maps Cassiopeia constellation Centaurus constellation constellations Corona Borealis constellation Cygnus constellation horizon Lyra constellation orbital position estimation planispheres zenith cell anodes GS electrodes . anodes . . cell anodes RT anions anolytes cell cathodes electrode materials cell cathodes GS electrodes . cathodes . . cell cathodes RT catholytes cations cell anodes electrode materials electrodeposition cell division GS cytogenesis . cell division RT# division mitosis reproduction (biology) cell membranes (biology) GS membranes . cell membranes (biology) RT cells (biology) cytology osmosis cellophane RT cellulose # polymers # cells SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT activation (biology) cavities cells (biology) compartments cores electrochemical cells electrolytic cells fillers fuel cells geophysical fluid flow cells hexagonal cells honeycomb structures Kerr cells lithium sulfur batteries particle in cell technique photoconductive cells photoelectric cells photovoltaic cells porous materials resolution cell solar cells tissues (biology) topology cells (biology) UF biological cells GS cells (biology) . blood cells . . erythrocytes . . . reticulocytes . . hemocytes . . leukocytes . . . eosinophils . . . lymphocytes . eukaryotes . fibroblasts . gametocytes . . eggs . . spermatozoa . macrophages . neurons . . axons . . neuroblasts . osteoblasts . prokaryotes . protoplasts RT anatomy apoptosis # biology cancer catalase cell membranes (biology) # cells chlorophylls chloroplasts chromosomes cloning (biology) cytogenesis cytology cytometry cytoplasm endoplasmic reticulum endothelium ganglia hematopoiesis hemoglobin histochemical analysis Krebs cycle lysosomes mitochondria mitosis mutagens mutations necrosis neuroglia neurotransmitters nuclei (cytology) organelles organs plasmolysis sarcoplasmic reticulum tissue engineering tissues (biology) cellular manufacturing USE group technology (manufacturing) cellular materials (non biological) USE foams cellulose DEF The carbohydrate that is the principal constituent of wood and forms of structural framework of the wood cells. GS biopolymers . polysaccharides . . cellulose . . . Fortisan (trademark) organic compounds . carbohydrates . . polysaccharides . . . cellulose . . . . Fortisan (trademark) RT cellophane lignin Masonite (trademark) synthetic food tenite wood cellulose nitrate UF nitrocellulose pyroxylin GS esters . organic nitrates . . cellulose nitrate explosives . cellulose nitrate nitrogen compounds . nitrates . . organic nitrates . . . cellulose nitrate RT double base propellants double base rocket propellants cementation RT adhesive bonding agglomeration agglutination bonding heating precipitation (chemistry) cementite DEF An intermetallic compound containing iron and carbon. GS carbon compounds . carbides . . cementite RT iron alloys microstructure pearlite steels cements RT adhesives binders (materials) bricks concretes # construction materials grout masonry mortars (material) sealing CEMS system USE Central Electronic Management System Cenozoic Era (added June 1989) DEF An era of geologic time, from the beginning of the Tertiary Period to the present. (Some authors do not include the Quarternary, considering it a separate era.) It is characterized by the evolution and abundance of mammals, advanced mollusks, and birds and paleobotanically, by angiosperms. The Cenozoic Era is considered to have begun about 65 million years ago. GS Cenozoic Era . Quaternary period . Tertiary Period . . Holocene epoch . . Pleistocene epoch RT Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction geochronology paleontology censored data (mathematics) GS data processing . censored data (mathematics) RT approximation # data error analysis probability density functions reliability sampling statistical analysis statistical distributions census RT animals demography human beings # statistics urban planning Centaur launch vehicle UF Centaur vehicle GS launch vehicles . Centaur launch vehicle . . Atlas Centaur launch vehicle rocket vehicles . Centaur launch vehicle . . Atlas Centaur launch vehicle RT Atlas D ICBM liquid propellant rocket engines Saturn project Titan Centaur launch vehicle Centaur project GS programs . NASA programs . . NASA space programs . . . Centaur project . projects . . Centaur project . space programs . . NASA space programs . . . Centaur project RT Atlas Centaur launch vehicle launch vehicles Mariner program RL-10 engines Surveyor project Centaur vehicle USE Centaur launch vehicle Centaurus constellation GS constellations . Centaurus constellation RT celestial bodies celestial sphere stars center of gravity DEF The center of mass of a system of masses, as the barycenter of the Earth-moon system. Used for barycenter. UF barycenter RT center of mass # centers centroids gravitational fields lunar rotation mass moments of inertia center of mass DEF A point of a material body or system of bodies which moves as though the system's total mass existed at that point and all external forces were applied at the point. GS mass . center of mass RT center of gravity mascons weight (mass) center of pressure RT# centers hydrostatic pressure moments of inertia pressure pressure distribution pressure heads centerbodies RT afterbodies aircraft structures # bodies cylindrical bodies forebodies fuselages # centers SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT center of gravity center of pressure color centers concentricity foci loci world data centers centimeter waves DEF Electromagnetic radiation in the 3,000 to 30,000 MHz range. GS electromagnetic radiation . radio waves . . short wave radiation . . . microwaves . . . . centimeter waves RT cosmic noise extraterrestrial radio waves microwave frequencies superhigh frequencies Central African Republic GS nations . Central African Republic RT Africa Central America GS regions . Central America RT Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua North America Panama Panama Canal Zone South America Central Atlantic Region (US) GS regions . Central Atlantic Region (US) RT United States Central Atlantic Regional Ecol Test Site SN (CENTRAL ATLANTIC REGIONAL ECOLOGICAL TEST SITE) UF CARETS (test site) GS sites . Central Atlantic Regional Ecol Test Site test facilities . Central Atlantic Regional Ecol Test Site RT ecology environment protection central bulge (galaxies) USE galactic bulge Central Electronic Management System UF CEMS system GS data processing . Central Electronic Management System RT management # systems Central Europe GS continents . Europe . . Central Europe regions . Central Europe RT Austria continents Czechoslovakia East Germany Germany Hungary Poland Romania West Germany central nervous system GS anatomy . nervous system . . central nervous system . . . brain . . . . brain stem . . . . cerebellum . . . . cerebral ventricles . . . . cerebrum . . . . . cerebral cortex . . . . . occipital lobes . . . . diencephalon . . . . . hypothalamus . . . . . pineal gland . . . . . thalamus . . . . hippocampus . . . spinal cord RT blood-brain barrier psychopharmacology psychotropic drugs # systems central nervous system depressants GS depressants . central nervous system depressants drugs . central nervous system depressants RT amobarbital psychopharmacology # systems tranquilizers central nervous system stimulants GS drugs . stimulants . . central nervous system stimulants RT amphetamines psychopharmacology # systems Central Piedmont (US) GS landforms . terraces (landforms) . . plateaus . . . piedmonts . . . . Central Piedmont (US) RT mountains central processing units DEF The units of computing systems that include the circuits controlling the interpretation of instructions and their execution. Used for processors (computers). UF processors (computers) GS computer components . central processing units . . arithmetic and logic units . . RISC processors RT chips (electronics) computer storage devices computers control units (computers) logic circuits microprocessors registers (computers) centrifugal casting GS forming techniques . casting . . centrifugal casting RT investment casting centrifugal compressors GS compressors . centrifugal compressors turbomachinery . centrifugal compressors RT blowers compressor blades compressor rotors impellers pump impellers pumps radial flow rotors superchargers turbocompressors centrifugal force DEF The apparent force in a rotating system, deflecting masses radially from the axis or rotation. RT angular acceleration centrifuges centripetal force # force Goertler instability centrifugal pumps GS pumps . centrifugal pumps turbomachinery . centrifugal pumps RT axial flow pumps fuel pumps impellers pump impellers turbine pumps turbocompressors centrifuges DEF Specifically in aerospace, large motor driven apparatus with long arms at the end of which human and animal subjects or equipment can be revolved and rotated at various speeds to simulate (very closely) the (prolonged) accelerations in high performance aircraft, rockets, and spacecraft. Sometimes called astronautic centrifuges. Used for cyclones (equipment). UF cyclones (equipment) GS centrifuges . human centrifuges RT centrifugal force centrifuging centripetal force classifiers clinostats concentrators extraction flight simulators fluid filters high gravity environments separators space simulators # test equipment training simulators centrifuging RT centrifuges clinorotation concentrating extraction materials recovery # separation swirling centrifuging stress GS stress (biology) . acceleration stresses (physiology) . . centrifuging stress stress (physiology) . acceleration stresses (physiology) . . centrifuging stress RT acceleration tolerance gravitational physiology centripetal force RT angular acceleration centrifugal force centrifuges # force revolving centroids RT center of gravity moments of inertia Centurion aircraft USE Cessna 210 aircraft cephalagia USE headache cephalopods GS animals . invertebrates . . mollusks . . . cephalopods . . . . octopuses cepheid variables GS celestial bodies . stars . . variable stars . . . cepheid variables RT Cepheus constellation Cepheus constellation GS constellations . Cepheus constellation RT cepheid variables cepstra DEF The Fourier transformation of the logarithm of the power spectrum. GS spectra . power spectra . . cepstra RT quefrencies cepstral analysis DEF The application of cepstral methods to wave or signal phenomena in seismology, speech analysis, echos, underwater acoustics, etc. GS data processing . signal analysis . . cepstral analysis . voice data processing . . cepstral analysis spectrum analysis . cepstral analysis RT acoustic measurement audio frequencies echoes multipath transmission power spectra signal reflection signature analysis spectral signatures speech recognition time lag vibration measurement ceramal protective coatings USE cermets protective coatings ceramals USE cermets ceramic bonding GS bonding . ceramic bonding RT ceramic matrix composites ceramics ceramic coatings SN (COATINGS CONSISTING OF CERAMIC MATERIALS) GS coatings . inorganic coatings . . ceramic coatings . protective coatings . . ceramic coatings RT carbon nitrides finishes metal coatings porcelain sprayed coatings vacuum deposition ceramic fibers DEF Fibers composed of ceramic materials. They are usually used for reinforcement. GS fibers . synthetic fibers . . ceramic fibers RT boron carbides ceramic matrix composites ceramics chemical vapor infiltration composite wrapping cordage fiber composites fiber orientation fiber strength filament winding # filaments polycarbosilanes reinforcing fibers silicon carbides strands titanium carbides ceramic honeycombs RT ceramic matrix composites honeycomb cores honeycomb structures ceramic matrix composites DEF Composite materials consisting of a reinforced ceramic matrix. GS composite materials . ceramic matrix composites RT aircraft construction materials boron reinforced materials ceramic bonding ceramic fibers ceramic honeycombs ceramics cermets chemical vapor infiltration composite structures crack bridging fiber pullout fiber pushout functionally gradient materials matrix materials nanocomposites reinforcing fibers silicon nitrides titanium carbides titanium nitrides ceramic nuclear fuels GS ceramics . ceramic nuclear fuels fuels . nuclear fuels . . ceramic nuclear fuels RT carbides cermets nitrides plutonium compounds plutonium oxides sol-gel processes thorium compounds uranium carbides uranium compounds uranium oxides ceramic-metal composites USE cermets ceramics DEF Inorganic compounds or mixtures requiring heat treatment to fuse them into homogeneous masses usually possessing high temperature strength but low ductility. Types and uses range from china for dishes to refractory liners for nozzles. GS ceramics . ceramic nuclear fuels . lead zirconate titanates . piezoelectric ceramics . porcelain . Pyroceram (trademark) RT abrasives Bakelite (trademark) bricks ceramic bonding ceramic fibers ceramic matrix composites cermets clays dielectrics ferroelastic materials ferroelectric materials frit glass glazes heat engines high temperature superconductors injection molding masonry # materials science mortars (material) photoacoustic microscopy pyrolytic materials reaction bonding refractories refractory coatings refractory materials sialon silicon dioxide tiles vitrification YBCO superconductors yttria-stabilized zirconia cerebellum GS anatomy . nervous system . . central nervous system . . . brain . . . . cerebellum cerebral cortex GS anatomy . nervous system . . central nervous system . . . brain . . . . cerebrum . . . . . cerebral cortex RT# cortexes cerebral vascular accidents RT cardiovascular system # strokes cerebral ventricles GS anatomy . nervous system . . central nervous system . . . brain . . . . cerebral ventricles RT cerebrospinal fluid cerebrum cerebrospinal fluid GS body fluids . cerebrospinal fluid RT brain cerebral ventricles # fluids cerebrum GS anatomy . nervous system . . central nervous system . . . brain . . . . cerebrum . . . . . cerebral cortex . . . . . occipital lobes RT cerebral ventricles Cerenkov counters GS measuring instruments . counters . . radiation counters . . . Cerenkov counters . radiation measuring instruments . . radiation counters . . . Cerenkov counters RT Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer scintillation counters Cerenkov effect USE Cerenkov radiation Cerenkov radiation DEF The radiation from a charged particle whose velocity is greater than the phase velocity that an electromagnetic wave would have if it were propagating in the medium. The particle will continue to lose energy by radiation until its velocity is less than this phase velocity. Used for Cerenkov effect. UF Cerenkov effect GS electromagnetic radiation . Cerenkov radiation RT bremsstrahlung corpuscular radiation cosmic rays # effects gamma ray bursts gamma rays light (visible radiation) nuclear radiation # radiation ultraviolet radiation Ceres asteroid GS celestial bodies . asteroids . . Ceres asteroid RT asteroid belts ceresin GS organic compounds . hydrocarbons . . aliphatic hydrocarbons . . . alkanes . . . . paraffins . . . . ceresin waxes . ceresin RT phase change materials cerium GS chemical elements . rare earth elements . . cerium . . . cerium isotopes . . . cerium 137 . . . cerium 144 metals . rare earth elements . . cerium . . . cerium isotopes . . . cerium 137 . . . cerium 144 RT mischmetal cerium 137 GS chemical elements . nuclides . . isotopes . . . cerium isotopes . . . . cerium 137 . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . cerium 137 . rare earth elements . . cerium . . . cerium isotopes . . . . cerium 137 metals . rare earth elements . . cerium . . . cerium isotopes . . . . cerium 137 cerium 144 GS chemical elements . nuclides . . isotopes . . . cerium isotopes . . . . cerium 144 . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . cerium 144 . rare earth elements . . cerium . . . cerium isotopes . . . . cerium 144 metals . rare earth elements . . cerium . . . cerium isotopes . . . . cerium 144 cerium compounds GS rare earth compounds . cerium compounds . . bastnasite . . cerium oxides RT# chemical compounds # metal compounds cerium isotopes GS chemical elements . nuclides . . isotopes . . . cerium isotopes . . . . cerium 137 . . . . cerium 144 . rare earth elements . . cerium . . . cerium isotopes . . . . cerium 137 . . . . cerium 144 metals . rare earth elements . . cerium . . . cerium isotopes . . . . cerium 137 . . . . cerium 144 cerium oxides GS chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . cerium oxides rare earth compounds . cerium compounds . . cerium oxides cermets DEF Bodies consisting of ceramic particles bonded with a metal; used in aircraft, rockets, and spacecraft for high strength, high temperature applications. The name is derived from a combination of CERamic and METal. Used for ceramal protective coatings and ceramals. UF ceramal protective coatings ceramals ceramic-metal composites GS composite materials . cermets RT ceramic matrix composites ceramic nuclear fuels ceramics combustion synthesis heat resistant alloys metals powder metallurgy refractories refractory materials YBCO superconductors certification DEF Personnel - The act of verifying and documenting that personnel have completed required training and have demonstrated specific proficiency. Process & Software An act, whereby a responsible official provides a written guarantee that a product, process, or service satisfies all performance and design requirements. RT aircraft reliability checkout evaluation flight tests performance tests physiological tests psychological tests qualifications quality control selection site selection training evaluation cesium GS chemical elements . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 133 . . . . cesium 134 . . . . cesium 137 . . . . cesium 144 metals . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 133 . . . . cesium 134 . . . . cesium 137 . . . . cesium 144 RT cesium alloys cesium antimonides cesium bromides cesium diodes cesium engines cesium fluorides cesium halides cesium hydrides cesium iodides cesium ions cesium plasma cesium vapor cesium 133 GS chemical elements . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 133 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 133 metals . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 133 cesium 134 GS chemical elements . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 134 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 134 . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . cesium 134 metals . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 134 cesium 137 GS chemical elements . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 137 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 137 . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . cesium 137 metals . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 137 cesium 144 GS chemical elements . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 144 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 144 . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . cesium 144 metals . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 144 cesium alloys GS alloys . cesium alloys RT alkali metals cesium cesium antimonides GS antimony compounds . antimonides . . cesium antimonides cesium compounds . cesium antimonides RT cesium cesium bromides GS cesium compounds . cesium halides . . cesium bromides halogen compounds . bromine compounds . . bromides . . . cesium bromides . halides . . bromides . . . cesium bromides . . metal halides . . . alkali halides . . . cesium halides . . . . cesium bromides RT cesium cesium compounds GS cesium compounds . cesium antimonides . cesium halides . . cesium bromides . . cesium fluorides . . cesium iodides . cesium hydrides . cesium oxides RT# alkali metal compounds # chemical compounds # metal compounds metal fuels cesium diodes GS electron tubes . thermionic diodes . . cesium diodes . vacuum tubes . . cesium diodes electronic equipment . diodes . . thermionic diodes . . . cesium diodes RT cesium plasma diodes thermionic converters cesium engines GS engines . rocket engines . . electric rocket engines . . . electrostatic engines . . . . ion engines . . . . . cesium engines RT cesium cesium fluorides GS cesium compounds . cesium halides . . cesium fluorides halogen compounds . fluorine compounds . . fluorides . . . metal fluorides . . . . cesium fluorides . halides . . fluorides . . . metal fluorides . . . . cesium fluorides . . metal halides . . . alkali halides . . . . cesium halides . . . . . cesium fluorides . . . metal fluorides . . . . cesium fluorides RT cesium cesium halides GS cesium compounds . cesium halides . . cesium bromides . . cesium fluorides . . cesium iodides halogen compounds . halides . . metal halides . . . alkali halides . . . . cesium halides . . . . . cesium bromides . . . . . cesium fluorides . . . . . cesium iodides RT cesium cesium hydrides GS cesium compounds . cesium hydrides hydrogen compounds . hydrides . . metal hydrides . . . cesium hydrides RT cesium cesium iodides GS cesium compounds . cesium halides . . cesium iodides halogen compounds . halides . . metal halides . . . alkali halides . . . . cesium halides . . . . . cesium iodides . iodine compounds . . iodides . . . cesium iodides RT cesium cesium ions GS ions . cesium ions RT cesium cesium isotopes GS chemical elements . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 133 . . . . cesium 134 . . . . cesium 137 . . . . cesium 144 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 133 . . . . cesium 134 . . . . cesium 137 . . . . cesium 144 metals . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 133 . . . . cesium 134 . . . . cesium 137 . . . . cesium 144 cesium oxides GS cesium compounds . cesium oxides chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . cesium oxides cesium plasma GS particles . charged particles . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . metallic plasmas . . . . . cesium plasma . corpuscular radiation . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . metallic plasmas . . . . . cesium plasma RT cesium thermionic converters cesium vapor GS chemical elements . alkali metals . . cesium vapor . nuclides . . isotopes . . . cesium vapor metals . alkali metals . . cesium vapor vapors . cesium vapor RT cesium mercury vapor Cessna 172 aircraft GS Cessna aircraft . Cessna 172 aircraft general aviation aircraft . Cessna 172 aircraft light aircraft . Cessna 172 aircraft monoplanes . Cessna 172 aircraft passenger aircraft . Cessna 172 aircraft single engine aircraft . Cessna 172 aircraft RT# aircraft Cessna 205 aircraft GS Cessna aircraft . Cessna 205 aircraft general aviation aircraft . Cessna 205 aircraft light aircraft . Cessna 205 aircraft monoplanes . Cessna 205 aircraft passenger aircraft . Cessna 205 aircraft single engine aircraft . Cessna 205 aircraft RT# aircraft Cessna 210 aircraft UF Centurion aircraft GS Cessna aircraft . Cessna 210 aircraft general aviation aircraft . Cessna 210 aircraft light aircraft . Cessna 210 aircraft monoplanes . Cessna 210 aircraft passenger aircraft . Cessna 210 aircraft single engine aircraft . Cessna 210 aircraft Cessna 402B aircraft DEF A lighter, twin-engine, short-haul cargo/passenger aircraft manufactured by the Cessna Aircraft Company. GS Cessna aircraft . Cessna 402B aircraft general aviation aircraft . Cessna 402B aircraft light aircraft . Cessna 402B aircraft monoplanes . Cessna 402B aircraft passenger aircraft . Cessna 402B aircraft transport aircraft . short haul aircraft . . Cessna 402B aircraft RT# aircraft Cessna aircraft GS Cessna aircraft . A-37 aircraft . Cessna 172 aircraft . Cessna 205 aircraft . Cessna 210 aircraft . Cessna 402B aircraft . Cessna L-19 aircraft . T-37 aircraft RT# aircraft Cessna L-19 aircraft GS Cessna aircraft . Cessna L-19 aircraft light aircraft . Cessna L-19 aircraft monoplanes . Cessna L-19 aircraft observation aircraft . Cessna L-19 aircraft reconnaissance aircraft . Cessna L-19 aircraft RT# aircraft cetane GS organic compounds . hydrocarbons . . aliphatic hydrocarbons . . . alkanes . . . . cetane cetyl compounds GS alkyl compounds . cetyl compounds RT# chemical compounds Ceylon USE Sri Lanka CF-104 aircraft USE Canadair aircraft F-104 aircraft CF-700 engine GS engines . air breathing engines . . gas turbine engines . . . jet engines . . . . turbojet engines . . . . . turbofan engines . . . . . . CF-700 engine . internal combustion engines . . gas turbine engines . . . jet engines . . . . turbojet engines . . . . . turbofan engines . . . . . . CF-700 engine . turbine engines . . gas turbine engines . . . jet engines . . . . turbojet engines . . . . . turbofan engines . . . . . . CF-700 engine RT vertical takeoff aircraft CFCs USE chlorofluorocarbons CFD USE charge flow devices CFRP USE carbon fiber reinforced plastics CH (methylidyne) USE methylidyne CH-3 helicopter GS passenger aircraft . CH-3 helicopter Sikorsky aircraft . CH-3 helicopter transport aircraft . CH-3 helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . military helicopters . . . . CH-3 helicopter . . . rigid rotor helicopters . . . . CH-3 helicopter RT S-61 helicopter CH-21 helicopter UF H-21 helicopter Shawnee helicopter Workhorse helicopter GS Boeing aircraft . CH-21 helicopter transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . CH-21 helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . military helicopters . . . . CH-21 helicopter CH-34 helicopter UF Choctaw helicopter H-34 helicopter GS Sikorsky aircraft . CH-34 helicopter transport aircraft . CH-34 helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . military helicopters . . . . CH-34 helicopter RT S-58 helicopter CH-46 helicopter UF CH-113 helicopter HRB-1 helicopter Sea Knight helicopter Voyageur helicopter GS Boeing aircraft . CH-46 helicopter passenger aircraft . CH-46 helicopter transport aircraft . CH-46 helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . military helicopters . . . . CH-46 helicopter . . . tandem rotor helicopters . . . . CH-46 helicopter CH-47 helicopter UF Chinook helicopter HC-1 helicopter GS Boeing aircraft . CH-47 helicopter passenger aircraft . CH-47 helicopter transport aircraft . CH-47 helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . military helicopters . . . . CH-47 helicopter . . . tandem rotor helicopters . . . . CH-47 helicopter CH-53 helicopter USE H-53 helicopter CH-54 helicopter UF S-64 helicopter Sikorsky S-64 helicopter Skycrane helicopter GS passenger aircraft . CH-54 helicopter Sikorsky aircraft . CH-54 helicopter transport aircraft . CH-54 helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . military helicopters . . . . CH-54 helicopter CH-62 helicopter GS Boeing aircraft . CH-62 helicopter V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . heavy lift helicopters . . . . CH-62 helicopter . . . military helicopters . . . . CH-62 helicopter RT# military aircraft CH-113 helicopter USE CH-46 helicopter Chad GS nations . Chad RT Africa chaff GS countermeasures . electronic countermeasures . . chaff RT deception electronic warfare radar echoes chain reactions (chemistry) (added May 1999) GS chemical reactions . chain reactions (chemistry) RT chemical lasers combustion chemistry chain reactions (nuclear physics) (added May 1999) GS nuclear reactions . nuclear fission . . chain reactions (nuclear physics) RT fission products neutrons chains SN (EXCLUDES CHEMICAL BONDS AND NUCLEAR REACTIONS) RT# barriers cables (ropes) fasteners # links molecular chains chairs USE seats chalcogenides GS chalcogenides . oxides . . alkoxides . . anhydrides . . . peroxides . . . . inorganic peroxides . . . . . hydrogen peroxide . . . . organic peroxides . . . . potassium peroxides . . . . sodium peroxides . . boron oxides . . brucite . . carbon monoxide . . carbon suboxides . . chlorine oxides . . dioxides . . . carbon dioxide . . . flint . . . hydrogen peroxide . . . silicon dioxide . . . . quartz . . . . . coesite . . . . . stishovite . . . sulfur dioxides . . germanium oxides . . heavy water . . indium oxides . . metal oxides . . . alkaline earth oxides . . . . barium oxides . . . . beryllium oxides . . . . . alexandrite . . . . calcium oxides . . . . . akermanite . . . . magnesium oxides . . . . . akermanite . . . . periclase . . . aluminum oxides . . . . alexandrite . . . . sapphire . . . bismuth oxides . . . cerium oxides . . . cesium oxides . . . chromium oxides . . . cobalt oxides . . . copper oxides . . . gallium oxides . . . hafnium oxides . . . iron oxides . . . . hematite . . . . ilmenite . . . . magnetite . . . lanthanum oxides . . . lead oxides . . . lithium oxides . . . manganese oxides . . . . Hopcalite (trademark) . . . mercury oxides . . . mixed oxides . . . . BSCCO superconductors . . . . YBCO superconductors . . . molybdenum oxides . . . nickel oxides . . . niobium oxides . . . platinum oxides . . . plutonium oxides . . . potassium oxides . . . scandium oxides . . . silver oxides . . . sodium peroxides . . . strontium oxides . . . tantalum oxides . . . thorium oxides . . . tin oxides . . . titanium oxides . . . . anatase . . . . ilmenite . . . . rutile . . . tungsten oxides . . . . scheelite . . . uranium oxides . . . vanadium oxides . . . yttrium oxides . . . zinc oxides . . . zirconium oxides . . . . yttria-stabilized zirconia . . nitrogen oxides . . . nitric oxide . . . nitrogen dioxide . . . nitrogen tetroxide . . . nitrous oxides . . phosphorus oxides . . pyroxenes . . . enstatite . . selenium oxides . . silicon oxides . . . muscovite . . . nephelite . . . silicon dioxide . . . . quartz . . . . . coesite . . . . . stishovite . . . spodumene . . sulfur oxides . . . sulfur dioxides . selenides . . cadmium selenides . . copper selenides . . . copper indium selenides . . gallium selenides . . indium selenides . . . copper indium selenides . . lead selenides . . zinc selenides . sulfides . . disulfides . . . carbon disulfide . . inorganic sulfides . . . barium sulfides . . . bismuth sulfides . . . cadmium sulfides . . . calcium sulfides . . . copper sulfides . . . hydrogen sulfide . . . indium sulfides . . . lead sulfides . . . molybdenum sulfides . . . . molybdenum disulfides . . . polysulfides . . . strontium sulfides . . . zinc sulfides . . . . wurtzite . . . . zincblende . . pyrites . . pyrrhotite . . . troilite . tellurides . . bismuth tellurides . . cadmium tellurides . . indium tellurides . . lanthanum tellurides . . lead tellurides . . mercury tellurides . . . mercury cadmium tellurides . . tin tellurides . . zinc tellurides RT# Group 6A compounds chalk GS calcium compounds . calcium carbonates . . chalk carbon compounds . carbonates . . calcium carbonates . . . chalk RT gypsum Challenger (Orbiter) UF Space Shuttle Orbiter 099 GS manned spacecraft . space shuttles . . Space Shuttle orbiters . . . Challenger (Orbiter) reentry vehicles . recoverable spacecraft . . reusable spacecraft . . . space shuttles . . . . Space Shuttle orbiters . . . . . Challenger (Orbiter) RT Endeavour (orbiter) Space Shuttle mission 31-B Space Shuttle mission 31-C Space Shuttle mission 31-D Space Shuttle mission 41-B Space Shuttle mission 41-C Space Shuttle mission 41-G Space Shuttle mission 51-B Space Shuttle mission 51-E Space Shuttle mission 51-F Space Shuttle mission 51-L Space Shuttle mission 61-A # spacecraft # chambers SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT anechoic chambers arc chambers bubble chambers cloud chambers combustion chambers cylindrical chambers flexing flow chambers hyperbaric chambers ionization chambers plenum chambers pressure chambers reverberation chambers spark chambers test chambers thrust chambers vacuum chambers Chance-Vought aircraft RT# aircraft Chandler motion USE polar wandering (geology) Chandler wobble (added September 1992) SN (EXCLUDES CHANDLER MOTION) DEF A movement in the Earth's axis of rotation whose period of motion is about 14 months. Used for Eulerian nutation. UF Eulerian nutation GS nutation . Chandler wobble RT Earth axis # Earth motion Earth orientation Earth rotation geodynamics geophysics polar wandering (geology) Chandra X Ray Astrophysics Facility USE X Ray Astrophysics Facility Chandrasekhar equation GS analysis (mathematics) . real variables . . differential equations . . . Chandrasekhar equation RT electromagnetic absorption # equations change detection DEF A process of examining imagery to detect changes on a planetary surface or astronomical body. GS detection . change detection RT aerial photography aerial reconnaissance Earth Resources Program image classification image processing imagery land use multispectral band scanners multispectral photography pattern recognition photointerpretation radar imagery remote sensing scene analysis side-looking radar terrain analysis channel capacity RT Aloha system bandwidth # capacity cochannel interference demand assignment multiple access frequencies packet transmission transmission rate (communications) channel flow GS fluid flow . internal flow . . channel flow . . . open channel flow RT annular flow Brinkman number cavity flow choked flow corner flow dredged materials ducted flow flow geometry fluid injection incompressible fluids outlet flow pipe flow wall flow channel multipliers UF channeltrons GS multipliers . channel multipliers RT auroral spectroscopy electron avalanche microchannel plates photomultiplier tubes radiation counters channel noise DEF In communications bursts of interruptive pulses caused mainly by contact closures in electromagnetic equipment or by transient voltages in electric cables during transmission of signals or data. Impulsive noise is the frequent cause of transmission errors. RT Aloha system background noise cochannel interference electromagnetic noise noise spectra random noise signal to noise ratios thermal noise time division multiple access trellis coding channel wings GS airfoils . wings . . channel wings planforms . wing planforms . . channel wings RT aerodynamic configurations aircraft design aircraft parts aircraft structures # channels SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT channels (data transmission) computer storage devices dredged materials ducts frequencies media parallel plates structural members telecommunication throats channels (data transmission) UF data busses RT asynchronous transfer mode # channels # data data links data processing data transmission protocol (computers) Rayleigh fading single channel per carrier transmission channeltrons USE channel multipliers chaos (added June 1989) RT attractors (mathematics) branching (mathematics) mathematical models nonlinear systems period doubling stochastic processes strange attractors chaotic cloud patterns USE clouds (meteorology) chaparral GS plants (botany) . brush (botany) . . chaparral RT botany Earth resources trees (plants) Chaparral missile GS missiles . surface to air missiles . . Chaparral missile RT space weapons Chaplygin equation GS flow equations . Chaplygin equation RT# equations hodographs vector spaces Chapman shear layer USE shear layers Chapman-Enskog theory UF Enskog-Chapman theory GS kinetic theory . transport theory . . Chapman-Enskog theory RT Boltzmann transport equation Burnett equations distribution functions flow distribution monatomic gases rarefied gas dynamics temperature gradients # theories thermal diffusion Chapman-Ferraro problem RT atmospheric models Earth magnetosphere interplanetary magnetic fields magnetopause # problems solar wind Chapman-Jouget flame USE chemical equilibrium detonation flame propagation character recognition GS recognition . pattern recognition . . character recognition RT artificial intelligence contrast # detectors graphology handwriting legibility optical data processing optical scanners perception readers reading resolution scene analysis # sensors symbols visibility characteristic equations USE eigenvalues eigenvectors characteristic functions USE eigenvalues eigenvectors characteristic method USE method of characteristics # characteristics SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF Specifically, distinguishing qualities, properties, features or capabilities of an entity. RT aerodynamic characteristics capacitance-voltage characteristics dynamic characteristics flight characteristics flow characteristics method of characteristics nanostructure (characteristics) polarization characteristics Segre characteristic spray characteristics static aerodynamic characteristics volt-ampere characteristics characterization RT descriptions examination representations characters USE symbols charcoal GS charcoal . activated carbon RT adsorbents carbon coke fuels charge carriers GS charge carriers . free electrons . holes (electron deficiencies) . majority carriers . minority carriers RT carrier injection carrier lifetime # carriers electron mobility hole mobility charge coupled devices DEF Semiconductor devices arrayed so that the electric charge at the output of one provides the input stimulus to the next. Use for CCD. UF CCD GS electronic equipment . solid state devices . . semiconductor devices . . . charge transfer devices . . . . charge coupled devices RT bucket brigade devices CCD cameras CCD star tracker charge injection devices focal plane devices ITO (semiconductors) charge distribution GS distribution (property) . charge distribution electrical properties . charge distribution RT current distribution electron distribution electrostatic charge force distribution hole distribution (electronics) ion distribution mass distribution neutral atoms polarization (charge separation) charge efficiency DEF The efficiency of electric cell recharging. GS efficiency . charge efficiency RT battery chargers # charging electric batteries primary batteries recharging storage batteries charge exchange SN (LIMITED TO COLLISIONAL TRANSFER OF AN ELECTRON FROM A NEUTRAL ATOM OR MOLECULE TO AN ION--EXCLUDES SEMICONDUCTOR AND PHOTOCHEMICAL CHARGE TRANSFER) DEF The collisional transfer of an electron from a neutral atom or molecule to an ion. GS exchanging . charge exchange . . resonance charge exchange RT electron transfer ion atom interactions ion charge ion production rates plasma-particle interactions recoil ions charge flow devices DEF Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices used for fire detectors and humidity sensors. Used for CFD. UF CFD GS electronic equipment . solid state devices . . semiconductor devices . . . transistors . . . . field effect transistors . . . . . charge flow devices RT integrated circuits # sensors charge injection devices UF CID GS electronic equipment . solid state devices . . semiconductor devices . . . charge transfer devices . . . . charge injection devices RT charge coupled devices electro-optics imaging techniques semiconductors (materials) star trackers charge separation USE polarization (charge separation) charge transfer SN (EXCLUDES COLLISIONAL CHARGE EXCHANGE) RT carrier injection charged particles electron transfer ion exchanging ionic reactions mass transfer photochemical reactions polarization (charge separation) transferring charge transfer devices UF CTD GS electronic equipment . solid state devices . . semiconductor devices . . . charge transfer devices . . . . bucket brigade devices . . . . charge coupled devices . . . . charge injection devices RT ITO (semiconductors) organic charge transfer salts tunable filters charged particles SN (FOR IONIC PARTICLES SEE IONS) GS particles . charged particles . . antiprotons . . energetic particles . . . electrons . . . . conduction electrons . . . . free electrons . . . . high energy electrons . . . . . relativistic electron beams . . . . hot electrons . . . . N electrons . . . . negatrons . . . . photoelectrons . . . . pi-electrons . . . polarons . . . solar electrons . . . nuclei (nuclear physics) . . . . alpha particles . . . deuterons . . . . even-even nuclei . . . . heavy nuclei . . . . hypernuclei . . . . odd-even nuclei . . . . odd-odd nuclei . . . . tritons . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . argon plasma . . . beta particles . . . . boundary layer plasmas . . . . cold plasmas . . . . collisional plasmas . . . . . strongly coupled plasmas . . . . collisionless plasmas . . . . cosmic plasma . . . . cylindrical plasmas . . . dense plasmas . . . . . plasma focus . . . . . strongly coupled plasmas . . . . electron plasma . . . . electron-positron plasmas . . . . elliptical plasmas . . . . helium plasma . . . . high temperature plasmas . . . . hydrogen plasma . . . . . deuterium plasma . . . laser plasmas . . . . metallic plasmas . . . . . cesium plasma . . . . . uranium plasmas . . . . microplasmas . . . . nitrogen plasma . . . . nonequilibrium plasmas . . . . nonuniform plasmas . . . oxygen plasma . . . . rarefied plasmas . . . . relativistic plasmas . . . . rotating plasmas . . . . semiconductor plasmas . . . . space plasmas . . . . . solar wind . . . . . stellar winds . . . . dusty plasmas . . . . spherical plasmas . . . . thermal plasmas . . . . toroidal plasmas . . ionized gases . . . Lorentz gas . . magnetically trapped particles . . . radiation belts . . . . artificial radiation belts . . . . inner radiation belt . . . . outer radiation belt . . . proton belts . . partons . . plasma clouds . . . magnetic clouds . . plasma jets . . . radio jets (astronomy) . . plasma layers . . . plasma sheaths . . plasma slabs . . positrons . . protons . . . recoil protons . . . solar protons RT antineutrinos antiparticles bosons charge transfer corpuscular radiation Coulomb collisions Coulomb potential cyclotron frequency cyclotron radiation cyclotron resonance deuteron irradiation electron-positron pairs elementary particles eta-mesons gyrofrequency Helios Project hyperons ion charge kaons leptons Lorentz force meson-nucleon interactions mesons muon spin rotation muons neutral sheets neutrons nonadiabatic theory # nuclei nucleon-nucleon interactions nucleons omega-mesons particle charging particle precipitation particle trajectories pions Reissner-Nordstrom solution rho-mesons sigma-mesons single event upsets trapped particles # charging SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT battery chargers charge efficiency electric charge electrostatic charge explosive devices explosives filling injection magnetic charge density SCATHA satellite charm (particle physics) DEF A quantum number which has been proposed to account for an apparent lack of symmetry in the behavior of hadrons relative to that of leptons, to explain why certain reactions of elementary particles do not occur, and to account for the longevity of the J particle. RT hadrons leptons particle interactions particle theory # physics quantum theory theoretical physics Charon DEF Natural satellite of the planet Pluto, discovered and named by Dr. James W. Christy. GS celestial bodies . natural satellites . . Pluto satellites . . . Charon RT Callisto Deimos Earth-Moon system Europa Galilean satellites Ganymede Iapetus Io planetary orbits Pluto (planet) solar system Titan Charpy impact test GS impact tests . Charpy impact test notch tests . Charpy impact test RT brittleness drop tests hardness # materials tests notch sensitivity charring RT ablation carbonization combustion decomposition fire damage oxidation thermal absorption charts GS charts . flow charts . graphs (charts) . . bond graphs . . Gompertz curves . . Mollier diagram . . Patterson map . meteorological charts . nautical charts RT block diagrams diagrams display devices drawings graphic arts maps navigation aids nomographs # plots statistical analysis statistical tests visual aids chassignites (added August 1991) DEF Achondritic stony meteorites composed almost entirely (95%) of olivine, with accessory amounts of chromite, and lacking nickel-iron. It resembles terrestrial dunite. GS celestial bodies . meteorites . . stony meteorites . . . achondrites . . . . chassignites RT nakhlites shergottites SNC meteorites chassis GS frames . chassis RT automobiles carriages # headers struts supports undercarriages Chebyshev approximation GS analysis (mathematics) . numerical analysis . . approximation . . . Chebyshev approximation RT series (mathematics) statistical analysis checkout SN (SEQUENCE OF TESTS TO DETERMINE FUNCTIONAL READINESS OF EQUIPMENT) DEF A sequence of actions taken to test or examine a thing as to its readiness for incorporation into a new phase of use, or for the performance of its intended function. The sequence of steps taken to familiarize a person with the operation of an airplane or other piece of equipment. Used for debugging. UF debugging RT aircraft maintenance CEFOAM checkout equipment certification cold flow tests countdown file maintenance (computers) inspection maintenance performance tests prefiring tests program verification (computers) self tests space vehicle checkout program spacecraft maintenance # test equipment # tests checkout equipment USE test equipment chelate compounds USE chelates chelates UF chelate compounds RT chelation # chemical compounds organometallic compounds chelation RT chelates chemical reactions chemical analysis GS chemical tests . chemical analysis . . chromatography . . . gas chromatography . . . liquid chromatography . . . paper chromatography . . . thin layer chromatography . . electrophotometry . . gas analysis . . . ozonometry . . . Van Slyke method . . iodimetry . . Karl Fischer reagent . . microanalysis . . neutron activation analysis . . potentiometric analysis . . qualitative analysis . . quantitative analysis . . . Kjeldahl method . . . Van Slyke method . . spectroscopic analysis . . urinalysis . . volumetric analysis RT alkalinity analytical chemistry # analyzing assaying Auger spectroscopy # chemistry colorimetry coulometers density measurement diffractometers electron probes fuel tests gas spectroscopy hydrometers hygrometers identifying inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry infrared spectrophotometers infrared spectroscopy ion selective electrodes isotopic labeling laser spectroscopy Mars surface samples mass spectrometers mass spectroscopy # materials tests # measurement metallicity methylene blue moisture meters mutagens nephanalysis optical measurement particle tracks particulate sampling photometry physical chemistry polarimeters polarography psychrometers radiochemistry reagents sampling spectral signatures spectrometers spectrophotometers spectroscopy # tests thermogravimetry titrimeters x ray analysis chemical attack GS chemical attack . intergranular corrosion . transgranular corrosion RT# attack corrosion corrosion prevention corrosion resistance corrosion tests degradation dissolving impregnating oxidation passivity pitting rusting scale (corrosion) chemical auxiliary power units GS auxiliary power sources . chemical auxiliary power units RT electric batteries fuel cells lead acid batteries magnesium cells chemical bonds UF molecular bonds GS chemical bonds . covalent bonds . hydrogen bonds RT agglutination binding energy bonding coupled modes covalence crystal lattices ionic crystals ligands molecules monatomic molecules octets polyatomic molecules polywater saturation (chemistry) Swan bands unsaturation (chemistry) valence chemical cleaning GS cleaning . chemical cleaning . . pickling (metallurgy) RT descaling dissolving chemical clouds DEF Artificial clouds of chemical compounds released in the ionosphere for observation of dispersion and other characteristics. GS clouds (meteorology) . artificial clouds . . chemical clouds . . . barium ion clouds RT chemical release modules CRRES (satellite) particles plasma clouds chemical compatibility (added September 1995) GS compatibility . chemical compatibility RT affinity liquid rocket propellants metal matrix composites propellant tests stability chemical composition GS composition (property) . chemical composition . . carbon dioxide concentration . . stellar composition RT alkalinity atmospheric composition atom concentration body composition (biology) distribution (property) gas composition ionospheric composition ligands metallic stars metallicity planetary structure spectral signatures # chemical compounds SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF Distinct substances formed by a union of two or more ingredients in definite proportions by weight. RT acetyl compounds actinide series compounds adducts # alkali metal compounds # alkaline earth compounds alkyl compounds allyl compounds aluminum compounds ammines ammonium compounds antimony compounds # aromatic compounds arsenic compounds azo compounds barium compounds beryllium compounds bismuth compounds boron compounds boron-epoxy composites bromine compounds cadmium compounds calcium compounds carbon compounds carbonyl compounds cerium compounds cesium compounds cetyl compounds chelates # chemicals chlorine compounds chromium compounds clathrates cobalt compounds complex compounds compound A # compounds congeners copper compounds curium compounds cyano compounds cyclic compounds deuterium compounds diallyl compounds dibasic compounds dibutyl compounds difluoro compounds diphenyl compounds dopa dysprosium compounds epoxy compounds erbium compounds ethyl compounds ethylene compounds europium compounds fluorine compounds fluorine organic compounds fluoro compounds fullerides furans gallium compounds germanium compounds # Group 1B compounds # Group 2B compounds # Group 3A compounds # Group 3B compounds # Group 4A compounds # Group 4B compounds # Group 5A compounds # Group 5B compounds # Group 6A compounds # Group 6B compounds # Group 7B compounds # Group 8 compounds hafnium compounds halocarbons halogen compounds heterocyclic compounds hexyl compounds hydrazinium compounds hydrazonium compounds hydrogen compounds hydroxyl compounds indium aluminum arsenides indium compounds indium oxides inorganic compounds intercalation iodine compounds iridium compounds iron compounds isopropyl compounds lanthanum compounds lead compounds lead organic compounds lithium compounds lutetium compounds magnesium compounds manganese compounds mercury compounds # metal compounds methoxy systems methyl compounds molecules molybdenum compounds monatomic molecules neodymium compounds neptunium compounds nickel compounds niobium compounds nitro compounds nitrogen compounds nitronium compounds nitroso compounds organic aluminum compounds organic boron compounds organic compounds organic germanium compounds organic lithium compounds organic phosphorus compounds organic semiconductors organic silicon compounds organic sulfur compounds organic tin compounds organometallic compounds osmium compounds # oxygen compounds oxynitrides palladium compounds phosgene phosphonium compounds phosphorus compounds platinum compounds plutonium compounds polonium compounds polyatomic molecules polynuclear organic compounds polyquinoxalines potassium compounds praseodymium compounds propyl compounds protactinium compounds rare earth compounds # rare gas compounds refractory materials rhenium compounds rhodium compounds rubidium compounds ruthenium compounds samarium compounds scandium compounds selenium compounds silicon compounds silver compounds sodium compounds strontium compounds strontium oxides styphnates sulfur compounds sulfur hexafluoride tantalum compounds technetium compounds tellurium compounds tetrahydrofuran thiols thorium compounds thulium compounds tin compounds titanium compounds triethyl compounds trimethyl compounds trinitro compounds tropyl compounds tungsten compounds uranium compounds vanadium compounds vanadyl compounds Wiswesser notations xenon compounds ytterbium compounds yttrium compounds zinc compounds zirconium compounds zwitterions chemical defense DEF All actions and counteractions designed for the protection of personnel and material against offensive chemical agents. RT civil defense clothing drugs first aid injuries masks neurology physiological factors protective clothing safety devices warfare chemical effects RT biological effects # effects sterilization effects temperature effects chemical elements GS chemical elements . actinide series . . actinium . . radium . . . radium isotopes . . . radium 226 . . thorium . . . thorium isotopes . . transuranium elements . . . americium . . . . americium isotopes . . . . americium 241 . . . berkelium . . . californium . . . . californium isotopes . . . curium . . . curium isotopes . . . . . curium 242 . . . . . curium 244 . . . einsteinium . . . fermium . . . lawrencium . . . mendelevium . . . neptunium . . . . neptunium isotopes . . . nobelium . . . plutonium . . . . plutonium isotopes . . . . . plutonium 238 . . . . . plutonium 239 . . . . . plutonium 240 . . . . . plutonium 241 . . . . . plutonium 244 . . . sergenium . . uranium . . . uranium isotopes . . . . uranium 232 . . . . uranium 233 . . . . uranium 234 . . . . uranium 235 . . . . uranium 238 . alkali metals . . cesium . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 133 . . . . cesium 134 . . . . cesium 137 . . . . cesium 144 . . cesium vapor . . francium . . lithium . . . liquid lithium . . . lithium isotopes . . potassium . . . liquid potassium . . . potassium isotopes . . . potassium 38 . . . potassium 39 . . . potassium 40 . . rubidium . . . rubidium isotopes . . . . rubidium 86 . . sodium . . . liquid sodium . . . sodium isotopes . . . . sodium 22 . . . . sodium 24 . . . sodium vapor . alkaline earth metals . . barium isotopes . aluminum . . aluminum isotopes . . . aluminum 26 . . . aluminum 27 . barium . . barium isotopes . beryllium . . beryllium isotopes . . . beryllium 7 . . . beryllium 9 . . . beryllium 10 . bismuth . . bismuth isotopes . cadmium . . cadmium isotopes . calcium . . calcium isotopes . carbon . . carbon isotopes . . . carbon 12 . . . carbon 13 . . . carbon 14 . chromium . . chromium isotopes . cobalt . . cobalt isotopes . . . cobalt 58 . . . cobalt 60 . copper . . copper isotopes . gallium . . gallium isotopes . gold . . gold isotopes . . . gold 198 . hafnium . . hafnium isotopes . hahnium . halogens . . astatine . . bromine . . . bromine isotopes . . chlorine . . fluorine . . . fluorine isotopes . . . liquid fluorine . . iodine . . . iodine isotopes . . . . iodine 125 . . . . iodine 131 . . . . iodine 132 . heavy elements . hydrogen . . hydrogen isotopes . . . deuterium . . . hydrogen 4 . . . metallic hydrogen . . . tritium . . liquid hydrogen . indium . iridium . . iridium isotopes . iron . . iron isotopes . . . iron 57 . . . iron 58 . . . iron 59 . lead (metal) . . lead isotopes . light elements . magnesium . . magnesium isotopes . manganese . . manganese isotopes . mercury (metal) . . mercury isotopes . . mercury vapor . metalloids . . antimony . . antimony isotopes . . arsenic . . . arsenic isotopes . . boron . . . boron isotopes . . . . boron 10 . . germanium . . . germanium isotopes . . polonium . . . polonium isotopes . . . . polonium 208 . . . . polonium 209 . . . . polonium 210 . . silicon . . . amorphous silicon . . . porous silicon . . . silicon isotopes . . tellurium . . . tellurium isotopes . molybdenum . nickel . . nickel isotopes . niobium . . niobium isotopes . . . niobium 95 . nitrogen . . liquid nitrogen . . nitrogen isotopes . . . nitrogen 15 . . . nitrogen 16 . . solid nitrogen . nuclides . . isotopes . . . aluminum isotopes . . . . aluminum 26 . . . . aluminum 27 . . . antimony isotopes . . . argon isotopes . . . arsenic isotopes . . . barium isotopes . . . beryllium isotopes . . . . beryllium 7 . . . . beryllium 9 . . . . beryllium 10 . . . bismuth isotopes . . . boron isotopes . . . . boron 10 . . . bromine isotopes . . . cadmium isotopes . . . calcium isotopes . . . carbon isotopes . . . . carbon 12 . . . . carbon 13 . . . . carbon 14 . . . cerium isotopes . . . . cerium 137 . . . . cerium 144 . . . cesium isotopes . . . . cesium 133 . . . . cesium 134 . . . . cesium 137 . . . . cesium 144 . . . cesium vapor . . . chromium isotopes . . . cobalt isotopes . . . . cobalt 58 . . . . cobalt 60 . . . dysprosium isotopes . . . erbium isotopes . . . europium isotopes . . . fluorine isotopes . . . gadolinium isotopes . . . gallium isotopes . . . germanium isotopes . . . gold isotopes . . . . gold 198 . . . hafnium isotopes . . . helium isotopes . . . holmium isotopes . . . hydrogen isotopes . . . . deuterium . . . . hydrogen 4 . . . . metallic hydrogen . . . . tritium . . . iodine isotopes . . . iodine 125 . . . iodine 131 . . . iodine 132 . . . iridium isotopes . . . iron isotopes . . . . iron 57 . . . . iron 58 . . . . iron 59 . . . krypton isotopes . . . . krypton 85 . . . lanthanum isotopes . . . lead isotopes . . . lithium isotopes . . . lutetium . . . . lutetium isotopes . . . magnesium isotopes . . . manganese isotopes . . . mercury isotopes . . . molybdenum isotopes . . . neodymium isotopes . . . neon isotopes . . . nickel isotopes . . . niobium isotopes . . . . niobium 95 . . . nitrogen isotopes . . . nitrogen 15 . . . nitrogen 16 . . . nobelium isotopes . . . osmium isotopes . . . oxygen isotopes . . . . oxygen 17 . . . . oxygen 18 . . . palladium isotopes . . . phosphorus isotopes . . . phosphorus 32 . . . platinum isotopes . . . polonium isotopes . . . . polonium 208 . . . . polonium 209 . . . . polonium 210 . . . potassium isotopes . . . potassium 38 . . . potassium 39 . . . potassium 40 . . . praseodymium isotopes . . . promethium isotopes . . . protactinium isotopes . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . astatine isotopes . . . beryllium 7 . . . beryllium 9 . . . beryllium 10 . . . . carbon 14 . . . cerium 137 . . . cerium 144 . . . . cesium 134 . . . . cesium 137 . . . . cesium 144 . . . . cobalt 58 . . . . cobalt 60 . . . copper isotopes . . . gold 198 . . . . indium isotopes . . . iodine 125 . . . iodine 131 . . . iodine 132 . . . . iron 59 . . . . krypton 85 . . . . niobium 95 . . . nitrogen 16 . . . phosphorus 32 . . . . polonium 208 . . . . polonium 209 . . . . polonium 210 . . . potassium 38 . . . . potassium 40 . . . . rubidium 86 . . . . sodium 22 . . . . sodium 24 . . . . strontium 85 . . . . strontium 88 . . . . strontium 89 . . . . strontium 90 . . . transuranium elements . . . . . americium . . . . . . americium isotopes . . . . . . . americium 241 . . . . . berkelium . . . . . californium . . . . . . californium isotopes . . . . . curium . . . . . curium isotopes . . . . . . . curium 242 . . . . . . . curium 244 . . . . . einsteinium . . . . . fermium . . . . . lawrencium . . . . . mendelevium . . . . . neptunium . . . . . . neptunium isotopes . . . . . nobelium . . . . . plutonium . . . . . . plutonium isotopes . . . . . . . plutonium 238 . . . . . . . plutonium 239 . . . . . . . plutonium 240 . . . . . . . plutonium 241 . . . . . . . plutonium 244 . . . . . sergenium . . . . tritium . . . . uranium 232 . . . . uranium 233 . . . . uranium 238 . . . . xenon 133 . . . . xenon 135 . . . . zirconium 95 . . . radium isotopes . . . . radium 226 . . . radon isotopes . . . rhenium isotopes . . . rhodium isotopes . . . rubidium isotopes . . . . rubidium 86 . . . ruthenium isotopes . . . samarium isotopes . . . scandium isotopes . . . selenium isotopes . . . silicon isotopes . . . silver isotopes . . . sodium isotopes . . . . sodium 22 . . . . sodium 24 . . . strontium isotopes . . . . strontium 85 . . . . strontium 87 . . . . strontium 89 . . . . strontium 90 . . . sulfur isotopes . . . tantalum isotopes . . . technetium isotopes . . . tellurium . . . . tellurium isotopes . . . terbium isotopes . . . thallium isotopes . . . thorium isotopes . . . thulium isotopes . . . tin isotopes . . . titanium isotopes . . . tungsten isotopes . . . uranium isotopes . . . . uranium 232 . . . . uranium 233 . . . . uranium 234 . . . . uranium 235 . . . . uranium 238 . . . vanadium isotopes . . . xenon isotopes . . . . xenon 129 . . . . xenon 133 . . . . xenon 135 . . . ytterbium isotopes . . . yttrium isotopes . . . zinc isotopes . . . zirconium isotopes . . . . zirconium 95 . osmium . . osmium isotopes . oxygen . . liquid oxygen . . oxygen isotopes . . . oxygen 17 . . . oxygen 18 . palladium . phosphorus . . phosphorus isotopes . . . phosphorus 32 . platinum . . platinum isotopes . protactinium . . protactinium isotopes . rare earth elements . . cerium . . . cerium isotopes . . . . cerium 137 . . . . cerium 144 . . dysprosium . . . dysprosium isotopes . . erbium . . . erbium isotopes . . europium . . . europium isotopes . . gadolinium . . . gadolinium isotopes . . holmium . . . holmium isotopes . . lanthanum . . . lanthanum isotopes . . lutetium . . . lutetium isotopes . . neodymium . . neodymium isotopes . . praseodymium . . . praseodymium isotopes . . promethium . . . promethium isotopes . . samarium . . . samarium isotopes . . scandium . . . scandium isotopes . . terbium . . . terbium isotopes . . thulium . . . thulium isotopes . . ytterbium . . . ytterbium isotopes . . yttrium . . . yttrium isotopes . rare gases . . argon . . . argon isotopes . . helium . . . helium isotopes . . . liquid helium . . . . liquid helium 2 . . krypton . . . krypton isotopes . . . . krypton 85 . . neon . . . liquid neon . . . neon isotopes . . radon . . . radon isotopes . . xenon . . . xenon isotopes . . . xenon 129 . . . xenon 133 . . . xenon 135 . rhenium . . rhenium isotopes . rhodium . . rhodium isotopes . ruthenium . . ruthenium isotopes . rutherfordium . selenium . silver . . silver isotopes . strontium . . strontium isotopes . . . strontium 85 . . . strontium 87 . . . strontium 89 . . . strontium 90 . sulfur . . sulfur isotopes . tantalum . . tantalum isotopes . technetium . thallium . . thallium isotopes . tin . . tin isotopes . titanium . . titanium isotopes . tungsten . vanadium . . vanadium isotopes . zinc . . zinc isotopes . zirconium . . zirconium isotopes . . . zirconium 95 . bohrium . dubnium . hassium . meitnerium . seaborgium RT atoms # chemicals # elements ferrous metals ions isotopic enrichment light ions metals nonferrous metals nuclear isobars plasmas (physics) trace contaminants chemical energy DEF Energy produced or absorbed in the process of a chemical reaction. In any such a reaction, energy losses or gains usually involve only the outermost electrons of the atoms or ions of the system undergoing change; here a chemical bond of some type is established or broken without disrupting the original atomic or ionic identities of the constituents. GS chemical energy . energy of formation RT# energy free energy internal energy kinetic energy # level molecular energy levels # nuclear energy potential energy chemical engineering RT aerothermochemistry # chemistry combustion chemistry cracking (chemical engineering) diffusion # engineering fluid flow furnaces heat transfer materials handling # operations thermochemistry chemical equilibrium UF Chapman-Jouget flame chemical shift GS chemical equilibrium . acid base equilibrium RT association reactions buffers (chemistry) dissociation # equilibrium heat of dissociation phase rule reaction kinetics thermodynamic equilibrium chemical evolution DEF The theory of the creation or production of living matter from nonliving matter. GS evolution (development) . chemical evolution RT abiogenesis biological evolution # evolution exobiology life sciences organic compounds protein synthesis protobiology self assembly chemical explosions GS explosions . chemical explosions . . gas explosions . . propellant explosions RT aerial explosions combustion detonable gas mixtures detonation explosives flammable gases turbulent combustion underground explosions underwater explosions chemical extinguishers USE fire extinguishers chemical fractionation GS fractionation . chemical fractionation RT distillation refining # separation chemical fuels DEF Fuels that depend upon an oxidizer for combustion or for development of thrust, such as liquid or solid rocket fuel or internal combustion engine fuel; distinguished from nuclear fuel. GS fuels . chemical fuels . . endothermic fuels . . high energy fuels . . hydrocarbon fuels . . . diesel fuels . . . fossil fuels . . . . coal . . . . . anthracite . . . . . lignite . . . . . solvent refined coal . . . . crude oil . . . . natural gas . . . . . liquefied natural gas . . . . peat . . . . shale oil . . . gasoline . . . jet engine fuels . . . . JP-4 jet fuel . . . . JP-5 jet fuel . . . . JP-6 jet fuel . . . . JP-7 jet fuel . . . . JP-8 jet fuel . . . synthane . . liquid fuels . . . antimisting fuels . . . diesel fuels . . . gasoline . . . hydrogen fuels . . . jet engine fuels . . . . JP-4 jet fuel . . . . JP-5 jet fuel . . . . JP-6 jet fuel . . . . JP-7 jet fuel . . . . JP-8 jet fuel . . . fuel oils . . . kerosene . . metal fuels . . synthetic fuels . . . gasohol (fuel) . . . synthane RT clean fuels explosives fuel production gelled propellants gelled rocket propellants hybrid propellants monopropellants plastic propellants propellants pyrotechnics solid propellants chemical indicators RT# indicators methylene blue phloroglucinol chemical kinetics USE reaction kinetics chemical lasers GS stimulated emission devices . lasers . . chemical lasers . . . HCL lasers . . . . HCL argon lasers . . . chemical oxygen-iodine lasers RT argon lasers carbon dioxide lasers carbon lasers carbon monoxide lasers chain reactions (chemistry) gas lasers HCN lasers HF lasers infrared lasers liquid lasers organic lasers Q switched lasers TEA lasers tube lasers chemical machining UF chemical milling GS machining . chemical machining . . electrochemical machining RT milling (machining) chemical milling USE chemical machining chemical oxygen-iodine lasers (added August 1997) UF COIL (lasers) GS stimulated emission devices . lasers . . chemical lasers . . . chemical oxygen-iodine lasers . . iodine lasers . . . chemical oxygen-iodine lasers RT continuous wave lasers chemical properties GS chemical properties . acidity . salinity . thermochemical properties . . heat of combustion . . heat of dissociation . . heat of formation . . heat of solution . . latent heat . . . heat of fusion . . . heat of vaporization RT adsorptivity # high resistance hydrophobicity hygroscopicity # low resistance moisture content passivity # physical properties propellant properties # properties # resistance thermodynamic properties toxicity toxicity and safety hazard chemical propulsion UF chemonuclear propulsion GS propulsion . chemical propulsion . . hybrid propulsion RT jet propulsion marine propulsion spacecraft propulsion underwater propulsion chemical reaction control RT agitation # control # reaction control temperature control chemical reactions UF flame interaction GS chemical reactions . acylation . . acetylation . alkylation . ammonolysis . association reactions . atomic recombination . . oxygen recombination . carbonization . carboxylation . copolymerization . cracking (chemical engineering) . . hydrocracking . . pyrolysis . decarbonation . decarboxylation . defluorination . dehydrogenation . deionization . denitrogenation . depolymerization . desulfurizing . endothermic reactions . epoxidation . exothermic reactions . fermentation . Friedel-Craft reaction . glycolysis . Grignard reactions . halogenation . . bromination . . chlorination . . fluorination . hydroboration . hydrogenolysis . . hydrocracking . hydrolysis . ion recombination . metal-water reactions . metathesis . methanation . methylation . Michael reaction . nitration . nitriding . nitrogenation . nitrolysis . oxidation . . electrochemical oxidation . . photooxidation . . rusting . oxidation-reduction reactions . oxygenation . phosphorylation . photochemical reactions . . photochromism . . photodecomposition . . photolysis . . photooxidation . . photosynthesis . . radiolysis . pyrohydrolysis . reduction (chemistry) . . deoxidizing . . hydrogenation . Sabatier reaction . sulfation . sulfidation . thermal decomposition . . pyrolysis . cycloaddition . thermal dissociation . titration . . Diels-Alder reactions . chain reactions (chemistry) RT biosynthesis chelation combustion chemistry corrosion gas-metal interactions hydration interstellar chemistry # operations particle interactions plasma jet synthesis polymerization radiochemical separation reacting flow # reaction reaction bonding reaction kinetics reactivity reagents sodalite solvation stoichiometry surface reactions # synthesis synthesis (chemistry) synthetic fuels thermochemistry chemical reactors RT autoclaves beds (process engineering) burners columns (process engineering) contactors fluidized bed processors furnaces gas generators # gas reactors reactor design reactor materials reactor safety # reactors synthesizers tanks (containers) water cooled reactors chemical relaxation USE molecular relaxation chemical release modules DEF Shuttle launched, free-flying spacecraft containing canisters for injecting chemicals into the upper atmosphere and the measurement of the reactions. GS modules . chemical release modules RT chemical clouds CRRES (satellite) dispersing chemical shift USE chemical equilibrium chemical sterilization GS cleaning . sterilization . . chemical sterilization RT antiseptics bactericides ethylene oxide purification sewage treatment spacecraft sterilization chemical tests GS chemical tests . chemical analysis . . chromatography . . . gas chromatography . . . liquid chromatography . . . paper chromatography . . . thin layer chromatography . . electrophotometry . . gas analysis . . . ozonometry . . . Van Slyke method . . iodimetry . . Karl Fischer reagent . . microanalysis . . neutron activation analysis . . potentiometric analysis . . qualitative analysis . . quantitative analysis . . . Kjeldahl method . . . Van Slyke method . . spectroscopic analysis . . urinalysis . . volumetric analysis . salt spray tests RT corrosion resistance gas spectroscopy high temperature tests inspection low temperature tests nondestructive tests quality control sampling staining # tests chemical vapor deposition USE vapor deposition chemical vapor infiltration (added December 1992) UF CVI (fabrication) GS infiltration . chemical vapor infiltration RT carbon fibers ceramic fibers ceramic matrix composites composite materials densification fiber composites chemical warfare GS warfare . chemical warfare RT biochemistry biological weapons physiological factors chemically reacting flow USE reacting flow # chemicals SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT# chemical compounds chemical elements chemiluminescence DEF Any luminescence produced by chemical action. GS emission . light emission . . luminescence . . . chemiluminescence RT airglow phosphorescence chemisorption DEF The binding of a liquid or gas on the surface or in the interior of a solid by chemical bonds or forces. GS sorption . adsorption . . chemisorption RT adsorptivity atomic clusters gas-metal interactions hydrogen embrittlement masking metal clusters molecular clusters # chemistry SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF The science that studies the composition, structure, properties, interactions, and transformations of elemental matter and compounds. RT aerothermochemistry aerothermodynamics analytical chemistry atmospheric chemistry biochemistry biogeochemistry chemical analysis chemical engineering chemotherapy combustion chemistry computational chemistry cosmochemistry cryochemistry electrochemistry environmental chemistry geochemistry hydroxyl radicals inorganic chemistry interstellar chemistry marine chemistry nuclear chemistry organic chemistry photoelectrochemistry physical chemistry # physical sciences Physics and Chemistry Experiment in Space physiochemistry plasma chemistry polymer chemistry precipitation (chemistry) propellant chemistry quantum chemistry radiation chemistry radiochemistry reduction (chemistry) saturation (chemistry) stereochemistry stoichiometry synthesis (chemistry) thermochemistry unsaturation (chemistry) Wiswesser notations chemonuclear propulsion USE chemical propulsion nuclear propulsion chemoreceptors GS anatomy . sense organs . . chemoreceptors receptors (physiology) . chemoreceptors RT carotid sinus body olfactory perception taste chemosphere DEF The vaguely defined region of the upper atmosphere in which photochemical reactions take place. It is generally considered to include the stratosphere (or the top thereof) and the mesosphere, and sometimes the lower part of the thermosphere. GS Earth atmosphere . chemosphere RT biosphere Earth ionosphere heterosphere homosphere lower atmosphere mesosphere middle atmosphere ozonosphere plasmasphere stratosphere thermosphere troposphere upper atmosphere chemotherapy UF drug therapy GS therapy . chemotherapy RT antiseptics # chemistry drugs Chena River Basin (AK) GS landforms . structural basins . . river basins . . . Chena River Basin (AK) RT Alaska Chesapeake Bay (US) GS bays (topographic features) . Chesapeake Bay (US) RT estuaries Maryland river basins sounds (topographic features) Virginia chest GS anatomy . chest RT thorax torso chewing USE mastication chiasms GS crossings . chiasms chickens GS animals . vertebrates . . birds . . . chickens child device RT learning learning theory training devices Child-Langmuir law GS laws . Child-Langmuir law RT perveance space charge thermionic diodes children RT females human beings males parents progeny Chile GS nations . Chile RT European Southern Observatory South America chilling USE cooling chimes USE auditory signals chimneys RT buildings exhaust systems flues furnaces plumes stacks vents waste energy utilization chimpanzees GS animals . vertebrates . . mammals . . . primates . . . . apes . . . . . chimpanzees RT human beings chin GS anatomy . face (anatomy) . . chin RT bones head (anatomy) China UF China (communist) mainland Chinese Peoples Republic GS nations . China RT Asia Chinese aircraft Chinese space program Chinese spacecraft Hong Kong Taiwan China (communist) mainland USE China Chinese aircraft RT# aircraft China Chinese Peoples Republic USE China Chinese space program GS programs . space programs . . Chinese space program RT China Long March launch vehicles # research projects space missions Taiwan Chinese spacecraft DEF Satellites built and launched by the Chinese Peoples Republic. RT China Long March launch vehicles # spacecraft Taiwan chinone USE quinones Chinook helicopter USE CH-47 helicopter chipping RT abrasion comminution cutting flaking fracturing fragmentation pitting # separation spalling splitting wear chips RT chips (electronics) fragments scrap chips (electronics) DEF Integrated microcircuits mounted on substrates and performing significant numbers of functions. GS chips (electronics) . chips (memory devices) . systems-on-a-chip RT application specific integrated circuits central processing units chips computer design integrated circuits large scale integration microelectronics microprocessors reconfigurable hardware RISC processors systolic arrays very large scale integration VHSIC (circuits) chips (memory devices) DEF Integrated microcircuit devices used collectively to perform the functions of data storage: accepting, retaining, and emitting bits of data. GS chips (electronics) . chips (memory devices) computer components . chips (memory devices) RT# devices integrated circuits memory (computers) metal-nitride-oxide-semiconductors semiconductor devices chiral dynamics RT chirality # dynamics group theory Lagrange multipliers matrices (mathematics) chirality (added August 1994) GS symmetry . chirality RT antisymmetry chiral dynamics enantiomers group theory handedness Chiron DEF Minor planet 2060, a solar system asteroid discovered by Charles T. Kowal of Hale Observatories. Used for Minor Planet 2060. UF Minor Planet 2060 GS celestial bodies . asteroids . . Chiron RT Apollo asteroids asteroid belts meteoroids planets solar system space debris chironomus flies GS animals . invertebrates . . arthropods . . . insects . . . . chironomus flies RT Drosophila infestation chirp DEF An all encompassing term for the various techniques of pulse expansion-pulse compression applied to pulse radar; a technique to expand narrow pulses to wide pulses for transmission, and compress wide received pulses to the original narrow pulse width and wave shape, to gain improvement in signal-to-noise ratio without degradation to range resolution and range discrimination. GS electromagnetic interference . radio frequency interference . . chirp . . . chirp signals chirp signals GS electromagnetic interference . radio frequency interference . . chirp . . . chirp signals RT electromagnetic noise # signals chitin SN (A POLYSACCHARIDE WHICH IS THE PRINCIPAL CONSTITUENT OF THE SHELLS OF CRABS AND LOBSTERS, THE SHARDS OF BEETLES, AND IS ALSO FOUND IN CERTAIN FUNGI) DEF A polysaccharide which is the principal constituent of the shells of crabs and lobsters and of the shards of beetles. It is also found in certain fungi. GS biopolymers . polysaccharides . . chitin organic compounds . carbohydrates . . polysaccharides . . . chitin RT gums (substances) starches chloral GS aldehydes . chloral chlorates GS halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorates RT# oxygen compounds perchlorates Chlorella DEF A genus of unicellular green algae to be adapted to converting carbon dioxide into oxygen in a closed ecological system. GS plants (botany) . algae . . Chlorella RT aerospace medicine carbon dioxide culture techniques life support systems oxygen photosynthesis chlorides UF pentachlorides trichlorides GS halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorides . . . aluminum chlorides . . . ammonium chlorides . . . beryllium chlorides . . . boron chlorides . . . cadmium chlorides . . . calcium chlorides . . . carbon tetrachloride . . . copper chlorides . . . dichlorides . . . germanium chlorides . . . hydrochlorides . . . hydrogen chlorides . . . hydrochloric acid . . . iron chlorides . . . lanthanum chlorides . . . lead chlorides . . . lithium chlorides . . . magnesium chlorides . . . nitrosyl chlorides . . . nitroxychlorides . . . nitryl chlorides . . . phosgene . . . potassium chlorides . . . silicon tetrachloride . . . silver chlorides . . . sodium chlorides . . . sulfur chlorides . . . tetrachlorides . . . titanium chlorides . . . tungsten chlorides . . . zinc chlorides . halides . . chlorides . . . aluminum chlorides . . . ammonium chlorides . . . beryllium chlorides . . . boron chlorides . . . cadmium chlorides . . . calcium chlorides . . . carbon tetrachloride . . . copper chlorides . . . dichlorides . . . germanium chlorides . . . hydrochlorides . . . hydrogen chlorides . . . . hydrochloric acid . . . iron chlorides . . . lanthanum chlorides . . . lead chlorides . . . lithium chlorides . . . magnesium chlorides . . . nitrosyl chlorides . . . nitroxychlorides . . . nitryl chlorides . . . phosgene . . . potassium chlorides . . . silicon tetrachloride . . . silver chlorides . . . sodium chlorides . . . sulfur chlorides . . . tetrachlorides . . . titanium chlorides . . . tungsten chlorides . . . zinc chlorides RT methyl chloride polyvinyl chloride salt beds chlorination GS chemical reactions . halogenation . . chlorination RT bleaching hydrometallurgy pyrometallurgy water treatment chlorine GS chemical elements . halogens . . chlorine chlorine compounds GS halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorates . . chlorides . . . aluminum chlorides . . . ammonium chlorides . . . beryllium chlorides . . . boron chlorides . . . cadmium chlorides . . . calcium chlorides . . . carbon tetrachloride . . . copper chlorides . . . dichlorides . . . germanium chlorides . . . hydrochlorides . . . hydrogen chlorides . . . . hydrochloric acid . . . iron chlorides . . . lanthanum chlorides . . . lead chlorides . . . lithium chlorides . . . magnesium chlorides . . . nitrosyl chlorides . . . nitroxychlorides . . . nitryl chlorides . . . phosgene . . . potassium chlorides . . . silicon tetrachloride . . . silver chlorides . . . sodium chlorides . . . sulfur chlorides . . . tetrachlorides . . . titanium chlorides . . . tungsten chlorides . . . zinc chlorides . . chlorine fluorides . . chlorine oxides . . chlorocarbons . . chlorosilanes . . DDT . . meclizine . . perchlorates . . . aluminum perchlorates . . . ammonium perchlorates . . . hydrazine perchlorates . . . hydrogen perchlorate . . . hydroxylammonium perchlorates . . . lithium perchlorates . . . magnesium perchlorates . . . nitronium perchlorate . . . potassium perchlorates . . trichloroethylene RT# chemical compounds halocarbons chlorine fluorides GS halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorine fluorides . fluorine compounds . . fluorides . . . chlorine fluorides . halides . . fluorides . . . chlorine fluorides RT liquid rocket propellants chlorine oxides GS chalcogenides . oxides . . chlorine oxides halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorine oxides chloroaromatics GS chloroaromatics . chlorobenzenes RT# aromatic compounds chlorobenzenes GS chloroaromatics . chlorobenzenes organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . cyclic hydrocarbons . . . chlorobenzenes . hydrocarbons . . cyclic hydrocarbons . . . chlorobenzenes RT benzene chlorocarbons DEF All compounds containing chlorine and carbon with or without other elements. GS carbon compounds . halocarbons . . chlorocarbons halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorocarbons . halocarbons . . chlorocarbons RT chlorofluorocarbons chloroethylene GS ethylene compounds . chloroethylene . . trichloroethylene chlorofluorocarbons (added December 1991) DEF A family of compounds of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon, entirely of industrial origin. CFCs include refrigerants, propellants for spray cans and for blowing plastic-foam insulation, styrofoam packaging, and solvents for cleaning electronic circuit boards. UF CFCs GS carbon compounds . halocarbons . . chlorofluorocarbons halogen compounds . halocarbons . . chlorofluorocarbons RT air pollution chlorocarbons chlorofluoromethane contaminants fluorocarbons greenhouse effect ozone depletion ozonosphere chlorofluoromethane GS halogen compounds . fluorine compounds . . fluoro compounds . . . fluorine organic compounds . . . . fluorohydrocarbons . . . . chlorofluoromethane organic compounds . fluorine organic compounds . . fluorohydrocarbons . . . chlorofluoromethane . hydrocarbons . . fluorohydrocarbons . . . chlorofluoromethane RT air pollution chlorofluorocarbons contaminants methane ozone depletion chloroform GS drugs . anesthetics . . chloroform RT anesthesiology chloroformate GS esters . chloroformate formates . chloroformate chlorophylls GS magnesium compounds . chlorophylls organometallic compounds . chlorophylls pigments . chlorophylls porphyrins . chlorophylls RT algae brown wave effect cells (biology) chloroplasts Coastal Zone Color Scanner dissolved organic matter green wave effect ocean color scanner photosynthesis plants (botany) porphines Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor skin (anatomy) chloroplasts GS organelles . chloroplasts RT cells (biology) chlorophylls cytoplasm photosynthesis chloroprene resins UF neoprenes GS elastomers . rubber . . synthetic rubbers . . . chloroprene resins chlorosilanes GS halogen compounds . chlorine compounds . . chlorosilanes hydrogen compounds . hydrides . . silanes . . . chlorosilanes silicon compounds . silanes . . chlorosilanes chlorpromazine GS hydrazines . chlorpromazine Choctaw helicopter USE CH-34 helicopter choice USE selection choked flow (added July 1992) GS fluid flow . choked flow RT channel flow ducted flow flow velocity inlet flow nozzle flow orifice flow pipe flow chokes SN (EXCLUDES FUEL SYSTEM AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES) RT chokes (restrictions) # diffusers electric coils mixing nozzle inserts # nozzles chokes (fuel systems) RT carburetors chokes (restrictions) fuel systems orifices # systems chokes (restrictions) RT chokes chokes (fuel systems) closures constrictions impedance # nozzles orifices throats valves cholera GS diseases . infectious diseases . . bacterial diseases . . . cholera RT human pathology kidney diseases pathogenesis pathological effects physiological effects Cholesky factorization DEF A numerical algorithm used to solve linear systems of equations. GS factorization . Cholesky factorization RT conjugates finite element method iterative solution real variables cholesterol GS organic compounds . lipids . . steroids . . . cholesterol RT arteriosclerosis liquid crystals choline GS organic compounds . choline RT vitamins cholinergic blocking agents USE anticholinergics cholinergics GS drugs . cholinergics . . anticholinergics RT cyclic AMP cholinesterase GS biopolymers . proteins . . enzymes . . . cholinesterase organic compounds . proteins . . enzymes . . . cholinesterase RT neuromuscular transmission chondrites DEF Meteoritic stones characterized by small rounded grains or spherules. GS celestial bodies . meteorites . . stony meteorites . . . chondrites . . . . Bruderheim meteorite . . . . carbonaceous chondrites . . . . . Alais meteorite . . . . . Allende meteorite . . . . . Cold Bokkeveld meteorite . . . . . Ivuna meteorite . . . . . Murchison meteorite . . . . . Murray meteorite . . . . . Orgueil meteorite . . . . . Tonk meteorite . . . . Harleton meteorite . . . Hvittis chondrite . . . . Okhansk meteorite . . . . Pantar chondrites . . . . Pribram meteorite RT achondrites chondrule tektites chondrule RT chondrites enstatite meteorites meteoritic microstructures mineralogy choppers (electric) USE electric choppers chords (geometry) DEF Straight lines intersecting circles or other curves, or straight lines connecting the ends of arcs. In aeronautics, straight lines intersecting or touching airfoil profiles at two points; specifically, those parts of lines between two points of intersections. Used for aerodynamic chords. UF aerodynamic chords GS geometry . Euclidean geometry . . lines (geometry) . . . chords (geometry) RT curves (geometry) geodesic lines tangential blowing tangents choroid membranes GS anatomy . sense organs . . eye (anatomy) . . . choroid membranes membranes . choroid membranes RT vision chorus (dawn phenomenon) USE dawn chorus chorus phenomenon USE dawn chorus chromates UF dichromates GS chromium compounds . chromates . . potassium chromates RT# oxygen compounds chromatography DEF The separation of chemical substances by making use of differences in the rates at which the substances travel through or along a stationary medium. GS chemical tests . chemical analysis . . chromatography . . . gas chromatography . . . liquid chromatography . . . paper chromatography . . . thin layer chromatography RT adsorption colorimetry quantitative analysis sorption chrome USE chromium chromic acid GS acids . chromic acid chromium compounds . chromic acid chromites GS minerals . chromites RT chromium chromium oxides peridotite serpentine chromium UF chrome GS chemical elements . chromium . . chromium isotopes metals . refractory metals . . chromium . . . chromium isotopes . transition metals . . chromium . . . chromium isotopes refractory materials . refractory metals . . chromium . . . chromium isotopes RT chromites heavy metals strategic materials chromium alloys GS alloys . chromium alloys . . Astroloy (trademark) . . chromium steels . . Rene 41 . . Rene 63 . . Rene 77 . . Rene 95 RT heat resistant alloys Inconel (trademark) stainless steels Stellite (trademark) Waspaloy chromium borides GS boron compounds . borides . . chromium borides chromium compounds . chromium borides chromium bromides GS chromium compounds . chromium bromides halogen compounds . bromine compounds . . bromides . . . chromium bromides . halides . . bromides . . . chromium bromides . . metal halides . . . chromium bromides chromium carbides GS carbon compounds . carbides . . chromium carbides chromium compounds . chromium carbides chromium compounds GS chromium compounds . chromates . . potassium chromates . chromic acid . chromium borides . chromium bromides . chromium carbides . chromium fluorides . chromium oxides . sodium chromites RT# chemical compounds # Group 6B compounds # metal compounds chromium fluorides GS chromium compounds . chromium fluorides halogen compounds . fluorine compounds . . fluorides . . . metal fluorides . . . . chromium fluorides . halides . . fluorides . . . metal fluorides . . . . chromium fluorides . . metal halides . . . metal fluorides . . . . chromium fluorides chromium isotopes GS chemical elements . chromium . . chromium isotopes . nuclides . . isotopes . . . chromium isotopes metals . refractory metals . . chromium . . . chromium isotopes . transition metals . . chromium . . . chromium isotopes refractory materials . refractory metals . . chromium . . . chromium isotopes chromium oxides GS chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . chromium oxides chromium compounds . chromium oxides RT chromites chromium steels DEF Steels containing chromium as the main alloying element. GS alloys . chromium alloys . . chromium steels . iron alloys . . steels . . . chromium steels RT ferritic stainless steels chromophores (added July 1994) RT color dyes electrochromism nonlinear optics optical activity optical materials # optics pigments chromosomes DEF The self replicating genetic structure of cells containing the celllular DNA that bears in it's nucleotidesequence the linear array of genes. RT cells (biology) congenital anomalies cytology gene expression genes genetic code genetics mitosis mutations # nuclei reproductive systems tetrad theory chromosphere DEF A thin layer of relatively transparent gases above the photosphere of the sun. GS environments . extraterrestrial environments . . stellar atmospheres . . . chromosphere RT coronal loops faculae photosphere solar atmosphere solar corona solar prominences solar transition region spicules stellar structure stellar winds Transition Region and Coronal Explorer chronaxy GS time . reaction time . . chronaxy RT responses sensory stimulation thresholds (perception) chronic conditions GS conditions . chronic conditions RT blood volume diseases disorders health chronobiology USE rhythm (biology) chronographs USE chronometers chronology UF age determination dating GS chronology . geochronology RT time chronometers UF chronographs GS measuring instruments . time measuring instruments . . clocks . . . chronometers RT atomic clocks clock paradox time measurement timing devices chronophotography UF time lapse photography GS imagery . photography . . chronophotography RT black and white photography motion pictures chronotrons USE pulse rate time lag chugging USE combustion stability Chukchi Sea DEF Part of the Arctic Ocean north of the Bering Strait between Asia and North America. GS seas . Chukchi Sea RT Arctic regions chutes UF slides RT conveyors materials handling CID USE charge injection devices cinder cones USE cones (volcanoes) cinefluorography USE motion pictures radiography cinematography GS imagery . photography . . cinematography RT animation black and white photography cameras color photography infrared photography motion pictures stereophotography streak cameras video tapes cineradiography USE motion pictures radiography cinespectrographs RT optical measuring instruments spectroscopy cinetheodolites GS measuring instruments . optical measuring instruments . . transits . . . theodolites . . . . cinetheodolites optical equipment . optical measuring instruments . . transits . . . theodolites . . . . cinetheodolites RT photographic tracking satellite tracking circadian rhythms DEF Regular changes in physiological function occurring in approximately 24 hour cycles. Used for diurnal rhythms. UF diurnal rhythms GS rhythm (biology) . circadian rhythms RT activity cycles (biology) zeitgebers circles (geometry) GS geometry . Euclidean geometry . . circles (geometry) . . . great circles RT circumferences curves (geometry) ellipses radii # rings # sectors segments spheres circuit boards RT electronic packaging printed circuits circuit breakers UF breakers (electric) RT disconnect devices dropouts electric relays # fuses switches switching circuits circuit diagrams UF schematics GS diagrams . circuit diagrams RT engineering drawings layouts photomasks circuit protection GS protection . circuit protection RT capacitors circuits current regulators electric fuses electric power transmission electric reactors electrical faults electrical grounding electrical insulation expulsion # fuses overvoltage phase control phase error sneak circuit analysis suppressors surges transformers transmission circuits transmission lines voltage regulators circuit reliability GS reliability . circuit reliability RT aircraft reliability component reliability drift (instrumentation) quality control sneak circuit analysis spacecraft reliability circuits DEF Networks providing one or more closed paths. Used for electric circuits, exploding conductor circuits, shunts, and subcircuits. UF electric circuits exploding conductor circuits shunts subcircuits GS circuits . adding circuits . analog circuits . autodynes . bistable circuits . . flip-flops . cancellation circuits . clamping circuits . coincidence circuits . comparator circuits . conjugated circuits . counting circuits . . scalers . coupling circuits . delay circuits . . phantastrons . digital integrators . diplexers . discriminators . . Fraunhofer line discriminators . . frequency discriminators . echo suppressors . electric bridges . . wire bridge circuits . . . Wheatstone bridges . equivalent circuits . feedback circuits . fire control circuits . fluidic circuits . gates (circuits) . . field-programmable gate arrays . . threshold gates . hybrid circuits . integrated circuits . . application specific integrated circuits . . DTL integrated circuits . . encapsulated microcircuits . . field-programmable gate arrays . . large scale integration . . linear integrated circuits . . medium scale integration . . TTL integrated circuits . . very large scale integration . . VHSIC (circuits) . iterative networks . LC circuits . limiter circuits . . clipper circuits . linear circuits . magnetic circuits . matrices (circuits) . microwave circuits . mixing circuits . multivibrators . . flip-flops . . monostable multivibrators . negative resistance circuits . Ohms law . phase detectors . . synchroscopes . phase shift circuits . . circulators (phase shift circuits) . pneumatic circuits . power supply circuits . printed circuits . RC circuits . RL circuits . . RLC circuits . squelch circuits . sweep circuits . switching circuits . . fluid switching elements . logic circuits . transistor circuits . transmission circuits . trigger circuits . varactor diode circuits . . threshold gates RT amplifiers breadboard models capacitors # cascades circuit protection differentiators digital electronics duality principle duplexers electric connectors electric current # electric equipment electric filters electric motors electric power transmission electric wire electrical grounding electromechanics electron tubes flat conductors inductors integrators Kirchhoff law of networks loops microelectronics microminiaturization microstrip devices miniature electronic equipment miniaturization modules network analysis oscillators selectors short circuits signal generators solid state devices solions # strip transmission lines trees (mathematics) underground transmission lines voltage controlled oscillators wiring circular cones GS cones . circular cones RT half cones nose cones circular cylinders RT# cylinders cylindrical bodies cylindrical shells elliptical cylinders circular orbits GS orbits . circular orbits . . stationary orbits RT Earth orbits eccentric orbits elliptical orbits equatorial orbits geosynchronous orbits lunar orbits orbital mechanics planetary orbits polar orbits quadratures satellite orbits solar orbits spacecraft orbits twenty-four hour orbits circular plates GS structural members . plates (structural members) . . circular plates RT annular plates disks (shapes) end plates flat plates circular polarization GS polarization (waves) . circular polarization RT elliptical polarization optical polarization circular shells GS shells (structural forms) . circular shells RT cylindrical shells hemispherical shells metal shells spherical shells circular tubes RT cylindrical shells duct geometry pipes (tubes) # tubes circular waveguides DEF Small hollow tubes that are designed to transmit a specific wavelength along the length of the tube. GS waveguides . circular waveguides RT microwave transmission propagation modes circulation DEF The flow or motion of a fluid in or through a given area or volume. A precise measure of the average flow of a fluid along a given closed curve. Used for recirculation. UF recirculation GS circulation . atmospheric circulation . . zonal flow (meteorology) . blood circulation . . brain circulation . . coronary circulation . . intercranial circulation . . ocular circulation . . peripheral circulation . . pulmonary circulation . water circulation . . water currents . . . ocean currents . . . . coastal currents . . . . el Nino . . . Gulf Stream . . . . Lomonosov current RT blowing circulation distribution congestion # currents delivery diffusion dispersing # flow fluid flow purging rotation circulation control airfoils DEF Airfoils in which a high lift capability is produced by supercirculation where control of the stagnation points by the jet sheet produces high lift coefficients. GS airfoils . circulation control airfoils . . circulation control rotors RT blowing boundary layer control Coanda effect # control lift augmentation short takeoff aircraft tangential blowing under surface blowing upper surface blowing circulation control rotors DEF Rotors that provide STOL capability on high performance aircraft by means of tangential blowing over a rounded trailing edge and mass flow characteristic of turbine engine bleed. GS airfoils . circulation control airfoils . . circulation control rotors . wings . . rotary wings . . . circulation control rotors rotating bodies . rotors . . rotary wings . . . circulation control rotors RT# control vertical takeoff aircraft x wing rotors circulation distribution DEF The line integral of the velocity component around a curve along the closed contour. RT atmospheric circulation circulation # distribution velocity distribution circulators (phase shift circuits) GS circuits . phase shift circuits . . circulators (phase shift circuits) RT cavity resonators delay circuits duplexers Faraday effect Hall generators limiter circuits circulatory system GS anatomy . circulatory system . . cardiovascular system . . . blood vessels . . . . arteries . . . . . aorta . . . . capillaries (anatomy) . . . . . glomerulus . . . . veins . . . heart . . . . cardiac auricles . . . . cardiac ventricles . . . . epicardium . . . . myocardium RT arteriosclerosis artificial cardiac pacemaker blood circulation blood pumps carotid sinus body carotid sinus reflex exercise physiology hypervolemia organs circumferences GS geometry . Euclidean geometry . . analytic geometry . . . circumferences RT boundaries circles (geometry) diameters radii circumlunar communication GS telecommunication . space communication . . lunar communication . . . circumlunar communication RT interplanetary communication radar radio communication satellite communication spacecraft communication unified S band circumlunar trajectories GS trajectories . round trip trajectories . . circumlunar trajectories . spacecraft trajectories . . lunar trajectories . . . circumlunar trajectories RT Earth orbits Earth-Moon trajectories lunar flight lunar orbits moon-Earth trajectories reentry trajectories rendezvous trajectories transfer orbits circumpolar westerlies GS wind (meteorology) . circumpolar westerlies RT atmospheric circulation jet streams (meteorology) winds aloft zonal flow (meteorology) circumsolar radiation DEF Radiation from small angle scattering of direct sunlight from atmospheric aerosols with dimensions on the order of or greater than the wavelength of light. GS extraterrestrial radiation . solar radiation . . circumsolar radiation RT atmospheric scattering light scattering # radiation scattering sunlight circumsolar telescopes DEF Optical instruments for measuring the circumsolar radiation for application to solar energy systems. Mirrors and lenses are utilized for incident sunlight concentration. GS telescopes . circumsolar telescopes RT lenses measuring instruments mirrors optical equipment radiation pyrometers solar radiation circumstellar matter USE stellar envelopes cirques (landforms) GS landforms . structural basins . . cirques (landforms) RT glaciers ice mountains snow cirrocumulus clouds DEF Cerriform clouds appearing as a thin sheet of small white puffs resembling flakes or patches of cotton without shadows. GS clouds (meteorology) . cirrocumulus clouds RT atmospheric moisture cirrostratus clouds climatology cloud cover fog meteorology nephanalysis precipitation (meteorology) thunderstorms weather cirrostratus clouds DEF Cirriform clouds appearing as a whitish veil. Usually fibrous, sometimes smooth, they often produce halo phenomena. This form may totally cover the sky. GS clouds (meteorology) . cirrostratus clouds RT atmospheric moisture cirrocumulus clouds climatology cloud cover fog meteorology nephanalysis precipitation (meteorology) thunderstorms weather cirrus clouds DEF Cirriform clouds in the form of thin, white featherlike shapes in patches or narrow bands. They have a fibrous and/or silky sheen. Large ice crystals often trail downward a considerable vertical distance in fibrous, slanted, or irregualrly curved wisps called mares' tails. GS clouds (meteorology) . cirrus clouds cirrus shields GS clouds (meteorology) . cirrus shields RT climatology meteorology weather forecasting CIS USE Commonwealth of Independent States cislunar space DEF Of or pertaining to phenomena, projects, or activity in the space between the Earth and the moon, or between the Earth and the moon's orbit. GS environments . aerospace environments . . cislunar space . extraterrestrial environments . . cislunar space RT deep space Earth-Moon trajectories interplanetary space lunar flight lunar orbits # space cities UF metropolitan areas urban areas GS cities . Atlanta (GA) . Cedar Rapids (IA) . Houston (TX) . Manitou (CO) . Moscow . New Haven (CT) . New York City (NY) . Phoenix (AZ) . Pontiac (MI) . San Francisco (CA) . Vatican City RT anthropology communities heat islands industrial areas inhabitants megalopolises nations residential areas sociology suburban areas urban development urban planning urban research citrates RT citric acid esters citric acid GS acids . carboxylic acids . . citric acid organic compounds . carbohydrates . . citric acid . carboxylic acids . . citric acid RT citrates citrus trees GS plants (botany) . trees (plants) . . citrus trees RT agriculture blight botany crop growth crop vigor # crops curing # food irrigation orchards seeds civil aviation UF commercial aviation RT# aeronautics air law airline operations aviation meteorology commercial aircraft general aviation aircraft passenger aircraft civil defense RT air defense antimissile defense chemical defense # defense defense program evacuating (transportation) nuclear explosions nuclear warfare protection Sentinel system shelters survival warning warning systems CL-41 aircraft UF Canadair CL-41 aircraft CT-114 aircraft Tutor aircraft GS attack aircraft . CL-41 aircraft Canadair aircraft . CL-41 aircraft General Dynamics aircraft . CL-41 aircraft jet aircraft . CL-41 aircraft monoplanes . CL-41 aircraft RT# aircraft CL-44 aircraft UF Canadair CL-44 aircraft CC-106 aircraft Yukon aircraft GS Canadair aircraft . CL-44 aircraft General Dynamics aircraft . CL-44 aircraft jet aircraft . turboprop aircraft . . CL-44 aircraft monoplanes . CL-44 aircraft transport aircraft . cargo aircraft . . CL-44 aircraft RT# aircraft CL-84 aircraft UF Canadair CL-84 aircraft GS antisubmarine warfare aircraft . CL-84 aircraft Canadair aircraft . CL-84 aircraft General Dynamics aircraft . CL-84 aircraft jet aircraft . turboprop aircraft . . CL-84 aircraft tilt wing aircraft . CL-84 aircraft transport aircraft . CL-84 aircraft V/STOL aircraft . CL-84 aircraft RT# aircraft CL-595 helicopter USE XH-51 helicopter CL-600 challenger aircraft DEF Canadair turbofan aircraft with supercritical wings. GS Canadair aircraft . CL-600 challenger aircraft general aviation aircraft . CL-600 challenger aircraft jet aircraft . turbofan aircraft . . CL-600 challenger aircraft RT# aircraft # military aircraft supercritical wings CL-823 aircraft UF Lockheed CL-823 aircraft GS jet aircraft . CL-823 aircraft Lockheed aircraft . CL-823 aircraft supersonic aircraft . supersonic transports . . CL-823 aircraft transport aircraft . CL-823 aircraft RT# aircraft cladding DEF A coating placed on the surface of a material and usually bonded to the material. GS metal working . cladding RT anodic stripping cathodic coatings cold working composite materials explosive welding extruding laminates metal coatings metallizing plating protective coatings claiming RT# law patents preempting clamped structures (added February 1998) RT beams (supports) clamps composite structures joints (junctions) laminates plates (structural members) shells (structural forms) structural members structural vibration # structures clamping circuits DEF Circuits which maintain either extremity of a waveform at a prescribed potential. Networks for adjusting the absolute voltage level of waveforms. GS circuits . clamping circuits RT limiter circuits power limiters clamps RT# bands clamped structures clips fasteners holders jigs mechanical devices sealing straps clarity RT atmospheric optics electromagnetic properties haze opacity optical properties purity # sharpness solubility transparence turbidity Clark Y airfoil USE airfoil profiles classes RT categories # groups # sections Classic aircraft USE IL-62 aircraft classical mechanics GS classical mechanics . space mechanics . . astrodynamics . . celestial mechanics . . orbital mechanics . . . Kepler laws . . . minimum variance orbit determination RT angular momentum continuum mechanics equations of motion Euler-Lagrange equation Hamiltonian functions Lagrange coordinates Maxwell bodies # mechanics (physics) momentum phase-space integral Poisson equation quaternions statistical mechanics classifications GS classifications . hierarchies . . BBGKY hierarchy . . dichotomies . indexes (documentation) . . KWIC indexes . . Wiswesser notations . subjects RT astronomical catalogs # breakdown # classifying cluster analysis congeners image classification taxonomy classifiers GS separators . classifiers . . sizing screens . . thickeners (equipment) RT centrifuges concentrating concentrators flotation # separation shakers size determination size separation spirals (concentrators) # classifying SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) UF sorting RT classifications concentrators discriminant analysis (statistics) evaluation image classification security selection size separation sorting algorithms taxonomy clathrates RT# chemical compounds crystal structure crystals inclusions clays GS clays . illite . kaolinite . montmorillonite . vermiculite RT alluvium boreholes bricks ceramics colloids fans (landforms) grout masonry mining molding materials mud refractory materials rocks sedimentary rocks sediments shales sizing materials soils strip mining clean energy RT air pollution environment pollution environmental engineering geothermal energy conversion renewable energy tidepower water pollution waterwave energy windpower utilization clean fuels DEF Energy sources from which pollutants and other impurities have been removed by refining, purification, and other means, to produce fuels less conducive to pollution. GS fuels . clean fuels RT beneficiation chemical fuels hydrocarbon fuels pollution refining synthetic fuels clean rooms DEF Areas in which the temperature, humidity, and the airborne particulate contamination are controlled as required. GS rooms . clean rooms RT assembling cleanliness controlled atmospheres environmental control cleaners GS cleaners . air filters RT# absorbers absorbers (equipment) absorbers (materials) cleaning cleanliness separators ultrasonic cleaning washers (cleaners) cleaning GS cleaning . chemical cleaning . . pickling (metallurgy) . housekeeping (spacecraft) . sterilization . . chemical sterilization . . spacecraft sterilization . ultrasonic cleaning . washing . . bathing . environmental cleanup RT abrasion antifouling antiseptics bleaching cleaners cleanliness clearing corrosion prevention decontamination descaling dissolving dust flushing metal finishing metal polishing paint removal polishing purification # reduction refining scarfing scavenging scrubbers # separation surface finishing trichloroethylene waste water cleanliness GS cleanliness . housekeeping (spacecraft) RT clean rooms cleaners cleaning hygiene oral hygiene clear air turbulence GS turbulence . atmospheric turbulence . . clear air turbulence RT aviation meteorology gusts jet streams (meteorology) thermal instability turbulent diffusion wind shear clearances RT adjusting alignment allowances datum (elevation) spacing tightness tolerances (mechanics) clearing RT cleaning purging removal clearings (openings) UF slashes GS clearings (openings) . firebreaks . polynyas RT deforestation forests trees (plants) cleavage UF scission RT brittle materials brittleness Clebsch-Gordan coefficients GS coefficients . Clebsch-Gordan coefficients RT angular momentum coupling Clementine spacecraft (added May 1997) DEF A spacecraft launched in January 1994 as part of a joint NASA/DoD-BMDO (Ballistic Missile Defense Organization) mission to space-qualify several lightweight electronic instruments and systems (including an ultraviolet/visible CCD camera, a near infrared and long-wavelength infrared camera, and a combined high-resolution CCD camera and laser ranging system). The Clementine mission also provided the first complete systematic surface mapping of the moon from the ultraviolet to near infrared spectral regions. A software malfunction in May of 1994 precluded a planned flyby of the asteroid Geographos.+ RT asteroid missions CCD cameras flyby missions lunar exploration lunar maps lunar spacecraft lunar surface # spacecraft client server systems (added May 1996) GS networks . computer networks . . client server systems RT architecture (computers) computer systems design distributed processing internets Java (programming language) on-line systems cliffs UF bluffs (landforms) RT canyons escarpments fiords landslides ledges # shelves slopes topography climate UF macroclimate RT climate change climatology long term effects meteorology paleoclimatology Southern Oscillation weather climate change RT air pollution atmospheric composition atmospheric temperature biomass burning carbon dioxide concentration climate climate models climatology global warming greenhouse effect man environment interactions Mission to Planet Earth paleoclimatology stratospheric warming climate models (added March 1995) GS models . climate models RT atmospheric models climate change environment models hydrology models ocean models climatology DEF Branch of meteorology that studies the average weather conditions and statistical variations for a specified region over an extended period of time. UF Milankovitch theory GS climatology . agroclimatology . hydroclimatology . microclimatology . paleoclimatology RT Antarctic regions anvil clouds Arctic regions atmospheric circulation Atmospheric General Circulation Models cap clouds cirrocumulus clouds cirrostratus clouds cirrus shields climate climate change cloud cover cloud dispersal clouds (meteorology) dendrochronology desertline deserts environmental chemistry environmental engineering FIRE (climatology) fog dispersal geography hailstorms heat islands humidity hurricanes hydrology intraseasonal variations ISCCP Project lightning suppression Madden-Julian Oscillation meteorology middle atmosphere periodic variations phenology polar meteorology polar regions precipitation (meteorology) primitive equations quasi-biennial oscillation rainmaking sea breeze seasons snowstorms solar radiation storm enhancement storm suppression storms storms (meteorology) sunlight teleconnections (meteorology) temperate regions temperature tropical regions weather wind (meteorology) zonal flow (meteorology) climbing flight GS ascent . climbing flight RT ascent trajectories coasting flight # flight flight paths horizontal flight parabolic flight rocket flight soaring takeoff turning flight vertical flight clinical medicine GS medical science . clinical medicine RT anesthesiology bed rest blood volume case histories diagnosis examination healing health human beings # medicine # operations sports medicine surgery transplantation # treatment clinorotation (added July 2000) DEF Rotational motion of a test subject about one or more axes that are inclined with respect to the gravitational vector; often applied to simulate a microgravity environment. UF clinostat rotation clinostating GS gyration . rotation . . clinorotation RT centrifuging clinostats gravitational effects gravitational physiology microgravity rotating environments space environment simulation weightlessness weightlessness simulation clinostat rotation USE clinorotation clinostating USE clinorotation clinostats (added July 2000) DEF Devices for producing vector-averaged gravitational environments which mimic microgravity. UF random positioning machines GS simulators . environment simulators . . space simulators . . . clinostats RT bioreactors centrifuges clinorotation gravitational effects gravitational physiology microgravity rotating environments space environment simulation tissue engineering weightlessness simulation clipper circuits GS circuits . limiter circuits . . clipper circuits RT comparator circuits power limiters clips RT anchors (fasteners) # bands clamps couplings fasteners holders mechanical devices clock paradox GS time measurement . clock paradox RT atomic clocks chronometers time signals timing devices clocks UF watches GS measuring instruments . time measuring instruments . . clocks . . . atomic clocks . . . autonomous spacecraft clocks . . . chronometers RT time measurement time synchronization timing devices clogging USE plugging cloning (biology) (added August 1997) RT biotechnology cells (biology) culture techniques deoxyribonucleic acid gene expression genes genetic code genetic engineering genetics reproduction (biology) close packed lattices GS crystal lattices . close packed lattices RT body centered cubic lattices face centered cubic lattices closed basins USE structural basins closed circuit television GS communication equipment . closed circuit television telecommunication . closed circuit television television systems . closed circuit television RT cable television color television educational television stereotelevision television cameras television receivers television transmission wireless communication closed cycles SN (EXCLUDES CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS) RT control theory cooling systems electric generators gas turbines loops nuclear reactors plasma generators thermal cycling tests thermodynamic cycles closed ecological systems DEF Systems that provide for the maintenance of life in an isolated living chamber through complete reutilization of the material available, in particular, by means of a cycle wherein exhaled carbon dioxide, urine, and other waste matter are converted chemically or by photosynthesis into oxygen, water, and food. Used for bioregenerative life support systems. UF bioregenerative life support systems GS support systems . life support systems . . closed ecological systems RT aerospace medicine bioastronautics ecology ecosystems food production (in space) gnotobiotics long term effects oxygen production space habitats spacecraft cabin atmospheres spacecraft environments survival # systems closed faults USE geological faults closed loop systems USE feedback control closing RT blocking plugging sealing stopping Clostridium GS microorganisms . bacteria . . Clostridium . . . Clostridium botulinum RT bacterial diseases Clostridium botulinum GS microorganisms . bacteria . . Clostridium . . . Clostridium botulinum RT bacteriology pathogens toxic diseases closure law GS laws . closure law RT field theory (physics) k-epsilon turbulence model statistical mechanics turbulent flow closures RT# barriers blocking chokes (restrictions) constrictions couplings coverings enclosures end plates fasteners fittings # gates joints (junctions) plugging plugs seals (stoppers) tightness valves cloth USE fabrics clothing GS clothing . boots (footwear) . cotton fibers . coveralls . flight clothing . garments . gloves . goggles . protective clothing . . helmets . . pressure suits . . . space suits . . . . extravehicular mobility units . . vapor barrier clothing . shoes . socks . suits . . pressure suits . . . space suits . . . . extravehicular mobility units RT chemical defense consumables (spacecrew supplies) cotton cuffs fabrics leather textiles vests clotting RT blood coagulation embolisms thrombocytes thromboplastin cloud chambers DEF Devices for observing the paths of ionizing particles, based on the principle that supersaturated vapor condenses more readily on ions than on neutral molecules. GS ionization chambers . cloud chambers RT bubble chambers # chambers radiation counters spark chambers cloud cover UF overcast RT anvil clouds # blankets cap clouds cirrocumulus clouds cirrostratus clouds climatology clouds (meteorology) FIRE (climatology) flight conditions ISCCP Project meteorological parameters meteorology METEOSAT satellite nephanalysis shadows sky sky brightness solar radiation sunlight Venus clouds Venus surface weather forecasting cloud dispersal GS weather modification . cloud dispersal RT climatology clouds (meteorology) dispersing cloud glaciation GS ice formation . cloud glaciation RT freezing graupel hail ice clouds ice nuclei snow snow cover cloud height indicators UF ceilometers GS measuring instruments . indicating instruments . . cloud height indicators . meteorological instruments . . cloud height indicators RT ceilings (meteorology) cloud photographs GS photographs . cloud photographs RT aerial photography all sky photography photography spaceborne photography TIROS project cloud photography GS imagery . photography . . cloud photography RT aerial photography all sky photography black and white photography ESSA satellites meteorological satellites METEOSAT satellite Nimbus 1 satellite Nimbus 2 satellite Nimbus project Nimbus satellites spaceborne photography TIROS operational satellite system TIROS project TIROS satellites cloud physics DEF A subdivision of physical meteorology concerned with physical properties of clouds in the atmosphere and the processes occurring therein. GS atmospheric physics . cloud physics RT Aitken nuclei Atmospheric Cloud Physics Lab (Spacelab) atmospheric electricity condensation nuclei condensing convection clouds drop size fog dispersal graupel nephanalysis Ophiuchi clouds # physics precipitation (meteorology) # science Venus clouds weather modification cloud seeding DEF Any technique carried out with the intent of adding to a natural cloud in a planetary atmosphere certain substances that will alter the natural development of that cloud. GS nucleation . cloud seeding weather modification . cloud seeding RT clouds (meteorology) precipitation (meteorology) rain rainmaking stimulation # clouds SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT clouds (meteorology) dust electron clouds exhaust clouds H I regions H II regions hydrogen clouds ice clouds infrared cirrus (astronomy) Magellanic clouds magnetic clouds meteoroid dust clouds molecular clouds Oort cloud Ophiuchi clouds particles plasma clouds Venus clouds clouds (meteorology) DEF A visible mass of water vapor suspended in the atmosphere above the Earth's surface. UF chaotic cloud patterns GS clouds (meteorology) . artificial clouds . . chemical clouds . . . barium ion clouds . cap clouds . cirrocumulus clouds . cirrostratus clouds . cirrus clouds . cirrus shields . convection clouds . . arc clouds . . cumulonimbus clouds . . . anvil clouds . . cumulus clouds . . . anvil clouds . ice clouds . nimbostratus clouds . noctilucent clouds . stratocumulus clouds . stratus clouds RT acid rain Alpine meteorology atmospheric correction atmospheric moisture climatology cloud cover cloud dispersal cloud seeding # clouds condensation nuclei drop size FIRE (climatology) fog fog dispersal ISCCP Project meteorology nephanalysis precipitation (meteorology) shadows sky thunderstorms weather cloud-to-cloud discharges (added August 1999) GS electric current . electric discharges . . lightning . . . cloud-to-cloud discharges cloud-to-ground discharges (added August 1999) GS electric current . electric discharges . . lightning . . . cloud-to-ground discharges RT elves sprites (atmospheric physics) clumps RT agglomeration atomic clusters # clusters metal clusters molecular clusters pattern recognition regression analysis cluster analysis DEF The analysis of data with the object of finding natural groupings within the data either by hand or with the aid of a computer. RT classifications data mining image analysis image processing pattern recognition remote sensing statistical analysis Cluster Mission (added September 1989) GS space missions . Cluster Mission RT Earth magnetosphere European space programs international cooperation # missions NASA space programs scientific satellites SOHO Mission solar terrestrial interactions solar wind space plasmas cluster variation method (added July 1997) DEF An exact, statistical-mechanical technique for approximating the configurational entropy of a crystalline material, such as an alloy. The method is based on the cluster-cumulant expansion of entropy, that involves the expansion of the thermodynamic quantities of an infinite system in terms of the density matrices of finite groups of lattice sites called clusters. The method, first proposed by Kikuchi, was developed as a theoretical tool for dealing with atomic ordering. UF CVM (solid state) RT binary alloys body centered cubic lattices face centered cubic lattices Hamiltonian functions intermetallics Ising model # methodology order-disorder transformations phase diagrams phase transformations solid solutions statistical mechanics ternary alloys # clusters SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT atomic clusters clumps galactic clusters globular clusters metal clusters micelles molecular clusters Pleiades cluster Praesepe star clusters star clusters Virgo galactic cluster clutches RT engine parts mechanical devices mechanical drives clutter DEF Atmospheric noise, extraneous signals, etc. which tend to obscure the reception of a desired signal in a radio receiver, radarscope, etc. GS echoes . radar echoes . . clutter RT airborne radar jamming radio frequency interference C-M diagram USE color-magnitude diagram CMBR (astronomy) USE cosmic microwave background radiation CMOS DEF The combination of a PMOS (p-type channel metal oxide semiconductor) with an NMOS (n-type channel metal oxide semiconductor). Used for complementary metal oxide semiconductors. UF complementary metal oxide semiconductors GS electronic equipment . solid state devices . . semiconductor devices . . . metal oxide semiconductors . . . . CMOS semiconductors (materials) . metal oxide semiconductors . . CMOS RT cascode devices ITO (semiconductors) latch-up CN emission DEF Radio waves emitted from incandescent gaseous cyanide (CN) in space under low pressures at wavelengths characteristic of the elements comprising the gas. Used for cyanide emission. UF cyanide emission GS electromagnetic radiation . radio waves . . radio emission . . . CN emission emission . radio emission . . CN emission RT hydrocyanic acid millimeter waves radio sources (astronomy) cnoidal waves DEF Finite amplitude progressive waves in shallow water having a wave profile represented by the Jacobian elliptic function "CN." RT elastic waves gravity waves shallow water solitary waves surface waves water depth water waves # waves CNSR USE Rosetta mission CNT (nanotechnology) USE carbon nanotubes Coachella Valley (CA) GS valleys . Coachella Valley (CA) RT California deserts coagulation GS coagulation . blood coagulation RT accumulations agglomeration Aitken nuclei blood coalescing concentrating deposition embolisms fibrin flocculating flotation gelation hardening (materials) hemorrhages lumping precipitation (chemistry) # separation # setting settling solidification thrombopenia water treatment coal DEF A brown to black combustible sedimentary rock (in the geological sense) composed principally of consolidated and chemically altered plant remains. GS fuels . chemical fuels . . hydrocarbon fuels . . . fossil fuels . . . . coal . . . . anthracite . . . . . lignite . . . . solvent refined coal resources . Earth resources . . fossil fuels . . . coal . . . anthracite . . . lignite . . . . solvent refined coal rocks . sedimentary rocks . . carbonaceous rocks . . . coal . . . anthracite . . . lignite . . . . solvent refined coal RT ashes asphaltenes bitumens carbonaceous materials coal derived gases coal derived liquids coal gasification coal liquefaction coal utilization coke energy policy fly ash hydropyrolysis peat regolith soils strip mining synthane coal derived gases DEF The gases which are derived from various coal gasification processes. RT catalysts coal coal derived liquids coal gasification coal utilization methane coal derived liquids DEF Fluid hydrocarbons derived from the liquefaction of coal. RT asphaltenes catalysts coal coal derived gases coal gasification coal liquefaction coal utilization coal gasification GS gasification . coal gasification . . hydropyrolysis RT coal coal derived gases coal derived liquids coal liquefaction cracking (chemical engineering) energy policy fuel cell power plants gases hydrocarbon fuels hydrocracking lignite methanation synthane volatility coal liquefaction GS phase transformations . liquefaction . . coal liquefaction RT asphaltenes coal coal derived liquids coal gasification energy policy hydrocarbon fuels hydrocracking hydropyrolysis lignite melting solvent refined coal coal utilization GS utilization . coal utilization RT coal coal derived gases coal derived liquids energy consumption energy policy energy technology hydrocarbon fuels lignite solvent refined coal coalescence USE coalescing coalescing DEF Growing of grains at the expense of the remainder by adsorption or the growth of a phase or particle at the expense of the remainder by absorption or by reprecipitation. Used for coalescence. UF coalescence RT agglomeration agitation coagulation concentrating flocculating magnetic islands mixers # separation settling thickeners (equipment) Coanda effect RT# attachment bubbles circulation control airfoils # effects entrainment fluid amplifiers jet amplifiers jet streams (meteorology) reattached flow # separation thrust augmentation coarseness RT fineness Ostwald ripening reflectance roughness surface properties surface roughness surface stability surface temperature coastal currents DEF Ocean currents caused by the approach of waves to coasts at an angle. They flow parallel to and near the shore. Used for littoral currents and longshore currents. UF littoral currents longshore currents GS circulation . water circulation . . water currents . . . ocean currents . . . . coastal currents RT beaches coasts # currents gyres oceanography oceans sea truth seas tides wetlands coastal dunes USE dunes coastal ecology GS ecology . coastal ecology RT biometeorology coasts Earth resources environment effects environments marine environments marine resources oil pollution phenology thermal pollution waterfowl wetlands coastal marshlands USE marshlands coastal plains GS land . plains . . coastal plains landforms . plains . . coastal plains RT bars (landforms) beaches biometeorology coasts Earth resources ecology environments piedmonts wetlands coastal ranges (CA) GS landforms . mountains . . coastal ranges (CA) RT California Pacific Ocean coastal water GS water . nearshore water . . coastal water RT Coastal Zone Color Scanner environment effects ocean color scanner oceans sea water shellfish shorelines vadose water water depth wetlands Coastal Zone Color Scanner DEF A spaceborne instrument devoted to the measurement of ocean color. Every parameter is optimized for use over water to the exclusion of other types of sensing. GS scanners . ocean color scanner . . Coastal Zone Color Scanner RT chlorophylls coastal water colorimetry multispectral band scanners ocean data acquisitions systems oceanographic parameters oceanography photomapping remote sensing remote sensors satellite imagery Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor water color coasting flight DEF The flight of a rocket between burnout of thrust cutoff of one stage and ignition of another, or between burnout and summit altitude or maximum horizontal range. RT ascent trajectories ballistic trajectories climbing flight cruising flight descent trajectories # flight midcourse trajectories parabolic flight rocket flight soaring coasts DEF The strips of land of indefinite width (may be many kilometers) that extend from the low tide line inland to the first major change in landforms. RT beaches Caspian Sea coastal currents coastal ecology coastal plains coral reefs cusps (landforms) dunes estuaries lagoons lakes littoral drift marine environments oceans seas shorelines storm surges tidal flats upwelling water coating GS coating . anodizing . electroplating . encapsulating . metallizing RT anodic stripping coatings corrosion prevention deposition flame plating flame spraying HVOF thermal spraying lining processes metal finishing metal spraying # metallurgy metalorganic chemical vapor deposition plasma spraying # priming sealing siliconizing spraying surface finishing surface properties surface treatment vapor deposition coatings DEF Liquid, liquefiable or mastic compositions which are converted to a solid protective, decorative, or functional adherent film after application as a thin layer. GS coatings . antiradar coatings . antireflection coatings . birefringent coatings . cathodic coatings . electroplating . enamels . encapsulating . glass coatings . glazes . inorganic coatings . . anodic coatings . . ceramic coatings . lacquers . magnetic films . metal coatings . . aluminum coatings . . gold coatings . . nickel coatings . . zinc coatings . metallizing . paints . . pressure sensitive paints . plastic coatings . protective coatings . . anodic coatings . . ceramic coatings . . primers (coatings) . . refractory coatings . rubber coatings . sprayed coatings . thermal control coatings RT additives coating composite materials corrosion corrosion prevention coverings cryodeposits deposition deposits diamond films dipping electroless deposition energy absorption films epoxy resins fabrics # films finishes flame spraying furan resins hot corrosion impregnating inhibitors laminates Langmuir-Blodgett films # layers lining processes linings metal films metal finishing metal spraying # metallurgy moisture resistance passivity pavements plasma spraying plasticizers # priming protection rusting sealers sealing # sheets siliconizing solvents spraying substrates surface finishing surface properties thin films vapor deposition veneers waterproofing waxes weatherproofing wings coaxial cables DEF Waveguides consisting of two concentric conductors insulated from each other. Used for coaxial transmission. UF coaxial transmission GS transmission lines . communication cables . . coaxial cables RT# cables power lines submarine cables waveguides coaxial flow GS fluid flow . coaxial flow RT annular flow annular nozzles axial flow axisymmetric flow flow geometry Hilsch tubes shear flow stratified flow two dimensional flow coaxial nozzles DEF Class of nozzle configurations in jet aircraft for reducing noise. RT aircraft noise axial flow fluid flow noise reduction nozzle geometry # nozzles supersonic nozzles variable cycle engines coaxial plasma accelerators GS plasma accelerators . coaxial plasma accelerators RT# accelerators magnetic nozzles plasma engines plasma guns coaxial transmission USE coaxial cables transmission cobalt GS chemical elements . cobalt . . cobalt isotopes . . . cobalt 58 . . . cobalt 60 metals . transition metals . . cobalt . . . cobalt isotopes . . . . cobalt 58 . . . . cobalt 60 RT strategic materials cobalt 58 GS chemical elements . cobalt . . cobalt isotopes . . . cobalt 58 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . cobalt isotopes . . . . cobalt 58 . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . cobalt 58 metals . transition metals . . cobalt . . . cobalt isotopes . . . . cobalt 58 cobalt 60 GS chemical elements . cobalt . . cobalt isotopes . . . cobalt 60 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . cobalt isotopes . . . . cobalt 60 . . . radioactive isotopes . . . . cobalt 60 metals . transition metals . . cobalt . . . cobalt isotopes . . . . cobalt 60 cobalt acetates GS acetates . cobalt acetates cobalt compounds . cobalt acetates esters . cobalt acetates cobalt alloys GS alloys . cobalt alloys . . Astroloy (trademark) . . Rene 41 . . Rene 63 . . Rene 77 . . Rene 95 RT heat resistant alloys Kovar (trademark) Stellite (trademark) Waspaloy cobalt compounds GS cobalt compounds . cobalt acetates . cobalt fluorides . cobalt oxalates . cobalt oxides . cohenite RT# chemical compounds # Group 8 compounds # metal compounds cobalt fluorides GS cobalt compounds . cobalt fluorides halogen compounds . fluorine compounds . . fluorides . . . metal fluorides . . . . cobalt fluorides . halides . . fluorides . . . metal fluorides . . . . cobalt fluorides . . metal halides . . . metal fluorides . . . . cobalt fluorides cobalt isotopes GS chemical elements . cobalt . . cobalt isotopes . . . cobalt 58 . . . cobalt 60 . nuclides . . isotopes . . . cobalt isotopes . . . . cobalt 58 . . . . cobalt 60 metals . transition metals . . cobalt . . . cobalt isotopes . . . . cobalt 58 . . . . cobalt 60 cobalt oxalates GS cobalt compounds . cobalt oxalates oxalates . cobalt oxalates cobalt oxides GS chalcogenides . oxides . . metal oxides . . . cobalt oxides cobalt compounds . cobalt oxides COBE USE Cosmic Background Explorer satellite Cobol UF Common Business Oriented Language GS languages . programming languages . . Cobol RT FORTRAN PL/1 Cobra Dane (radar) DEF Radar installation for monitoring Soviet missiles. GS radar . surveillance radar . . Cobra Dane (radar) . tracking radar . . Cobra Dane (radar) RT antenna arrays early warning systems missile trajectories radar signatures Coccomyces GS plants (botany) . fungi . . Coccomyces cochannel interference (added April 2000) DEF Interference caused by multiple, simultaneous transmissions occurring in the same communication channel. GS electromagnetic interference . radio frequency interference . . cochannel interference RT channel capacity channel noise intersymbolic interference phase shift keying cochlea GS anatomy . sense organs . . ear . . . labyrinth . . . . cochlea . . . . . Corti organ Cock aircraft USE AN-22 aircraft cockpit assistant systems USE pilot support systems cockpit simulators GS simulators . training simulators . . flight simulators . . . cockpit simulators training devices . training simulators . . flight simulators . . . cockpit simulators RT spacecraft cabin simulators training devices virtual reality cockpit weather information systems (added August 1996) DEF A cockpit display system that provides flight crews with a graphical display of interactive weather information, including surface observations, terminal forecasts, radar summaries, and lightning strike data. The system also provides weather trend information and has zooming capabilities that enable the user to see information for the entire nation or to focus on specific areas. GS information systems . cockpit weather information systems RT airborne equipment cockpits display devices flight conditions flight instruments meteorological parameters weather forecasting cockpits RT aircraft compartments cabin atmospheres # cabins canopies cockpit weather information systems ejection seats flying ejection seats fuselages pilot support systems pressurized cabins space capsules spacecraft cabin atmospheres spacecraft cabins windshields cockroaches UF Blattidae GS animals . invertebrates . . arthropods . . . insects . . . . cockroaches cocks UF stopcocks GS valves . cocks RT gas valves hydraulic equipment COD (cracks) USE crack opening displacement COD aircraft USE C-2 aircraft code division multiple access DEF Multiple access system in which users are segregated by means of pseudorandom signal coding and bandwidth spreading so that the complete time and frequency axes are occupied and only the power is shared. Used for CDMA. UF CDMA GS telecommunication . multiple access . . code division multiple access . radio communication . . radio relay systems . . . code division multiple access transmission . signal transmission . . data transmission . . . multiple access . . . . code division multiple access RT Aloha system frequency division multiple access multichannel communication multiplexing satellite networks switching wideband communication code division multiplexing DEF The separation of two or more simultaneous radio transmissions over a common path by signal coding and bandwidth spreading. GS transmission . multiplexing . . code division multiplexing RT data transmission demultiplexing frequency division multiple access radio communication radio transmission satellite transmission signal transmission telecommunication wavelength division multiplexing coders UF encoders RT analog to digital converters coding decoders programmers # codes SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT BCH codes binary codes biternary code coding color coding concatenated codes cryptography digits error correcting codes error detection codes Morse code Reed-Solomon codes standards symbols trellis coding coding UF encoding notation GS coding . decoding . redundancy encoding . signal encoding . . amplitude modulation . . . quadrature amplitude modulation . . frequency modulation . . . feedback frequency modulation . . . FM/PM (modulation) . . . frequency shift keying . . . pulse frequency modulation . . phase modulation . . . FM/PM (modulation) . . . phase shift keying . . . . binary phase shift keying . . . . quadrature phase shift keying . . pulse modulation . . . pulse amplitude modulation . . . pulse code modulation . . . . delta modulation . . . . differential pulse code modulation . . . pulse frequency modulation . . . pulse time modulation . . . . pulse duration modulation . . . . pulse position modulation . . trellis coding . Wiswesser notations RT abbreviations addressing alphabets analog to digital converters BCH codes coders # codes color coding computer programming computer programs concatenated codes cryptography data transmission dictionaries digital techniques error detection codes identifying information theory languages parity pulse compression Reed-Solomon codes symbolic programming symbols vector quantization Viterbi decoders coefficient of friction UF friction coefficient GS coefficients . coefficient of friction surface properties . coefficient of friction RT friction friction factor friction reduction kinetic friction sliding friction static friction wear resistance coefficients GS coefficients . accommodation coefficient . aerodynamic coefficients . attenuation coefficients . binomial coefficients . Clebsch-Gordan coefficients . coefficient of friction . coherence coefficient . correlation coefficients . coupling coefficients . diffusion coefficient . . Soret coefficient . flow coefficients . . discharge coefficient . heat transfer coefficients . hydrodynamic coefficients . influence coefficient . . structural influence coefficients . ionization coefficients . nozzle thrust coefficients . Onsager phenomenological coefficient . recombination coefficient . regression coefficients . scattering coefficients . virial coefficients . Wigner coefficient RT# constant constants mechanical properties optical properties polynomials Racah coefficient statistical analysis # weight coenzymes GS organic compounds . coenzymes . . adenosine diphosphate . . adenosine triphosphate . . cyclic AMP . . glutathione . . thiamine RT enzymes coercivity RT magnetic properties magnetization coesite DEF A polymorph of silicon dioxide. GS chalcogenides . oxides . . dioxides . . . silicon dioxide . . . . quartz . . . . coesite . . silicon oxides . . . silicon dioxide . . . . quartz . . . . coesite minerals . quartz . . coesite silicon compounds . silicon oxides . . silicon dioxide . . . quartz . . . . coesite RT Earth crust Earth mantle meteorites rutile stishovite stony meteorites tektites coffee GS farm crops . coffee RT beverages Coffin-Manson law DEF A relationship which enables one to estimate the fatigue life from the cyclic plastic strain range. The specific life for a given metal or alloy is determined by its tensile ductility. GS laws . Coffin-Manson law RT crack propagation fatigue life fatigue tests metal fatigue cogeneration DEF The generation of electricity or shaft power by an energy conversion system and the concurrent use of the rejected thermal energy from the conversion system as an auxiliary energy source. RT electric generators electric power plants energy conversion # generation heat generation # power plants solar energy conversion thermal energy waste energy utilization cognition RT artificial intelligence cognitive psychology decision making identifying IFF systems (identification) information processing (biology) knowledge representation perception cognitive psychology GS psychology . cognitive psychology RT cognition information processing (biology) intelligence mental performance COGO (programming language) UF coordinate geometry language GS languages . programming languages . . COGO (programming language) cohenite GS cobalt compounds . cohenite iron compounds . cohenite minerals . cohenite nickel compounds . cohenite # coherence SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT coherent radiation coherent scattering cohesion congruences elastic scattering intelligibility laser outputs lasers maser outputs phase coherence wave dispersion wave propagation coherence coefficient GS coefficients . coherence coefficient RT coherent radar coherent radiation # interference noise propagation phase coherence stochastic processes coherent acoustic radiation GS coherent radiation . coherent acoustic radiation elastic waves . coherent acoustic radiation RT# radiation ultrasonic radiation underwater acoustics coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy USE Raman spectroscopy coherent electromagnetic radiation GS coherent radiation . coherent electromagnetic radiation . . coherent light . . laser beams electromagnetic radiation . coherent electromagnetic radiation . . coherent light . . laser beams RT beams (radiation) holography infrared radiation interstellar masers ionizing radiation krypton fluoride lasers lasers light (visible radiation) masers modulated continuous radiation monochromatic radiation # radiation radio waves squeezed states (quantum theory) stimulated emission stimulated emission devices traveling wave masers ultraviolet radiation coherent light DEF Light in which the phase relationship between points in a beam remains constant throughout the beam. GS coherent radiation . coherent electromagnetic radiation . . coherent light electromagnetic radiation . coherent electromagnetic radiation . . coherent light . light (visible radiation) . . coherent light RT four-wave mixing gamma ray lasers HCN lasers holographic interferometry holography laser outputs lasers monochromatic radiation neodymium lasers optical computers optical memory (data storage) phase coherence plasmadynamic lasers rare gas-halide lasers scatter plates (optics) Shiva laser system speckle holography squeezed states (quantum theory) stimulated emission two-wavelength lasers ultraviolet lasers coherent radar DEF A type of radar that employs circuitry which permits comparison of the phase of successive received target signals. GS radar . coherent radar RT coherence coefficient continuous wave radar Doppler radar moving target indicators pulse Doppler radar pulse radar radar detection search radar surveillance radar tracking radar coherent radiation UF coherent sources coherent transmission GS coherent radiation . coherent acoustic radiation . coherent electromagnetic radiation . . coherent light . . laser beams RT beams (radiation) # coherence coherence coefficient continuous radiation corpuscular radiation elastic waves electromagnetic radiation light (visible radiation) optical properties # radiation # rays wave propagation coherent scattering DEF Scattering of photons or particles in which there are define phase relationships between the incoming and scattered waves. Ordinary scattering is coherent. With coherent scattering, interference occurs between the waves scattered by two or more scattering centers. The total intensity is the vector sum of the amplitudes of the various waves. GS scattering . coherent scattering RT# coherence Compton effect elastic scattering incoherent scattering inelastic scattering nuclear scattering coherent sources USE coherent radiation radiation sources coherent transmission USE coherent radiation cohesion DEF The mutual attraction by which elements of a substance are held together. RT agglutination bonding # coherence internal friction internal pressure plastic properties spreading cohomology USE homology COIL (lasers) USE chemical oxygen-iodine lasers # coils SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT electric coils inductors magnet coils magnetic coils springs (elastic) toroids wire COIN aircraft UF counterinsurgency aircraft LARA aircraft light armed reconnaissance aircraft GS attack aircraft . COIN aircraft . . F-5 aircraft . . OV-10 aircraft RT# aircraft light intratheater transport coincidence circuits DEF Circuits that produce a usable output only when each of two or more input circuits receive pulses simultaneously or within an assignable time interval. GS circuits . coincidence circuits RT anticoincidence detectors gates (circuits) radiation counters synchronism coining GS forming techniques . pressing (forming) . . coining metal working . coining RT cold pressing cold working dies forging hot isostatic pressing hot pressing sizing (shaping) stamping coke GS fuels . coke RT bitumens carbon charcoal coal lignite Coke aircraft USE AN-24 aircraft colchicine GS bases (chemical) . alkaloids . . colchicine nitrogen compounds . alkaloids . . colchicine organic compounds . cyclic compounds . . cyclic hydrocarbons . . . colchicine . . heterocyclic compounds . . . alkaloids . . . . colchicine . hydrocarbons . . cyclic hydrocarbons . . . colchicine cold acclimatization GS adaptation . acclimatization . . cold acclimatization RT heat acclimatization subzero temperature cold blooded animals USE poikilothermia Cold Bokkeveld meteorite GS celestial bodies . meteorites . . stony meteorites . . . carbonaceous meteorites . . . . carbonaceous chondrites . . . . . Cold Bokkeveld meteorite . . . chondrites . . . . carbonaceous chondrites . . . . . Cold Bokkeveld meteorite cold cathode tubes DEF Electron tubes containing cold cathodes. GS electron tubes . cold cathode tubes . . phototubes . . . photomultiplier tubes . . . . frequency modulation photomultipliers RT cathodes electrodes gas discharges # gas tubes tube cathodes tunnel cathodes cold cathodes DEF Cathodes that function without the application of heat. GS electrodes . cathodes . . tube cathodes . . . cold cathodes RT gas discharges tunnel cathodes cold drawing DEF Reducing the cross section (of wire) by pulling through a die or dies, at a temperature lower than the recrystallization temperature. RT deep drawing # drawing metal drawing cold flow tests SN (EXCLUDES MECHANICAL CREEP, TESTS) DEF Tests of liquid rockets without firing them to check or verify the efficiency of a propulsion subsystem, providing for the conditioning and flow of propellants (including tank pressurization, propellant loading, and propellant feeding). GS engine tests . cold flow tests ground tests . cold flow tests RT checkout feed systems plastic properties prelaunch tests propellant tests propulsion system performance rocket engine design static tests # tests cold forming USE cold working cold fronts GS fronts (meteorology) . cold fronts RT air masses # fronts meteorological parameters meteorology storms synoptic meteorology thunderstorms tornadoes warm fronts weather forecasting cold gas GS gases . cold gas RT attitude control gas jets jet thrust cold hardening SN (LIMITED TO HARDENING OF MATERIALS BY COOLING TO VERY LOW TEMPERATURES-- EXCLUDES PRECIPITATION HARDENING AT OR NEAR ROOM TEMPERATURE AND HARDENING VIA COLD WORKING) GS hardening (materials) . cold hardening RT brittleness hardness phase transformations precipitation hardening work hardening cold neutrons DEF Neutrons of less velocity than thermal neutrons; at 152 deg. C their energy is below 0.01 eV. GS particles . elementary particles . . fermions . . . neutrons . . . . cold neutrons . neutral particles . . neutrons . . . cold neutrons RT baryons cold plasmas UF low temperature plasmas GS particles . charged particles . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . cold plasmas . corpuscular radiation . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . cold plasmas RT collisionless plasmas rarefied plasmas cold pressing RT coining compacting hot isostatic pressing hot pressing metal working # pressing pressing (forming) upsetting cold rolling GS forming techniques . cold working . . cold rolling RT metal working cold strength GS mechanical properties . cold strength RT high temperature tests low temperature environments low temperature tests # strength cold surfaces UF cold walls RT cryogenic fluid storage # surfaces cold tolerance GS tolerances (physiology) . cold tolerance RT body temperature exposure frostbite heat tolerance homeostasis subzero temperature thermoregulation vasoconstriction cold traps GS traps . cold traps RT condensers (liquefiers) cryogenic temperature cryogenics cryotrapping freezing refrigerating vacuum apparatus vapor traps cold walls USE cold surfaces walls cold water GS water . cold water RT potable water cold weather GS weather . cold weather RT frost damage low temperature environments pressure ice snow cover subzero temperature weatherproofing winter cold weather tests GS environmental tests . cold weather tests RT high temperature tests low temperature tests # tests cold welding GS welding . pressure welding . . cold welding RT adhesion bonding high vacuum vacuum effects cold working DEF Deforming metal plasticity at a temperature lower than the recrystallization temperature. Used for cold forming. UF cold forming GS forming techniques . cold working . . cold rolling . . electrohydraulic forming . . explosive forming RT cladding coining deep drawing extruding forging # joining magnetic forming metal drawing metal spinning metal working peening roll forming shearing shot peening stamping stretch forming stretching swaging temper (metallurgy) upsetting winding Coleoptera GS animals . invertebrates . . arthropods . . . insects . . . . Coleoptera . . . . . beetles . . . . . tribolia . . . . . boll weevils colic GS diseases . colic RT gastrointestinal system intestines collagens RT bone mineral content connective tissue gelatins leather proteins skin (anatomy) collapse GS collapse . gravitational collapse RT buckling deformation failure structural failure collating RT binding compilers correlation insertion position (location) positioning collection RT accumulations acquisition assembling input lumping museums # receiving sampling selection stockpiling collectors USE accumulators colleges USE universities collimation GS collimation . beamforming RT adjusting alignment beam steering directivity four-wave mixing microbeams # orientation polarization (waves) collimators DEF Optical devices which render rays of light parallel. Used for autocollimators. UF autocollimators GS optical equipment . collimators RT beam waveguides mirrors optical measurement collinearity GS analysis (mathematics) . calculus . . vector analysis . . . collinearity . real variables . . vector analysis . . . collinearity geometry . vector analysis . . collinearity linearity . collinearity collision avoidance UF collision warning devices GS avoidance . collision avoidance . . Beacon Collision Avoidance System RT air navigation air traffic air traffic control aircraft approach spacing aircraft guidance aircraft safety airspace approach control automatic traffic advisory and resolution collisions flight paths flight rules flight safety midair collisions National Airspace Utilization System radar radar navigation radio navigation threat evaluation traffic control visual flight warning warning systems collision parameters DEF In orbit computation, the distances between centers of attraction of central force fields and the extension of velocity vectors of moving objects at great distances from the centers. In gas dynamics and atomic physics, any of several parameters such as cross section, collision rate, mean free path, etc., which provide a measure of the probability of collision. GS collision parameters . collision rates RT# absorption beam interactions # cross sections mean free path nuclear interactions particle interactions particle theory scattering collision rates DEF Ratios defined by the average number of collisions per second suffered by a molecule or other particle moving through a gas. GS collision parameters . collision rates rates (per time) . collision rates collision warning devices USE collision avoidance warning systems collisional plasmas GS particles . charged particles . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . collisional plasmas . . . . . strongly coupled plasmas . corpuscular radiation . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . collisional plasmas . . . . . strongly coupled plasmas RT electron runaway (plasma physics) high temperature plasmas nuclear fusion plasma conductivity plasma density plasma waves collisionless plasmas GS particles . charged particles . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . collisionless plasmas . corpuscular radiation . . energetic particles . . . plasmas (physics) . . . . collisionless plasmas RT cold plasmas ionic waves Kelvin-Helmholtz instability low density research magnetic islands rarefied plasmas collisions GS collisions . atomic collisions . cometary collisions . Coulomb collisions . inelastic collisions . ionic collisions . meteorite collisions . midair collisions . . bird-aircraft collisions . asteroid collisions . molecular collisions . particle collisions RT air bag restraint devices air traffic control aircraft accidents aircraft hazards aircraft safety collision avoidance crashes flight hazards flight paths gas atomization impact velocity pilot error recoilings scattering collocation RT assemblies # assembly congruences position (location) positioning colloidal generators RT atomizing dispersions # generators plasma diffusion plasma generators sprayers vaporizers colloidal propellants UF cordite GS mixtures . dispersions . . colloids . . . colloidal propellants propellants . colloidal propellants RT gelled propellants slurry propellants solid propellants solid suspensions colloidal suspensions USE colloids colloiding UF lyophilization GS mixing . colloiding RT agitation atomizing colloids comminution compounding dispersing flocculating gelation homogenizing precipitation (chemistry) suspending (mixing) colloids UF colloidal suspensions lyophils GS mixtures . dispersions . . colloids . . . aerosols . . . . fog . . . colloidal propellants RT Brownian movements clays colloiding electrodialysis electrophoresis emulsions foams gels homeostasis micelles nonNewtonian fluids particles plastisols # separation Colombia GS nations . Colombia RT Llanos Orientales (Colombia) Magdalena-Cauca Valley (Colombia) South America colonies RT bacteria bacteriology color UF coloration GS electromagnetic properties . optical properties . . color . . . iridescence . . . stellar color . . . water color RT brightness chromophores colorimetry contrast darkness dichroism discoloration electrochromism fading human factors engineering incandescence isochromatics light (visible radiation) perception phototropism # physical properties prewhitening spectra surface properties symbols thermochromatic materials vegetative index visibility vision wave dispersion color (particle physics) USE quantum chromodynamics color centers UF F centers RT# centers Franck-Condon principle color coding DEF Any system of colors used for purposes of identification. Used for color enhancement. UF color enhancement RT# codes coding color enhancement USE color coding color infrared photography DEF A representation of temperature differences using false colors. GS imagery . photography . . multispectral photography . . . infrared photography . . . . color infrared photography RT color photography infrared imagery color perception USE color vision color photography GS imagery . photography . . color photography RT aerial photography black and white photography cinematography color infrared photography orthophotography photochromism photomapping shadowgraph photography stereophotography ultraviolet photography underwater photography color television GS telecommunication . color television television systems . color television RT closed circuit television communicating communication equipment educational television satellite television spacecraft television stereotelevision television reception television transmission color vision UF color perception GS vision . color vision RT eye (anatomy) Young-Helmholtz theory Colorado GS nations . United States . . Colorado RT Colorado Plateau (US) Colorado River (North America) Manitou (CO) Pike's Peak (CO) San Juan Mountains (CO) Colorado Plateau (US) GS land . Colorado Plateau (US) landforms . terraces (landforms) . . plateaus . . . Colorado Plateau (US) RT Arizona Colorado highlands New Mexico Utah Colorado River (North America) GS rivers . Colorado River (North America) RT Arizona Colorado Mexico Utah coloration USE color color-color diagram DEF A two-axis coordinate graph showing the distribution of stars or other objects with reference to different color indices. GS diagrams . color-color diagram RT color-magnitude diagram Hertzsprung-Russell diagram stellar color stellar spectra stellar spectrophotometry UBV spectra colorimetry GS optical measurement . colorimetry RT chemical analysis chromatography Coastal Zone Color Scanner color electrophotometry liquid chromatography ocean color scanner optical measuring instruments photometry spectrophotometry spectroscopy thermochromatic materials color-magnitude diagram DEF The plot of the absolute or apparent magnitude against the color index for a group of stars. Also known as C-M diagram. Used for C-M diagram. UF C-M diagram GS diagrams . color-magnitude diagram RT asymptotic giant branch stars color-color diagram globular clusters Hertzsprung-Russell diagram horizontal branch stars main sequence stars star clusters stellar color stellar evolution stellar magnitude cols USE gaps (geology) Columbia (Orbiter) UF Space Shuttle Orbiter 102 GS manned spacecraft . space shuttles . . Space Shuttle orbiters . . . Columbia (Orbiter) reentry vehicles . recoverable spacecraft . . reusable spacecraft . . . space shuttles . . . . Space Shuttle orbiters . . . . Columbia (Orbiter) RT manned space flight Space Shuttle mission 31-A Space Shuttle mission 41-A Space Shuttle mission 61-A Space Shuttle mission 61-C Space Shuttle mission 61-E # spacecraft Columbia River Basin (ID-OR-WA) GS landforms . structural basins . . river basins . . . Columbia River Basin (ID-OR-WA) RT Idaho Oregon rivers Washington columbium USE niobium Columbus space station DEF The European Space Agency's manned orbital platform. GS artificial satellites . space stations . . Columbus space station ESA spacecraft . Columbus space station manned spacecraft . Columbus space station space platforms . Columbus space station stations . space stations . . Columbus space station RT AEPS Automated Transfer Vehicle bioastronautics ferry spacecraft International Space Station intraorbit transfer vehicles large space structures man tended free flyers manned orbital laboratories military spacecraft orbital servicing rendezvous spacecraft shape control space shuttles Space Station Freedom space station polar platforms # columns SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT columns (process engineering) columns (supports) columns (process engineering) RT absorbers (equipment) chemical reactors # columns concentrators condensers (liquefiers) contactors contractors dehydration dehydrogenation distillation equipment drying apparatus extraction scrubbers separators vaporizers columns (supports) GS structural members . columns (supports) . . tapered columns RT beams (supports) # columns pylon mounting pylons struts studs (structural members) Timoshenko beams towers # coma SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT aberration blackout (physiology) blackout prevention comet heads comet nuclei comet tails cometary atmospheres comets Grigg-Skjellerup comet Kohoutek comet screen effect Tempel 2 comet unconsciousness combat GS military operations . combat warfare . combat RT aircraft survivability B-1 aircraft electronic warfare # combination SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT admixtures consolidation mixtures permutations combinations (mathematics) GS analysis (mathematics) . combinatorial analysis . . combinations (mathematics) RT partitions (mathematics) permutations combinatorial analysis GS analysis (mathematics) . combinatorial analysis . . binomial coefficients . . combinations (mathematics) . . factorials . . partitions (mathematics) . . permutations RT# analyzing # applications of mathematics graph theory information theory number theory probability theory set theory combined cycle power generation DEF Power generation which combines an open-cycle gas turbine and a closed-cycle steam turbine. RT electric generators electric power plants energy technology gas turbines steam turbines Combined Release and Radiation Effects Sat USE CRRES (satellite) combined stress GS stresses . combined stress RT fatigue life stress analysis stress concentration stress intensity factors combustibility USE flammability combustible flow GS fluid flow . reacting flow . . combustible flow RT boundary layer combustion combustion physics combustion products detonation waves dump combustors flame propagation fuel flow turbulent combustion turbulent flames turbulent flow combustion DEF A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light either as a glow or flames. Some oxidation such as that of hydrogen emits radiation outside the visible spectrum. Used for burning and burning process. UF burning burning process GS combustion . afterburning . boundary layer combustion . deflagration . erosive burning . fuel combustion . . nuclear fuel burnup . hydrocarbon combustion . hypersonic combustion . metal combustion . propellant combustion . . solid propellant combustion . . . solid propellant ignition . biomass burning . smoldering . spontaneous combustion . supersonic combustion . turbulent combustion RT backfire burning rate burning time burnout charring chemical explosions combustion chambers combustion chemistry combustion control combustion efficiency combustion physics combustion products combustion stability combustion synthesis combustion temperature combustion vibration detonation diffusion flames exothermic reactions explosions extinguishing fire damage firebreaks fires flame propagation flameout flames flammability flashback forest fires heat balance heat generation ignition ignition limits incendiary ammunition internal combustion engines oxidation # physics quenching (cooling) spark ignition supersonic combustion ramjet engines combustion chambers DEF Containers in which the actual burning of fuel takes place. Used for combustors. UF combustors GS combustion chambers . dump combustors RT burners # chambers combustion engine parts engines flame holders flameout furnaces internal combustion engines jet engines pistons refractories spark plugs thrust chambers combustion chemistry DEF The study of the exothermic oxidation reactions occurring immediately before and during combustion. GS thermochemistry . combustion chemistry RT chain reactions (chemistry) chemical engineering chemical reactions # chemistry combustion combustion physics combustion products combustion stability combustion synthesis exothermic reactions flame temperature oxidation reacting flow reaction kinetics combustion control DEF Control of factors (temperature, preheating, draft, excess or deficient air, etc.) which affects combustion efficiency. RT automatic control burning rate combustion # control engine control fuel control temperature control combustion efficiency DEF The efficiency with which fuel is burned, expressed as the ratio of the actual energy released by the combustion to the potential chemical energy of the fuel. GS efficiency . combustion efficiency RT ACEE program burning rate burning time combustion dump combustors exhaust gases fuel combustion fuel consumption fuel-air ratio power efficiency propellant combustion propellant consumption propulsion system performance propulsive efficiency thermodynamic efficiency combustion heat USE heat of combustion combustion instability USE combustion stability combustion physics GS thermodynamics . combustion physics RT aerothermodynamics combustible flow combustion combustion chemistry Damkohler number flame propagation heat of combustion ignition # physics plasmas (physics) reaction-diffusion equations # science thermochemistry turbulent combustion combustion products GS products . reaction products . . combustion products RT air pollution ashes biomass burning combustible flow combustion combustion chemistry diluents dust exhaust gases flue gases fly ash high temperature gases odors particulates pollution transport polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons rocket exhaust smog smoke soot vapors wastes combustion stability UF acoustic combustion chugging combustion instability GS dynamic characteristics . dynamic stability . . combustion stability . . . flame stability stability . dynamic stability . . combustion stability . . . flame stability RT axial modes burning rate combustion combustion chemistry fuel combustion motion stability pressure oscillations propellant combustion smoldering solid propellant combustion thermal instability thermoacoustic effects turbulent combustion velocity coupling combustion synthesis (added April 1993) RT annealing cermets combustion combustion chemistry exothermic reactions functionally gradient materials powder metallurgy sintering combustion temperature GS temperature . combustion temperature RT combustion erosive burning flame temperature flash point ignition temperature operating temperature spontaneous combustion combustion vibration GS vibration . combustion vibration RT combustion elastic waves structural stability combustion waves USE flame propagation combustion wind tunnels GS test facilities . wind tunnels . . combustion wind tunnels RT hypersonic wind tunnels hypervelocity wind tunnels combustors USE combustion chambers Comet 4 aircraft UF de Havilland DH 106 aircraft DH 106 aircraft GS commercial aircraft . Comet 4 aircraft de Havilland aircraft . Comet 4 aircraft Hawker Siddeley aircraft . Comet 4 aircraft jet aircraft . Comet 4 aircraft monoplanes . Comet 4 aircraft passenger aircraft . Comet 4 aircraft RT# aircraft comet heads GS celestial bodies . comet heads RT# coma cometary atmospheres solar system comet nuclei GS celestial bodies . comet nuclei RT# coma Comet Nucleus Tour cometary atmospheres Oort cloud Rosetta mission solar system Stardust Mission Comet Nucleus Tour (added February 1999) DEF A NASA Discovery-class mission to acquire imagery and comparative spectral maps of comet nuclei and analyze comet dust flows. The mission spacecraft will fly to within 100 kilometers of at least three near-Earth comets including Comet Encke, Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann, and Comet d'Arrest. UF CONTOUR (mission) GS space missions . flyby missions . . Comet Nucleus Tour RT comet nuclei Encke comet Schwassmann-Wachmann comet swingby technique Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby Mission (added November 1988) UF CRAF mission GS space missions . asteroid missions . . Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby Mission . flyby missions . . Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby Mission RT Mariner Mark 2 Spacecraft # missions NASA space programs Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Mission Rosetta mission comet tails GS celestial bodies . comet tails RT# coma cometary atmospheres Grigg-Skjellerup comet radiation pressure solar system solar wind cometary atmospheres DEF The region of the coma of a comet as well as the gaseous part surrounding the coma that often is a hydrogen atmosphere that contains particulate matter. RT astronomical photometry # atmospheres # coma comet heads comet nuclei comet tails cometary magnetospheres comets ionopause cometary collisions (added June 1994) GS collisions . cometary collisions RT asteroid collisions craters Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary hypervelocity impact meteorite collisions near Earth objects shatter cones Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet cometary magnetospheres (added September 1988) RT cometary atmospheres comets # magnetospheres comets DEF Luminous members of the solar system composed of a head, or coma, and often with a spectacular gaseous tail extending a great distance from the head. GS celestial bodies . comets . . Arend-Roland comet . . Austin comet . . Brorsen-Metcalf comet . . Encke comet . . Giacobini-Zinner comet . . Grigg-Skjellerup comet . . Hale-Bopp comet . . Halley's comet . . Humason comet . . IRAS-Araki-Alcock comet . . Kohoutek comet . . Morehouse comet . . Mrkos comet . . Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko comet . . Schwassmann-Wachmann comet . . Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet . . Tempel 2 comet . . West comet . . Wild 2 comet RT Bessel-Bredichin theory # coma cometary atmospheres cometary magnetospheres hypothetical planets Kuiper belt meteorite parent bodies meteoroid showers meteoroids near Earth objects Oort cloud solar system comfort RT acoustics air conditioning efficiency environmental engineering glare human factors engineering humidity illuminating # performance physiological effects psychological effects reward (psychology) riding quality seats temperature ventilation command and control UF command-control RT# automation autonomy AWACS aircraft # commands # control decision making E-2 aircraft E-3A aircraft E-4A aircraft ground support equipment logistics management surveillance targets command guidance DEF The guidance of a spacecraft or rocket by means of electronic signals sent to receiving devices in the vehicle. Used for command systems. UF command systems GS guidance (motion) . command guidance RT# commands ground support equipment injection guidance midcourse guidance rendezvous guidance rendezvous spacecraft spacecraft guidance terminal guidance command languages DEF Vocabularies to interactively execute activities such as computer retrieval or input. GS languages . command languages . . query languages RT human-computer interface information retrieval command modules GS compartments . command modules modules . spacecraft modules . . command modules spacecraft components . spacecraft modules . . command modules RT Apollo spacecraft # commands Marquardt R4D engine service modules spacecraft docking modules spacecrew transfer command service modules UF CSM GS modules . spacecraft modules . . command service modules spacecraft components . spacecraft modules . . command service modules RT Apollo project lunar orbits manned spacecraft Skylab 1 Skylab 2 Skylab 3 Skylab 4 spacecraft docking modules command systems USE command guidance command-control USE command and control Commando aircraft USE C-46 aircraft # commands SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT autonomy command and control command guidance command modules decisions commerce GS commerce . electronic commerce RT commercial spacecraft consumption costs economic development finance gross national product industrial areas industries # investment liabilities losses manufacturing market research marketing PERT product development project management risk supplying commerce lab RT government/industry relations # microgravity applications mission planning space commercialization Space Shuttle payloads user requirements commercial aircraft UF commercial aviation GS commercial aircraft . Boeing 707 aircraft . Boeing 720 aircraft . Boeing 727 aircraft . Boeing 733 aircraft . Boeing 737 aircraft . Boeing 747 aircraft . Boeing 757 aircraft . Boeing 767 aircraft . Boeing 777 aircraft . Comet 4 aircraft . CV-340 aircraft . CV-440 aircraft . CV-880 aircraft . CV-990 aircraft . DC 3 aircraft . DC 7 aircraft . DC 8 aircraft . DC 9 aircraft . DC 10 aircraft . DH 121 aircraft . DO-328 aircraft . Electra aircraft . European Airbus . . A-300 aircraft . . A-310 aircraft . . A-320 aircraft . . A-330 aircraft . . A-340 aircraft . F-28 transport aircraft . IL-62 aircraft . Jetstream aircraft . L-1011 aircraft . Lear jet aircraft . light transport aircraft . MD 11 aircraft . MD 80 aircraft . P-160 aircraft . SE-210 aircraft . supersonic commercial air transport . . Boeing 2707 aircraft . . TU-144 aircraft . Boeing 717 aircraft . TU-104 aircraft . TU-124 aircraft . TU-134 aircraft . TU-154 aircraft . TU-204 aircraft . VC-10 aircraft RT air transportation # aircraft airline operations cargo aircraft civil aviation commuter aircraft EH-101 helicopter general aviation aircraft ground effect machines jet aircraft passenger aircraft rotary wing aircraft supersonic transports transport aircraft utility aircraft V/STOL aircraft water takeoff and landing aircraft commercial aviation USE civil aviation commercial aircraft commercial energy RT allocations distributing domestic energy economic factors # energy energy consumption energy conversion industrial energy transportation energy commercial off-the-shelf products (added March 2001) DEF Readily-available, commercially-developed products; often referring to commercial products that can be used as an alternative to in-house or customized product development. UF COTS products GS products . commercial off-the-shelf products RT commercialization cost effectiveness government procurement procurement management product development commercial spacecraft DEF Commercial satellites and other spacecraft operated by the private sector. GS commercial spacecraft . RCA Satcom satellites RT aerospace industry aerospace vehicles commerce communication satellites industries space commercialization space industrialization space manufacturing space processing VentureStar launch vehicle commercialization (added March 1997) GS commercialization . space commercialization RT commercial off-the-shelf products government/industry relations marketing product development technology transfer comminution UF attrition (materials) GS comminution . crushing . grinding (comminution) . shredding RT atomizing beneficiation chipping colloiding crushers cutting disintegration flaking fragmentation gas atomization grinding mills metal powder # milling particle production powder metallurgy # reduction Committee on Space Research UF COSPAR (committee) RT# aerospace sciences conferences European space programs international cooperation NASA programs programs commodities RT government procurement manufacturing market research procurement management products Common Business Oriented Language USE Cobol commonality DEF The factors which are common in equipment or systems. GS standardization . commonality RT aircraft equipment cost reduction efficiency equipment specifications ground support systems interoperability spacecraft components specifications Commonwealth of Independent States (added September 1993) UF CIS RT Asia Europe nations Russian Space Program communicating GS communicating . aircraft communication . electrocutaneous communication . ground-air-ground communication . information dissemination . . messages . . selective dissemination of information . interstellar communication . lip reading . point to point communication . . NASCOM network . underground communication . verbal communication . . conversation RT color television computer conferencing crosstalk education frequency assignment information information flow information management message processing Morse code stereotelevision systems engineering TDR satellites technology transfer telecommunication communication GS telecommunication . communication . . facsimile communication . . . automatic picture transmission . . line of sight communication . . optical communication . . . free-space optical communication . . ship to shore communication . . underwater communication . . voice communication . . . telephony . . quantum communication RT computer conferencing information information flow information management Marisat satellites message processing spread spectrum transmission technology transfer communication cables GS transmission lines . communication cables . . coaxial cables RT cable television # cables electric wire optical fibers submarine cables waveguides communication equipment GS communication equipment . Advanced Vidicon Camera System (AVCS) . closed circuit television . diplexers . interphones . PLAT system . radio receivers . . superheterodyne receivers . . transmitter receivers . . whistler recorders . spacecraft television . . digital spacecraft television . . Ranger block 3 television system . . satellite television . stereotelevision RT antenna components biotelemetry color television Earth terminals educational television # equipment furlable antennas high definition television inertialess steerable antennas information adaptive system logarithmic receivers matched filters orbiting dipoles P.A.C.M. telemetry pulse frequency modulation pulse frequency modulation telemetry radio communication radio equipment radio relay systems radio telegraphy radio telemetry spherical antennas telemetry telephony television systems unified S band communication networks DEF Organization of facilities for the rapid reception of, transmission of, and/or relaying of electrical impulses for reproduction as printed messages, pictures, or other data. GS networks . communication networks . . Aloha system . . Deep Space Network . . internets . . . ARPA computer network . . . World Wide Web . . Iridium network . . local area networks . . NASCOM network . . VSAT (network) . . wide area networks RT access control asynchronous transfer mode broadcasting carrier sense multiple access data links defense communications system (DCS) demand assignment multiple access electronic bulletin boards electronic mail frequency division multiplexing network control packet switching packets (communication) protocol (computers) pulse communication radio communication satellite constellations satellite networks telecommunication video conferencing communication satellites DEF Satellites designed to reflect or relay electromagnetic signals used for communication. UF Iridium satellites GS artificial satellites . communication satellites . . ACTS . . aeronautical satellites . . . Aerosat satellites . . Arcomsat . . Communications Technology Satellite . . . ComStar C . . . NATO 3B satellite . . ComStar satellites . . direct broadcast satellites . . European Communications Satellite . . Intelsat satellites . . low frequency transionospheric satellites . . L-Sat . . Marecs maritime satellites . . Marots (ESA) . . Molniya satellites . . MSAT . . Palapa satellites . . . Palapa 2 satellite . . Raduga satellite . . RCA Satcom satellites . . Relay satellites . . . Relay 1 satellite . . . Relay 2 satellite . . Symphonie satellites . . SYNCOM satellites . . . Early Bird satellites . . . SYNCOM 1 satellite . . . SYNCOM 2 satellite . . . SYNCOM 3 satellite . . . SYNCOM 4 satellite . . TDR satellites . . Westar satellites RT Advent Project ATS carrier to noise ratios commercial spacecraft Comsat program Defense Communications Satellite System demand assignment multiple access domestic satellite communications systems downlinking Earth terminal measurement system Echo project electronic mail Fleet Satellite Communication System geophysical satellites ground-air-ground communication HET experiment Indian space program INMARSAT satellites Iridium network land mobile satellite service mobile communication systems network control orbit spectrum utilization passive satellites radio relay systems satellite communication satellite constellations satellite networks Skynet satellites space commercialization space communication Synchronous Communications Satellite Proj Synchronous Meteorological Satellite synchronous platforms synchronous satellites telecommunication teleconferencing Telstar project unmanned spacecraft uplinking wireless communication communication systems USE telecommunication communication theory UF statistical communication theory RT cross coupling cybernetics data transmission high level languages information theory intelligibility languages lattices (mathematics) messages network synthesis quantum communication random noise random processes redundancy semantics sentences signal to noise ratios switching theory # theories Communications Technology Satellite UF Hermes satellite GS artificial satellites . communication satellites . . Communications Technology Satellite . . . ComStar C . . . NATO 3B satellite RT Canada Canadian space program international cooperation NASA programs synchronous satellites technology assessment technology utilization communities GS communities . inhabitants . . mountain inhabitants . space colonies RT cities demography ethnic factors integrated energy systems megalopolises minorities Modular Integrated Utility System nations police politics regimes sociology Starsite program United Nations urban development urban planning urban research commutation DEF Sequential sampling, on a repetitive timesharing basis, of multiple data sources for transmitting or recording, or both, on a single channel. RT commutators interpolation switching theory commutators DEF Devices used to accomplish time division multiplexing by repetitive sequential switching. GS commutators . decommutators RT armatures commutation distributors electric contacts electric motors # rotating electrical machines rotating generators commuter aircraft (added October 1988) GS passenger aircraft . commuter aircraft . . ATR-72 aircraft RT air transportation # aircraft commercial aircraft general aviation aircraft compact disk read-only memory devices USE optical disks compact galaxies (added November 1988) GS celestial bodies . galaxies . . compact galaxies RT galactic structure compacting RT agglomeration cold pressing densification hot isostatic pressing hot pressing powder metallurgy presses # pressing pressing (forming) vibration compactness USE void ratio companding DEF A process in which compression is followed by expansion, as in noise reduction systems. RT frequency modulation modulation radio transmission signal processing signal to noise ratios companion stars GS celestial bodies . stars . . double stars . . . binary stars . . . . companion stars . . . . . Nemesis (star) RT brown dwarf stars parallax stellar motions triple stars variable stars x ray binaries comparator circuits GS circuits . comparator circuits RT clipper circuits delay circuits discrimination time discrimination comparators DEF In computer operations, devices or circuits for comparing information from two sources. GS measuring instruments . comparators RT anticoincidence detectors discriminators error signals harmonic generators monochromators reflectometers comparison RT analogies cost analysis economic analysis estimates evaluation examination intercalibration matching pattern registration ranking compartmentation USE compartments compartments UF compartmentation GS compartments . air locks . . airlock modules . aircraft compartments . command modules . pressurized cabins . spacecraft cabins . test chambers . . anechoic chambers . . pressure chambers . . . hyperbaric chambers . . . vacuum chambers . . reverberation chambers RT bays (structural units) # cells crew experiment stations crew observation stations crew workstations enclosures modules rooms space station modules spacecraft modules COMPASS (programming language) GS languages . programming languages . . Assembly language . . . COMPASS (programming language) RT compilers computer programming compasses DEF Instruments for indicating a horizontal reference direction, specifically, magnetic compasses. GS measuring instruments . indicating instruments . . compasses . . . gyrocompasses . . . magnetic compasses . . . solar compasses navigation aids . navigation instruments . . compasses . . . gyrocompasses . . . magnetic compasses . . . solar compasses RT aircraft instruments beacons buoys flight instruments radar beacons radio direction finders transits compatibility DEF A characteristic ascribed to a major subsystem that indicates it functions well in the overall system. Also applied to the overall system with reference to how well its various subsystems work together, as in 'the vehicle has good compatibility.' Also applied to materials which can be used in conjunction with other materials and not react with each other under normal operating conditions. GS compatibility . biocompatibility . chemical compatibility . electromagnetic compatibility . systems compatibility RT acceptability affinity conventions permissivity stability suitability versatility # compensation SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT allowances errors image motion compensation instrument compensation temperature compensation transient response compensators RT balance bias compulsators error signals feedback loop transfer recovery video equipment compensatory tracking GS tracking (position) . compensatory tracking RT infrared tracking optical tracking radar tracking competition RT athletes human performance human reactions physical fitness compilation (computers) USE compilers compiler programs USE compilers compilers SN (PROGRAM-MAKING ROUTINES FOR DIGITAL COMPUTERS) UF compilation (computers) compiler programs GS computer programs . compilers RT assembler routines autocoders C (programming language) collating COMPASS (programming language) computer program integrity computer systems programs data conversion routines disk operating system (DOS) FORTRAN operating systems (computers) parsing algorithms Pascal (programming language) PL/1 programmed instruction subroutines # complement SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF An angle equal to 90 deg. minus a given angle. The true complement of any quantity in positional notation, i.e. the quantity which, when added to the first quantity, gives the least quantity containing one more place. The base-minus-one complement of any quantity in positional notation; i.e., the quantity which when added to the first quantity containing the same number of places. RT complement (biology) complements (mathematics) personnel complement (biology) RT# biology # complement hemolysis complementary metal oxide semiconductors USE CMOS complements (mathematics) RT angles (geometry) # complement # logic completeness RT achievement computer program integrity integrity complex compounds DEF Chemical compounds in which part of the molecular bonding is of the coordinate type. RT# chemical compounds molecular structure transition metals complex numbers RT geometry integers # numbers real numbers complex systems RT parameter identification reliability engineering system identification # systems systems analysis complex variables GS analysis (mathematics) . complex variables . . Airy function . . analytic functions . . . entire functions . . Bessel functions . . . Hankel functions . . Cauchy integral formula . . conformal mapping . . conjugates . . . conjugate points . . exponential functions . . . logarithms . . gamma function . . harmonic functions . . hyperbolic functions . . hypergeometric functions . . Laguerre functions . . Legendre functions . . Liouville theorem . . Mathieu function . . meromorphic functions . . . elliptic functions . . . rational functions . . nonholonomic equations . . orthogonal functions . . . Walsh function . . Schwarz-Christoffel transformation . . singularity (mathematics) . . . naked singularities . . spherical harmonics RT aperiodic functions complexity dependent variables Euler-Cauchy equations functional analysis Joukowski transformation maximum principle real variables Schauder fixpoint theorem stability derivatives Theodorsen transformation uniqueness theorem # variable complexity UF complication GS complexity . task complexity RT complex variables feedback # performance statistical distributions compliance (elasticity) USE modulus of elasticity complication USE complexity component reliability GS reliability . component reliability RT aircraft reliability circuit reliability cumulative damage process control (industry) quality control retirement for cause spacecraft reliability structural reliability systems health monitoring # components SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF An article which is a self-contained element of a complete operating unit and performs a function necessary to the operation of that unit. Used for parts. UF parts RT accessories antenna components assemblies computer components content engine parts fractions ingredients missile components modules redundant components segments spacecraft components spare parts structural members subassemblies composite functions GS analysis (mathematics) . real variables . . composite functions functions (mathematics) . composite functions composite materials DEF Structural materials of metals, ceramics, or plastics with built-in strengthening agents which may be in the form of filiments, foils, powders, or flakes of a different compatible material. Used for composites and pyrographalloy. UF composites pyrographalloy GS composite materials . Boral . boron reinforced materials . . aluminum boron composites . . boron-epoxy composites . carbon-carbon composites . ceramic matrix composites . cermets . composite propellants . fiber composites . . aramid fiber composites . . braided composites . . carbon fiber reinforced plastics . . . carbon-phenolic composites . . glass fiber reinforced plastics . . woven composites . functionally gradient materials . glassy carbon . hybrid composites . metal matrix composites . . aluminum boron composites . . aluminum graphite composites . . Borsic (tradename) . . eutectic composites . particulate reinforced composites . plywood . polymer matrix composites . . epoxy matrix composites . . . boron-epoxy composites . . . graphite-epoxy composites . . graphite-polyimide composites . . reinforced plastics . . . carbon fiber reinforced plastics . . . carbon-phenolic composites . . . glass fiber reinforced plastics . . . micarta . resin matrix composites . . boron-epoxy composites . . carbon-phenolic composites . . graphite-epoxy composites . superhybrid materials . . graphite-epoxy composites . nanocomposites . three dimensional composites . whisker composites RT aircraft construction materials airframe materials aramid fibers bimetals boron fibers carbon fibers chemical vapor infiltration cladding coatings # construction materials E glass fiber orientation fiber pullout fiber pushout fiber volume fraction fiber-matrix interfaces fibers insulation interlaminar stress laminates lay-up low density research # materials # matrices matrix materials metals micromechanics mixtures modular ratios monotectic alloys multilayer insulation ply orientation powder metallurgy preforms prepregs reinforcement (structures) reinforcing fibers reinforcing materials resin film infusion resin transfer molding rigid structures # rovings S glass sandwich structures sheet molding compounds smart materials solid suspensions spiral wrapping stacking sequence (composite materials) thermosetting resins composite propellants DEF Solid rocket propellants consisting of a fuel and an oxidizer neither of which would burn without the presence of the other. GS composite materials . composite propellants propellants . solid propellants . . composite propellants RT case bonded propellants double base propellants double base rocket propellants explosives fuel production plastic propellants plastisols polysulfides polyurethane resins propellant additives propellant binders solid rocket propellants composite structures GS composite structures . laminates . . Boral . . plywood RT boron-epoxy composites ceramic matrix composites clamped structures functionally gradient materials glass fiber reinforced plastics honeycomb cores honeycomb structures hybrid structures lay-up pultrusion resin film infusion sheet molding compounds smart structures steel structures # structures composite wrapping RT ceramic fibers fiber composites filament winding isotensoid structures spiral wrapping # wrap composites USE composite materials # composition SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT composition (property) content formulations ingredients stoichiometry composition (property) GS composition (property) . atmospheric composition . . atmospheric moisture . . ionospheric composition . body composition (biology) . chemical composition . . carbon dioxide concentration . . stellar composition . concentration (composition) . . atom concentration . . carbon dioxide concentration . . fiber volume fraction . . low concentrations . . mascons . . meteoroid concentration . . moisture content . . . atmospheric moisture . gas composition . . carbon dioxide concentration . isotope ratios . lunar composition . meteoritic composition . planetary composition . plasma composition RT# composition gradients Henry law lumping mixtures Raoult law solutions stoichiometry composting GS disposal . waste disposal . . composting management . waste management . . waste disposal . . . composting RT garbage metabolic wastes shredding solid wastes waste treatment waste utilization compound A GS halogen compounds . fluorine compounds . . fluorides . . . compound A . halides . . fluorides . . . compound A RT# chemical compounds compound helicopters GS V/STOL aircraft . rotary wing aircraft . . helicopters . . . compound helicopters . . . . S-67 helicopter RT aeronautical engineering air transportation # aircraft aircraft configurations aircraft design helicopter design short takeoff aircraft vertical takeoff aircraft compounding UF milling (mixing) GS mixing . compounding RT colloiding dissolving grinding (comminution) homogenizing # milling # compounds SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT# chemical compounds potting compounds compressed air GS gases . gas mixtures . . air . . . compressed air mixtures . solutions . . gas mixtures . . . air . . . . compressed air RT compressors drills energy storage man operated propulsion systems oxygen supply equipment pneumatic equipment # pumping compressed gas DEF Any gaseous materials or mixtures having a container pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70 degrees F, or 104 psi at 130 degrees F. Compressed gases are further defined as flammable or nonflammable. GS gases . compressed gas . . high pressure oxygen RT compressors gas pressure pneumatic control compressed video USE video compression compressibility DEF The property of a substance, as air, by virtue of which its density increases with increase in pressure. GS mechanical properties . compressibility RT bulk modulus compressible flow compressive strength density (mass/volume) equations of state Gruneisen constant hydroelasticity incompressibility metal powder porosity powder (particles) compressibility effects RT buffeting compressible flow # effects flutter heat transfer oscillating flow pressure effects relaxation (physiology) secondary flow supersonic flow transonic flow compressible boundary layer GS boundary layers . compressible boundary layer RT laminar boundary layer three dimensional boundary layer turbulent boundary layer compressible flow DEF In aerodynamics, flow at speeds sufficiently high that density changes in the fluid cannot be neglected. GS fluid flow . compressible flow . . Ringleb flow . . transonic flow RT aerodynamics air flow Cartan space compressibility compressibility effects Crocco method gas flow Hugoniot equation of state hypersonic flow incompressible flow magnetohydrodynamic flow Newton pressure law stagnation flow stagnation pressure stagnation temperature subsonic flow supersonic flow compressible fluids RT aerodynamic heating Crocco method fluid power # fluids hydroelasticity ideal fluids incompressible fluids Maxwell fluids method of characteristics P waves superfluidity compressing UF recompression squeezing GS compressing . plasma compression . speech baseband compression RT adiabatic conditions anvils axial compression loads blowing compressors concentrating densification internal compression inlets magnetic compression mechanical properties metal powder piston theory # pressing pressure pressure reduction pulse compression # pumping rarefaction squeeze casting superchargers compression loads GS loads (forces) . compression loads . . axial compression loads . . impact loads RT aerodynamic loads axial loads buckling compressive strength contact loads dynamic loads edge loading kink bands kinking mechanical properties shock loads static loads structural design criteria thrust loads compression ratio DEF In internal combustion engines, the ratio between the volume displaced by the piston plus the clearance space, to the volume of the clearance space. GS ratios . compression ratio RT efficiency fuel-air ratio compression testers USE compression tests compression tests UF compression testers meteorite compression tests RT creep tests destructive tests hardness tests impact tests load tests # materials tests static tests # tests compression waves DEF In acoustics, waves in an elastic medium which cause an element of the medium to change its volume without undergoing rotation. Mathematically, a compression wave is one whose velocity wave has zero curl. GS elastic waves . compression waves RT P waves wave rotors compressive strength DEF The maximum load sustained by a standard specimen of a material when subjected to a crushing force. GS mechanical properties . compressive strength RT compressibility compression loads ductility elastic properties fiber strength high strength load carrying capacity Poisson ratio resilience shear strength # strength toughness compressor blades DEF Blades which are either rotor blades or stator blades in axial-flow compressors; sometimes used restrictively (and ambiguously) for compressor rotor blades. GS turbomachine blades . compressor blades RT# blades centrifugal compressors fan blades rotating stalls rotor blades (turbomachinery) stator blades turbine blades turbocompressors vanes compressor efficiency GS efficiency . compressor efficiency RT power efficiency thermodynamic efficiency compressor rotors GS rotating bodies . rotors . . compressor rotors RT centrifugal compressors compressors # fans impellers rotor blades (turbomachinery) turbine wheels turbocompressors compressors SN (EXCLUDES DATA COMPRESSORS) DEF Machines for compressing air or other fluids. GS compressors . centrifugal compressors . superchargers . supersonic compressors . transonic compressors . turbocompressors RT air conditioning equipment blowers compressed air compressed gas compressing compressor rotors condensers (liquefiers) coolers # fans refrigerating machinery stators turbomachinery vacuum pumps vaneless diffusers Compton effect DEF The decrease in frequency and increase in wavelength of x rays or gamma rays when scattered by free electrons. GS scattering . Compton effect RT coherent scattering # effects inelastic scattering nuclear reactions photoelectricity Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect Compton Gamma Ray Observatory USE Gamma Ray Observatory compulsators DEF Compensated pulsed alternators, i.e., single phased alternators designed for pulsed power duty with air gap armature windings and air gap compensating windings. RT AC generators compensators electric power supplies pulse generators computation UF calculation GS computation . computational geometry . orbit calculation . . minimum variance orbit determination . . orbital position estimation . quantum computation RT addition # applications of mathematics arithmetic calculators computational astrophysics computational electromagnetics computational fluid dynamics computers data processing data reduction dividing (mathematics) flux vector splitting # formulas ill-conditioned problems (mathematics) interpolation linear prediction multiplication subtraction sums systolic arrays computational aerodynamics USE computational fluid dynamics computational astrophysics GS analysis (mathematics) . numerical analysis . . computational astrophysics astrophysics . computational astrophysics RT computation computerized simulation mathematical models # science computational chemistry DEF A complementary method for determining properties of gases, solids, and their interactions from first principle calculations. It extends testing capabilities to realms that are too dangerous or too costly to obtain experimentally. GS analysis (mathematics) . numerical analysis . . computational chemistry RT# chemistry computer techniques computerized simulation configuration interaction physical chemistry self consistent fields # tests computational electromagnetics (added March 1995) GS analysis (mathematics) . numerical analysis . . computational electromagnetics RT computation computational fluid dynamics electromagnetism finite difference time domain method parallel processing (computers) perfectly matched layers radar cross sections computational fluid dynamics DEF The application of large computer systems for the numerical solutions of complex fluid dynamics equations. UF computational aerodynamics GS analysis (mathematics) . numerical analysis . . computational fluid dynamics fluid mechanics . fluid dynamics . . computational fluid dynamics RT Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model BGK model Burnett equations computation computational electromagnetics convection-diffusion equation direct numerical simulation # dynamics equations of motion finite element method flow deflection flow equations flux difference splitting flux vector splitting Godunov method grid generation (mathematics) hydrodynamic coefficients interactional aerodynamics k-epsilon turbulence model k-omega turbulence model large eddy simulation multiblock grids multigrid methods Navier-Stokes equation numerical flow visualization panel method (fluid dynamics) relaxation method (mathematics) Reynolds averaging spectral methods structured grids (mathematics) turbulence models TVD schemes unstructured grids (mathematics) upwind schemes (mathematics) vortex in cell technique vortex lattice method computational geometry (added August 1988) GS computation . computational geometry geometry . computational geometry RT computer aided design Voronoi diagrams computational grids UF grids (mathematics) mesh (mathematics) GS coordinates . computational grids . . structured grids (mathematics) . . . multiblock grids . . unstructured grids (mathematics) RT grid generation (mathematics) # grids mathematical models multigrid methods numerical analysis perfectly matched layers problem solving three dimensional models computer aided design DEF The use of the computer in design work. Used for CAD (design), computer aided engineering, and computerized design. UF CAD (design) computer aided engineering computerized design GS computer techniques . computer aided design . . IPAD RT aircraft design amplifier design computational geometry computer graphics computerized simulation # design design optimization drafting machines engine design helicopter design human-computer interface lens design lofting logic design missile design multidisciplinary design optimization rapid prototyping reactor design robotics satellite design spacecraft design structural design structured programming three dimensional models computer aided engineering USE computer aided design computer aided manufacturing DEF Interactive computing in support of manufacturing. Used for CAM (manufacturing). UF CAM (manufacturing) GS computer techniques . computer aided manufacturing manufacturing . computer aided manufacturing RT computer graphics computerized simulation group technology (manufacturing) rapid prototyping robotics computer aided mapping DEF Creating data bases of topographic and man-made features for the production of traditional maps and digital maps. Resultant digital maps have great flexibility and can be easily updated. The user can select the appropriate scale, view selected features, and view any desired area. GS computer techniques . computer aided mapping mapping . computer aided mapping RT computer graphics computerized simulation maps robotics computer aided tomography UF CAT scanner GS computer techniques . computer aided tomography imagery . radiography . . tomography . . . computer aided tomography RT computer graphics image processing computer animation GS arts . graphic arts . . animation . . . computer animation computer graphics . computer animation computer techniques . computer animation RT computerized simulation motion pictures computer architecture USE architecture (computers) computer assisted instruction DEF The use of a computer to present instructional material and to accept and evaluate student responses. UF CAI GS computer techniques . computer assisted instruction education . programmed instruction . . computer assisted instruction RT language programming symbolic programming computer bulletin boards USE electronic bulletin boards computer codes USE computer programs computer compatible tapes DEF Machine readable tapes. GS computer components . computer storage devices . . computer compatible tapes magnetic tapes . computer compatible tapes RT computers data processing equipment digital computers # tapes computer components GS computer components . adding circuits . central processing units . . arithmetic and logic units . . RISC processors . chips (memory devices) . computer storage devices . . bubble memory devices . . buffer storage . . computer compatible tapes . . cryogenic computer storage . . delay lines (computer storage) . . magnetic disks . . magnetic drums . . optical disks . . random access memory . . . core storage . . read-only memory devices . . . CD-ROM . . registers (computers) . . . accumulators (computers) . microprocessors . . Intel 8080 microprocessor . peripheral equipment (computers) . . printers (data processing) . . remote consoles . shift registers RT architecture (computers) binary to decimal converters # components computers consoles control units (computers) counters decimal to binary converters digital electronics firmware logical elements remote consoles computer conferencing (added September 1993) DEF A form of teleconferencing that allows one or more users to exchange messages on a computer network. GS telecommunication . teleconferencing . . computer conferencing RT communicating communication electronic bulletin boards electronic mail electronic publishing World Wide Web computer design SN (DESIGN OF COMPUTERS--EXCLUDES COMPUTERIZED DESIGN AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING) RT architecture (computers) chips (electronics) computers # design fluid logic hardware description languages logic design memory (computers) microprocessors MIMD (computers) optical computers product development read-only memory devices SIMD (computers) computer graphics DEF The technique of combining computer calculations with various display devices, printers, plotters, etc. to render information in graphical or pictorial format. Used for interactive graphics. UF interactive graphics GS computer graphics . computer animation RT computer aided design computer aided manufacturing computer aided mapping computer aided tomography computers data processing terminals display devices graphical user interface IBM personal computers Macintosh personal computers multimedia plotters raster scanning remote consoles scene generation scientific visualization tomography windows (computer programs) computer information security DEF Protective measures to prevent destruction, larceny, and/or unauthorized use of information in computerized files. Used for computer security. UF computer security GS security . computer information security RT access control computer viruses cryptography data processing disk operating system (DOS) electronic commerce information resources management operating systems (computers) privacy quantum cryptography selective dissemination of information terrorism computer methods USE computer programs computer networks DEF The interconnection of two or more computers for the mutual or individual processing of data to and from a multitude of terminals or stations by utilizing appropriate switching techniques, transmission systems, or miniprocessors. GS networks . computer networks . . internets . . . ARPA computer network . . . World Wide Web . . client server systems . . local area networks . . wide area networks RT Aloha system carrier sense multiple access distributed interactive simulation distributed processing electronic mail Ethernet interprocessor communication network control protocol (computers) VSAT (network) computer program integrity DEF The completeness of a program to execute its intended function. GS integrity . computer program integrity reliability . software reliability . . computer program integrity RT compilers completeness computer viruses computers digital computers errors programs redundancy security computer program reliability USE software reliability computer programming DEF The preparation of a formalized sequence of instructions that can be recognized and implemented by a computer. UF Legendre code GS computer programming . assembler routines . language programming . logic programming . microprogramming . multiprogramming . object-oriented programming . on-line programming . parallel programming . structured programming . symbolic programming RT Ada (programming language) addressing ALGOL algorithms APL (programming language) Assembly language autocoders BASIC (programming language) batch processing BCH codes block diagrams C (programming language) coding COMPASS (programming language) computer viruses context free languages data structures digital techniques expert systems file maintenance (computers) firmware flow charts formalism format Forth (programming language) FORTRAN HAL/S (language) heuristic methods kinoform linear programming LISP (programming language) logic design machine-independent programs MAP (programming language) MIMD (computers) natural language (computers) numerical analysis Pascal (programming language) PL/1 program verification (computers) programmed instruction programmers # programming programming environments programming languages Prolog (programming language) real time operation response time (computers) reverse engineering RISC processors run time (computers) sequential control SIMD (computers) software engineering software reliability software reuse systems analysis theorem proving time sharing UNIX (operating system) computer programs UF computer codes computer methods software (computers) GS computer programs . applications programs (computers) . . NASTRAN . . spreadsheets . compilers . computer systems programs . . assembler routines . . input/output routines . . operating systems (computers) . . . disk operating system (DOS) . . . UNIX (operating system) . . subroutine libraries (computers) . editing routines (computers) . machine-independent programs . merging routines . multiple output programs . object programs . software development tools . source programs . subroutines RT algorithms Assembly language batch processing block diagrams coding computer viruses computers data conversion routines data flow analysis data processing data transfer (computers) digital computers error detection codes fixed point arithmetic floating point arithmetic Goddard Trajectory Determination System IBM personal computers instruction sets (computers) intellectual property laser guidance machine translation Macintosh personal computers modularity NASA Interactive Planning System numerical control on-line systems programmed instruction programming environments programs report generators # routines software engineering software reliability software reuse structured programming # translators user manuals (computer programs) computer security USE computer information security computer simulation USE computerized simulation computer storage devices UF machine storage GS computer components . computer storage devices . . bubble memory devices . . buffer storage . . computer compatible tapes . . cryogenic computer storage . . delay lines (computer storage) . . magnetic disks . . magnetic drums . . optical disks . . random access memory . . . core storage . . read-only memory devices . . . CD-ROM . . registers (computers) . . . accumulators (computers) RT acoustic delay lines associative memory cards central processing units # channels cryosar # equipment flip-flops hole burning magnetic storage memory (computers) microprocessors optical memory (data storage) parametrons peripheral equipment (computers) punched cards punched tapes random access shift registers # storage thin films computer systems design GS systems engineering . computer systems design RT client server systems concurrent processing # design disk operating system (DOS) distributed processing interprocessor communication man machine systems operating systems (computers) peripheral equipment (computers) programmable logic devices read-only memory devices relational data bases software development tools software engineering # systems virtual memory systems computer systems performance DEF The efficiency and reliability that characterize the real operation of the system. RT consistency data sampling efficiency evaluation operator performance output # performance performance tests quality reliability response time (computers) RISC processors software reliability # systems computer systems programs GS computer programs . computer systems programs . . assembler routines . . input/output routines . . operating systems (computers) . . . disk operating system (DOS) . . . UNIX (operating system) . . subroutine libraries (computers) RT algorithms Assembly language autocoders compilers computer viruses computers data flow analysis data processing digital computers editing routines (computers) error detection codes report generators # routines software engineering # systems systems analysis computer systems simulation DEF Forecasting of computer requirements by the use of predictive modeling and estimating computer workloads. GS simulation . systems simulation . . computer systems simulation RT analog simulation data processing equipment digital simulation hardware description languages mathematical models operations research simulators # systems systems analysis computer techniques GS computer techniques . computer aided design . . IPAD . computer aided manufacturing . computer aided mapping . computer aided tomography . computer animation . computer assisted instruction RT adaptive optics ARPA computer network backpropagation (artificial intelligence) belief networks computational chemistry computers decision support systems flight management systems knowledge based systems management information systems management methods management systems microprocessors NASTRAN numerical differentiation on-line systems parsing algorithms personal computers sorting algorithms spreadsheets word processing computer viruses (added March 1989) RT computer information security computer program integrity computer programming computer programs computer systems programs software engineering computer vision DEF Capability of computers to analyze and act on visual input. UF machine vision RT artificial intelligence # automation edge detection Gabor filters optical flow (image analysis) pattern recognition position sensing robot sensors robotics robots computerized control USE numerical control computerized design USE computer aided design computerized simulation DEF Computer-calculated representation of a process, device, or concept in mathematical form. Used for ARIP (impact prediction), automatic rocket impact predictors, computer simulation, and IP (impact prediction). UF ARIP (impact prediction) automatic rocket impact predictors computer simulation IP (impact prediction) GS simulation . computerized simulation . . analog simulation . . digital simulation . . distributed interactive simulation RT algorithms altitude simulation computational astrophysics computational chemistry computer aided design computer aided manufacturing computer aided mapping computer animation computers control simulation differential analyzers flight simulation hardware-in-the-loop simulation highly maneuverable aircraft hydraulic analogies landing simulation Lennard-Jones potential mathematical models # missile simulators molecular dynamics motion simulators numerical flow visualization numerical weather forecasting operations research scientific visualization simulated annealing systems simulation target simulators three dimensional models two dimensional models virtual reality computers GS data processing equipment . computers . . analog computers . . . EAI 680 computer . . . Honeywell 600/6000 computer . . . SIGMA 5 computer . . . Univac 1100 series computers . . . . Univac 1105 computer . . . . Univac 1106 computer . . . . Univac 1107 computer . . . . Univac 1108 computer . . . . Univac 1110 computer . . CDC computers . . . CDC 160-A computer . . . CDC 1604 computer . . . CDC 3100 computer . . . CDC 3200 computer . . . CDC 3600 computer . . . CDC 3800 computer . . . CDC 6000 series computers . . . . CDC 6400 computer . . . . CDC 6600 computer . . . . CDC 6700 computer . . . CDC 7000 series computers . . . . CDC 7600 computer . . . CDC 8090 computer . . . CDC Cyber 170 series computers . . . . CDC Cyber 175 computer . . . CDC Cyber 74 computer . . . CDC Cyber 174 computer . . . CDC Cyber 203 computer . . . CDC Cyber 205 computer . . . CDC Star 100 computer . . counting rate computers . . DDP computers . . . DDP 516 computer . . digital computers . . . CDC 160-A computer . . . CDC 1604 computer . . . CDC 3100 computer . . . CDC 3200 computer . . . CDC 3600 computer . . . CDC 3800 computer . . . CDC 6000 series computers . . . . CDC 6400 computer . . . . CDC 6600 computer . . . . CDC 6700 computer . . . CDC 7000 series computers . . . . CDC 7600 computer . . . CDC 8090 computer . . . CDC Cyber 170 series computers . . . . CDC Cyber 175 computer . . . CDC Cyber 74 computer . . . CDC Cyber 174 computer . . . CDC Cyber 203 computer . . . CDC Cyber 205 computer . . . CDC Star 100 computer . . . EAI 680 computer . . . EAI 8400 computer . . . EAI 8900 computer . . . EMR 6050 computer . . . Ferranti Mercury computer . . . GE computers . . . . GE 625 computer . . . . GE 635 computer . . . Hewlett-Packard computers . . . Honeywell computers . . . . DDP 516 computer . . . . Honeywell 600/6000 computer . . . . Honeywell ADEPT computer . . . . Honeywell DDP 116 computer . . . IBM 360 computer . . . IBM 370 computer . . . IBM 650 computer . . . IBM 704 computer . . . IBM 709 computer . . . IBM 1130 computer . . . IBM 1401 computer . . . IBM 1410 computer . . . IBM 1620 computer . . . IBM 2250 computer . . . IBM 7030 computer . . . IBM 7040 computer . . . IBM 7044 computer . . . IBM 7070 computer . . . IBM 7074 computer . . . IBM 7090 computer . . . IBM 7094 computer . . . ICL computers . . . Illiac computers . . . . Illiac 3 computer . . . . Illiac 4 computer . . . microcomputers . . . . personal computers . . . . . IBM personal computers . . . . . Macintosh personal computers . . . minicomputers . . . . Nova computers . . . Modcomp II computer . . . Modcomp IV computer . . . parallel computers . . . . massively parallel processors . . . . . Connection Machine . . . . MIMD (computers) . . . . SIMD (computers) . . . PDP 15 computer . . . PDP computers . . . . PDP 7 computer . . . . PDP 8 computer . . . . PDP 9 computer . . . . PDP 10 computer . . . . PDP 11 computer . . . . PDP 11/20 computer . . . . PDP 11/40 computer . . . . PDP 11/45 computer . . . . PDP 11/50 computer . . . . PDP 11/70 computer . . . . PDP 12 computer . . . Philco 2000 computer . . . Raytheon computers . . . RCA spectra 70 computer . . . SDS 900 series computers . . . . SDS 930 computer . . . SDS 9300 computer . . . SEL computers . . . sequential computers . . . SIGMA 5 computer . . . SIGMA computers . . . . SIGMA 9 computer . . . Solomon computers . . . Univac 1100 series computers . . . . Univac 1105 computer . . . . Univac 1106 computer . . . . Univac 1107 computer . . . . Univac 1108 computer . . . . Univac 1110 computer . . . Univac 80 computer . . . Univac 418 computer . . . Univac 490 computer . . . Univac 494 computer . . . Univac 1230 computer . . . Univac Larc computer . . . VAX computers . . . . VAX-11 series computers . . . . . VAX-11/780 computer . . embedded computer systems . . airborne/spaceborne computers . . hybrid computers . . hypercube multiprocessors . . IBM computers . . . IBM 360 computer . . . IBM 370 computer . . . IBM 650 computer . . . IBM 704 computer . . . IBM 709 computer . . . IBM 1130 computer . . . IBM 1401 computer . . . IBM 1410 computer . . . IBM 1620 computer . . . IBM 2250 computer . . . IBM 7030 computer . . . IBM 7040 computer . . . IBM 7044 computer . . . IBM 7070 computer . . . IBM 7074 computer . . . IBM 7090 computer . . . IBM 7094 computer . . . IBM personal computers . . MINOS computer . . optical computers . . Pegasus computer . . RCA computers . . . RCA spectra 70 computer . . . RCA-110 computers . . Siemens 2002 computer . . site data processors . . supercomputers . . . Connection Machine . . . Cray computers . . transputers . . Univac computers . . . Univac 1100 series computers . . . . Univac 1105 computer . . . . Univac 1106 computer . . . . Univac 1107 computer . . . . Univac 1108 computer . . . . Univac 1110 computer . . . Univac 80 computer . . . Univac 418 computer . . . Univac 490 computer . . . Univac 494 computer . . . Univac 1230 computer . . . Univac Larc computer . . quantum computers RT applications programs (computers) arithmetic and logic units artificial intelligence automata theory # automation calculators central processing units computation computer compatible tapes computer components computer design computer graphics computer program integrity computer programs computer systems programs computer techniques computerized simulation control data (computers) control units (computers) cybernetics data converters data processing digital to voice translators file maintenance (computers) fixed point arithmetic floating point arithmetic HAL/S (language) # hardware information retrieval information theory Intel 8080 microprocessor logic circuits machine-independent programs # machinery memory (computers) multiprocessing (computers) printers (data processing) read-only memory devices real time operation run time (computers) telecommunication vocoders Comsat program GS programs . Comsat program RT communication satellites Early Bird satellites Telstar project Telstar satellites ComStar C DEF The third in a series of Comsat domestic communications satellites launched in a transfer orbit by NASA for COMSAT. GS artificial satellites . communication satellites . . Communications Technology Satellite . . . ComStar C ComStar satellites DEF Series of domestic Comsat communication satellites. GS artificial satellites . communication satellites . . ComStar satellites RT satellite networks concatenated codes DEF Two or more codes which are encoded and decoded in series. RT binary codes # codes coding data transmission decoding error correcting codes redundancy encoding Reed-Solomon codes signal encoding trellis coding concavity RT contour sensors contours convexity flatness shapes # surface geometry concentrating RT accumulations adsorption agglomeration beneficiation centrifuging classifiers coagulation coalescing compressing # concentration concentrators condensing crystallization distillation drying enrichment evaporation extraction filtration flocculating flotation percolation precipitation (chemistry) # separation separators settling sorption stress concentration upgrading vaporizing # concentration SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF The quantity of a substance contained in a unit quantity of sample. RT concentrating concentration (composition) crowding filtration isotopic enrichment concentration (composition) UF volume fraction GS composition (property) . concentration (composition) . . atom concentration . . carbon dioxide concentration . . fiber volume fraction . . low concentrations . . mascons . . meteoroid concentration . . moisture content . . . atmospheric moisture RT# concentration dilution particulate sampling purity quality sampling # saturation solubility concentrators GS concentrators . spirals (concentrators) RT accumulators centrifuges classifiers # classifying columns (process engineering) concentrating evaporators filtration fluid filters precipitators radiative heat transfer separators size separation sizing screens solar collectors stills thermal radiation traps washers (cleaners) concentric cylinders RT# cylinders cylindrical shells concentric spheres DEF Structures in which the space between the spheres is utilized for experiments involving fluid flow, etc. GS symmetrical bodies . bodies of revolution . . spheres . . . concentric spheres RT concentricity concentricity RT# centers concentric spheres eccentricity Concorde aircraft GS jet aircraft . turbofan aircraft . . Concorde aircraft Sud Aviation aircraft . Concorde aircraft supersonic aircraft . supersonic transports . . Concorde aircraft transport aircraft . Concorde aircraft RT# aircraft concrete structures DEF Buildings, dams, stadiums, etc., constructed entirely of a mixture of aggregates, water, and Portland cement. RT aggregates breakwaters construction earthquake resistant structures foundations # materials rigid structures # structures towers concretes DEF Homogeneous mixtures of portland cement, aggregates, and water and which may contain admixtures. RT admixtures aggregates cements # construction materials grout insulation masonry mortars (material) pavements structural members concurrent engineering (added September 1994) DEF Use of multi-disciplinary teams to perform simultaneous design of products and production processes from conception through disposal. RT design to cost # engineering industrial management life cycle costs multidisciplinary research product development reliability engineering systems engineering total quality management value engineering concurrent processing GS data processing . concurrent processing RT architecture (computers) computer systems design MIMD (computers) multiprocessing (computers) parallel processing (computers) SIMD (computers) condensates GS condensates . Bose-Einstein condensates . hydrometeors RT Aitken nuclei # condensation condensers (liquefiers) condensing contrails drop size liquefied gases plumes vapors # condensation SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF The physical process by which a vapor becomes a liquid or solid; the opposite of evaporation. Specifically, in meteorology, the transformation from vapor to liquid. RT condensates condensation nuclei condensing gas-metal interactions liquefaction Mayer problem rectification condensation nuclei DEF Liquid or solid particles upon which condensation of water begins in the atmosphere. GS condensation nuclei . Aitken nuclei RT aerosols cloud physics clouds (meteorology) # condensation condensing drops (liquids) ice nuclei meteorology microparticles nucleation # nuclei rain condensation pumps GS pumps . vacuum pumps . . condensation pumps vacuum apparatus . vacuum pumps . . condensation pumps condensation trails USE contrails condensed matter physics RT Bose-Einstein condensates matter (physics) negative matter # physics # solid state physics condenser radiators USE condensers (liquefiers) heat radiators # condensers SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT capacitors condensers (liquefiers) jet condensers photographic rectifiers condensers (liquefiers) UF condenser radiators GS condensers (liquefiers) . jet condensers RT absorbers (equipment) air conditioning air conditioning equipment cold traps columns (process engineering) compressors condensates # condensers condensing cooling fins cooling systems distillation equipment drying apparatus evaporators exhaust systems film condensation heat exchangers heat pumps liquefied gases refrigerating machinery separators spacecraft radiators vaporizers condensing UF gas liquefaction GS condensing . film condensation RT association reactions cloud physics concentrating condensates # condensation condensation nuclei condensers (liquefiers) cooling dehumidification dew point distillation drop size drops (liquids) evaporation gas-liquid interactions gas-metal interactions nucleation phase change materials phase transformations refrigerating # saturation # separation sublimation supercooling supersaturation conditioned reflexes GS reflexes . conditioned reflexes RT conditioning (learning) reaction time conditioned responses USE conditioning (learning) # conditioning SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT beneficiation conditioning (learning) power conditioning preconditioning conditioning (learning) UF conditioned responses GS learning . conditioning (learning) RT behavior biofeedback conditioned reflexes # conditioning habituation (learning) inhibition (psychology) conditioning (treating) USE treatment conditions GS conditions . adiabatic conditions . boundary conditions . . perfectly matched layers . chronic conditions . flight conditions . Kutta-Joukowski condition . Lipschitz condition . nonadiabatic conditions . nonequilibrium conditions . runway conditions RT in vitro methods and tests in vivo methods and tests Condor missile GS missiles . air to surface missiles . . Condor missile conductance USE resistance conducting USE conduction conducting fluids SN (EXCLUDES PLASMAS) RT conductors electrolytes # fluids magnetohydrodynamics conducting media USE conductors conducting polymers (added January 1990) GS conductors . electric conductors . . conducting polymers RT dendrimers electroactive polymers organic semiconductors polyacetylene polymeric films # polymers polypyrroles semiconductors (materials) # conduction SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF The transfer of energy within and through a conductor by means of internal particle of molecular activity and without any net external motion. Used for conducting. UF conducting RT attenuation conductive heat transfer convection electric conductors electric power transmission heat transfer heating refraction sound propagation sound transmission thermal conductors thermal diffusion transmission wave propagation conduction bands DEF A range of states in the energy spectrum of a solid in which electrons can move freely. GS energy bands . conduction bands RT band structure of solids # bands Brillouin zones electron transitions Franck-Condon principle NDM semiconductor devices polarons porous silicon quantum wells semiconductors (materials) trapping conduction electrons GS particles . charged particles . . energetic particles . . . electrons . . . . conduction electrons . corpuscular radiation . . energetic particles . . . electrons . . . . conduction electrons . elementary particles . . fermions . . . leptons . . . . electrons . . . . . conduction electrons RT free electrons quantum wells valence conductive heat transfer UF heat conduction GS transmission . heat transmission . . heat transfer . . . conductive heat transfer RT# conduction convective heat transfer laminar heat transfer thermal conductivity thermal conductors # conductivity SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) DEF The ability to transmit, as electricity, heat, sound, etc. A unit measure of electrical conduction; the facility with which a substance conducts electricity, as represented by the current density per unit electrical-potential gradient in the direction of flow. RT atmospheric conductivity electrical properties electrical resistivity fluid flow impedance ionospheric conductivity magnetoresistivity mobility Ohms law photoconductivity plasma conductivity superconducting power transmission superconductivity thermal conductivity transconductance transport properties void ratio conductivity meters GS measuring instruments . conductivity meters . . electrical conductivity meters conductors DEF Substances or entities which transmit electricity, heat, or sound. Used for conducting media. UF conducting media GS conductors . bus conductors . electric conductors . . beam leads . . conducting polymers . . electric wire . electrolytes . . anolytes . . catholytes . . ion exchange membrane electrolytes . . jumpers . . molten salt electrolytes . . nonaqueous electrolytes . . solid electrolytes . flat conductors . . beam leads . photoconductors . superconductors (materials) . . high temperature superconductors . . . BSCCO superconductors . . . YBCO superconductors . . heavy fermion superconductors . . organic superconductors . thermal conductors RT antennas conducting fluids exploding wires metals nonferrous metals organic semiconductors semiconductors (materials) subreflectors cones SN (LIMITED TO MATERIAL OBJECTS) DEF Geometric configurations having a circular bottom and sides tapering off to an apex (as in nose cones). Used for conical flare and fusiform shapes. UF conical flare fusiform shapes GS cones . circular cones . conical bodies . . slender cones . half cones . Mach cones . nose cones . . ablative nose cones . . rocket nose cones . shatter cones RT aerodynamic configurations bodies of revolution conical shells conics frustums symmetrical bodies cones (volcanoes) UF cinder cones GS geology . cones (volcanoes) landforms . cones (volcanoes) RT basalt calderas craters effusives geomorphology lava Mars volcanoes mountains orography paleomagnetism petrology Rouse belts volcanoes volcanology conferences UF congresses meetings proceedings symposia RT Committee on Space Research consulting conventions # discussion documentation documents papers reports Starsite program teleconferencing video conferencing confidence RT correlation errors probability theory psychological effects quality control reliability risk statistical analysis confidence limits DEF In statistics, the upper and lower extremes of the confidence interval. RT contingency estimates forecasting maximum likelihood estimates # measurement null hypothesis precision predictions quality control range (extremes) reliability risk sampling significance standard deviation statistical analysis statistical tests # tests variance (statistics) configuration interaction DEF In physical chemistry, the interaction between two different possible arrangements of the electrons in an atom or molecule. RT computational chemistry electron orbitals # interactions intermolecular forces molecular interactions molecular structure # structures configuration management DEF A discipline applying technical and administrative direction and surveillance to: identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a configuration item, control changes to those characteristics, record and report change processing and implementation status, and verify conformance with specified requirements. GS management . configuration management RT# configurations # configurations SN (USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS RECOMMENDED--CONSULT THE TERMS LISTED BELOW) RT aerodynamic configurations aircraft configurations body-wing and tail configurations canard configurations configuration management launch vehicle configurations missile configurations propulsion system configurations spacecraft configurations staggering torpedoes confinement RT astronaut performance containment isolation magnetic compression nuclear reactor control plasma control plasma equilibrium sensory deprivation confining RT astronaut performance deprivation isolation sensory deprivation confirmation USE proving confluence USE convergence conformal mapping UF conformal transformations GS analysis (mathematics) . complex variables . . conformal mapping functions (mathematics) . conformal mapping RT coordinate transformations Euler-Cauchy equations graphs (charts) invariant imbeddings isoparametric finite elements Jacobi integral Lighthill method minimal surfaces Schwarz-Christoffel transformation Theodorsen transformation conformal transformations USE conformal mapping confusion RT entrapment tangling congeners RT# chemical compounds classifications isomers muscles tautomers congenital anomalies UF congenital conditions RT chromosomes genetics heredity Rhesus factor congenital conditions USE congenital anomalies congestion RT circulation ischemia pneumonia respiratory diseases vasodilation Congo (Brazzaville) UF Brazzaville French Equatorial Congo GS nations . Congo (Brazzaville) RT Africa Congo (Kinshasa) USE Democratic Republic of Congo congresses USE conferences congressional reports UF proceedings GS documents . congressional reports reports . congressional reports RT Presidential reports congruences GS number theory . congruences RT# coherence collocation dividing (mathematics) geometry identities integers symmetry conical bodies UF conoids GS cones . conical bodies . . sl